Positive outcomes have been reported about the transcranial magnetic stimulation for aphasia. This paper reviewed the relat-ed literatures about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation used in clinical and research, and discussed the possible mechanisms in the recovery of aphasia, and the roles of hemispheres in brain.

Exercise can improve the recovery of neural functions following ischemia in rats.The outcome is related to the injury severity, the intervention time, Methods and intensity. The time window can directly influence rehabilitation outcome.Various kinds of rehabilitative Methods may promote neural plasticity. And intensity has correlation with rehabilitation outcome. In this article, we discuss the effects of optimal intervention time for exercise, the Methods and the intensity to the recovery of neural functions in rat.

Aphasia is common after stroke, and seriously influences the family and social communication of the patients. As a safe and noninvasive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used to induce or enhance neural plasticity, including promoting the recovery of aphasia after stroke. This paper reviewed mechanism of speech recovery and the application of rTMS for aphasia after stroke.

Objective To study the regularity of cerebral edema in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats and the influence of rehabilitation training on edema. Methods 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control group (n=24), no-intervention group (n=24), resting plus natural feeding group (n=24), resting plus natural feeding and special nutrition group (n=24), and training group (n=24). Bederson score was used to evaluate the neurological function, and the dry-wet weight way was used to measure brain water content on the 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day, and 7th day. Results There was no significant difference in the other 4 groups except the normal group on the 1st day, 3rd day, and 5th day (P>0.05). However, neurological function in the training group was better than that in the other 3 groups except the normal control group on the 7th day (P<0.01). Except the normal control group, the brain water content decreased most rapidly in the training group and slowest in the resting groups after the 3rd day. Conclusion Rehabilitation training could accelerate the recovery of neurological function and release cerebral edema in rats with focal cerebral ischemia.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the right Broca's homologue of stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia.Methods One stroke patient with non-fluent aphasia received rTMS at 1 Hz and another received the same treatment at 10 Hz.The western aphasia battery (WAB) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to evaluate their language function before and after the intervention.Results After treatment,language function in both patients had improved significantly.The aphasia quotient (AQ) score of patient 1 had improved from 37.2 to 66.6,and the AQ score of patient 2 had improved from 36.2 to 60.8.Before treatment,patient 1's activated brain areas during a vocabulary reading task were the left anterior central gyrus and the left gyrus frontalis medius.After the 1 Hz rTMS treatment the activated brain areas were the left medial surface of the lobus frontalis,the left gyrus frontalis inferior,the left prefrontal area,the left preinsula,the left lobulus parietalis inferior,and the left middle/inferior temporal gyrus.Before the 10 Hz rTMS treatment,patient 2's activated brain areas with the same vocabulary reading task were the bilateral medial surface of the temporal lobe,and the bilateral anterior central gyrus.After treatment the bilateral medial surface gyrus,the frontalis medius and lobus frontalis,the right gyrus frontalis inferior,the left prefrontal area,the bilateral lobulus parietalis superior,and the right superior/middle temporal gyrus were activated.Conclusion rTMS can significantly improve language function in stroke patients with non-fluent aphasia.Patients with smaller lesions in the left hemisphere language area can achieve hemisphere function restructuring.Larger lesions in the left hemisphere language area will probably yield bilateral restructuring in both hemispheres.

The factors affecting cerebral ischemia model of rat established by middle cerebral artery occlusion include animal selection, drugs of anesthesia, surgical site, thread affect building, and etc. To find and manufacture an appropriate thread is the key to success. It includes the species, length, diameter, hardness, and placing method of the thread. The improvement of these factors greatly increases the successful rate in the establishment of focal cerebra ischemia model of rat caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Objective To investigate the unilateral spatial neglect (USN) on the rehabilitation of hemiplegia after brain injury.Methods 35 patients with USN and 38 patients without USN were selected and divided into two groups (USN group and without USN group). All patients of two groups accepted integrative treatments mainly with Bobath technique by professional therapists. The function of movement, balance, ambulation, hand and activities of daily living (ADL) were all particularly assessed by simplified Fugl-Meyer movement assessment, Fugl-Meyer balance assessment, Holden functional ambulation classification, hand function classification and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) before treatment and 1 and 2 months after treatment.Results After treatment, the scores of the Fugl-Meyer movement assessment, Fugl-meyer balance assessment and MBI of all patients in two groups significantly improved ( P<0.001). But there was a significant difference between the two groups in scores of balance function, MBI, hand function (all P<0.05), and the Holden functional ambulation classification ( P<0.001).Conclusion USN induced by brain injury has obviously effects on rehabilitation of motor, balance, ambulation and ADL of hemiplegia.

Objective To explore the effect of intensity of 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to right Broca's ho-mologue on nonfluent aphasia after stroke. Methods 40 inpatients were equally divided into low-intensity group and high-intensity group, who received rTMS (1 Hz for 10 minutes) once a day and twice a day respectively for 10 days. They were assessed with Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) before and after intervention, and 2 months after intervention. Results The scores of content and fluency, auditory compre-hension, naming, repetition and AQ improved more in the high-intensity group than in the low-intensity group (P<0.01). It maintained more for 2 months in the scores of content and fluency, repetition and AQ (P<0.05). Conclusion High-intensity rTMS can promote the improve-ment of speech in patients with nonfluent aphasia after stroke that remains for a long term.

Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture on stroke patients in hemiplagic spasm period.Methods63 stroke patients in hemiplagic spasm period were randomly divided into the electro-acupuncture group(n=31) and control group(n=32).All patients of two groups received routine rehabilitation training,but those of the electro-acupuncture group were added with electro-acupuncture at "Zusanli"(ST36).The composite spasticity scale(CSS) score,H/Mmax and muscular compliance of two groups before and after treatment were observed and compared.ResultsThe CSS scores and H/Mmax and grading gastrocnemius muscular compliance of the electro-acupuncture group were superior to that of the control group(P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionAcupuncture can decrease muscular tension and increase motor function of stroke patients in hemiplagic spasm period.

Objective To explore the characteristics and rehabilitation treatment methods of young ischemic stroke combined with congenital myopathy. Methods The clinical data of one young patient with ischemic stroke combined with congenital myopathy was retrospective analyzed, and its pathological feature and rehabilitation treatment methods were also analyzed. Results The etiology may be artery dissection mural thrombus fell off. Conclusion The etiology of young ischemic stroke should be clear diagnosed, and the intensity of rehabilitation training need attention.