OBJECTIVEThis study aims to analyze the long-term stability of the anterior teeth and hard tissue of skeletal class III malocclusion after a three-year orthodontic surgery by systematic review.

METHODSAll studies about skeletal class III malocclusion with orthodontic-surgery were searched by computer-based retrieval and manual retrieval; the deadline is December 2013. The literature, filtered according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, was performed with quality. assessment. The same indicators of the anterior location and hard tissue stability were combined and evaluated with metaanalysis and descriptive analysis by Rev Man5.2.

RESULTSFour before-and-after comparison study articles with 180 cases were included. The grades of the four literature evaluation were A. The meta-analysis results showed that comparing the three-year post-orthodontic-surgery and post-orthodontic-surgery, the total weighted mean difference (WMD) of Ul-SN was 4.29 (P<0.05); the WMD of Ll-MP, OB, OJ, SNA, SNB, ANB, and MP-SN were -1.58, 0, -0.41, -0.58, 0.25, -0.70, and 0.39, respectively (P>0.05). The measurement methods of A and B point position were different, hence the qualitative description were as follows: point A remained at a relatively stable position, and point B had some replacement compared with post-operative (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONTo the skeletal class III malocclusion after three-year orthodontic-surgery, the position of the lower anterior teeth could be kept stable, as well as the overbite and the overjet of the anterior teeth; only the upper inci- sor has a lip-inclined relapse. The maxillary could also be kept stable, and the mandibular had a little relapse.

Objective To analyse the clinical significance of LHRH exciting test in the differential diagnosis of constitutional delayed puberty (CDP) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Methods Eighty-one cases from 1982 to 1998 were investigated and followed up. They were all at genital stage Ⅰ. After injection of 100 ?g LHRH, the blood samples (3 ml) were taken at -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The serum LH and FSH levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Then they were followed up every 3-24 months. After they received LHRH exciting test, they were followed up until over 18 years old. According to their puberty development status, they were divided into 3 groups, normal group (n=34),CDP group (n=16) and HH group (n=31),andthemeanage,whenthey received LHRH exciting test, was (10.2?0.9, range 9-14) years, (16.0?1.0, range 14-18) years and (17.1?1.4, range 16-22) years respectively. Results There were no significant differences in serum LH baseline level and peak time in normal, CDP and HH groups, but the serum LH peak level, LH increment (peak LH level minus baseline LH level), LH increment ratio (peak level/baseline level of LH) and the area under LH curve (AUC LH ) of normal group were significantly higher than those of CDP group and HH group (all P

Objective To analyze the features of normal high-frequency ultrasonography of tarsal tunnel. Methods Forty volunteers (20 males and 20 females) were examined with high-frequency ultrasound (12 MHz). The tendons,nerve and blood vessels in tarsal tunnel were observed from short-axis and long-axis views dynamically. The areas of tarsal tunnel and posterior tibial nerve were measured and com-pared between the males and females. Results High-frequency ultrasonography depicted the anatomical structure of tarsal tunnel,and the tendons,nerve and blood vessels presented different sonographic features that were easy to differentiate. The area of tarsal tunnel: male (7.61 ±1.00) cm2,female (6. 61 ± 1. 07) cm2 (P <0. 01). The area of posterior tibial nerve: male (9. 59 ± 0. 75) mm2,female (8.91 ±0.74) mm2(P<0.01). Conclusion High-frequency ultrasonography can clearly show and accurately measure the tarsal tunnel structure. To be familiar with the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of tarsal tunnel will help to improve the efficacy of ultrasound diagnosis of tarsal tunnel abnormalities.

Two types of steroid 5?-reductase isozymes were found in human and rats.5?-reductase type 2 deficiency in male lead to male pseudohermaphroditism and other related phenotypes.The content of this review includes:① The progress in the fields of 5?-reductase research;②Biochemical characteristics and physiological effects of 5?-reductase.③ Gene structure and mutation in 5?-reductase genes,clinical and chemical features of 5?-reductase type 2 deficiency syndrome.④Inhibitory agents of 5?-reductase and their mechanism and clinical use.The investigation in 5?-reductase help to illuminate physiological effect and sexual differentiation of androgen.The development of new inhibitory agents for 5?-reductase creats new strategy for diseases caused by imbalance of androgen action.Their mechanism and long effects of clinical use need further investigation and observation.

Objective To analyze the changes of splenic volume and blood flow detected by ultrasonography in men having been migra-ted in high-altitude area for 10 years and to explore the relationship between the splenic blood flow and volume. Methods Men migrating to high-altitude area for 10 years,male indigenous Tibetan and healthy men from planitia with 55 cases in each were involved. Ultrasonography was performed to measure the length,width and thickness of spleen to calculate the volume,and color Doppler flow imaging was applied to measure the diameter of splenic artery and the mean flow velocity to calculate the blood flow volume. The differences among groups were com-pared and the relationship between the blood flow and the volume was analyzed. Results The blood flow and the volume of spleen in men migrating to high-altitude area were higher than those in male indigenous Tibetan and healthy men from planitia (P<0. 01),and the blood flow was positively correlated with the splenic volume (r=0. 828,P<0. 01). Conclusion The splenic volume and blood flow are increased in men when have been migrated in high-altitude area for 10 years and ultrasonography is of great importance in detecting the pathophysiologic changes in high-altitude area in our country.

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of different metabolic parameters measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in predicting the effectiveness of chemotherapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Methods:A set of metabolic parameters of PET/CT and clinical characteristics which were detected from 127 patients (70 males, 57 females, age (56.8±10.1) years) with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with at least two cycles of chemotherapy in Hainan Cancer Hospital between August 2017 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of those parameters on patients′ survival were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) and Cox proportional hazards model.Results:Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), metabolic tumor volume 30% (MTV 30), and total lesion glycolysis 30% (TLG 30) had larger areas under the curve (0.581, 0.606 and 0.693 respectively) compared with other imaging parameters, and the optimal cut-off values were 10.12, 20.21 cm 3 and 81.25 g respectively. Kaplan-Meier univariate and Cox analyses synergistically showed that clinical stage (hazard ratio ( HR)=0.293(95% CI: 0.190-0.451), P<0.001), smoking ( HR=0.732(95% CI: 0.605-0.885), P=0.001), and MTV 30 ( HR=1.555(95% CI: 1.078-2.242), P=0.018) had significant predictive value for progression-free survival (PFS). Stratified analysis showed that smoking and MTV 30>20.21 cm 3 were independent prognostic factors for poor PFS in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma receiving chemotherapy ( HR=0.738(95% CI: 0.611-0.893), P=0.002; HR=1.502(95% CI: 1.037-2.177), P=0.032). Conclusions:Clinical stage, smoking and MTV 30 are independent prognostic factors of PFS in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma receiving chemotherapy. MTV 30≤20.21 cm 3 is expected to be an image biomarker for predicting survival and selecting patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who are more likely to benefit from chemotherapy.

Objective To identify common allergens in patients with eczema or dermatitis by using serum IgE tests, and to explore their clinical significance. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on eczema or dermatitis patients with at least one positive serum IgE test result from 10 hospitals in China. Results Totally, 458 patients were included in this study with an average age of 28.13 ± 23.11 years. Of these patients, 209 (45.63%)were male, and 249 (54.37%)were female. The top three allergens were cockroaches(180/458, 39.30%), dust mite mix(152/458, 33.19%) and peanuts (116/458, 25.33%). Polysensitization (sensitization to more than one allergen)was observed in 89.66%(26/29)of patients with atopic dermatitis and 86.84%(33/38)of patients with facial eczema. Moreover, the rate of polysensitization was significantly higher in patients with generalized lesions than in those with circumscribed lesions (80%(88/110)vs. 70.40%(245/348),χ2=3.880, P=0.049). The positive rate of specific IgE against inhaled allergens was highest in the age group of 11-20 years(39/43, 90.70%), while the specific IgE against milk(26.53%, 26/98)and beef (19.39%, 19/98)was mainly observed in children aged less than 3 years. In addition, patients in northern areas showed increased positive rates of specific IgE to mugwort (10.35% vs. 1.61%,χ2= 4.917, P< 0.05), cockroaches (42.42%vs. 19.35%,χ2=11.959, P<0.05), milk (14.39%vs. 3.23%,χ2=5.958, P<0.05), soybeans (13.89%vs. 3.23%,χ2=5.594, P<0.05), beef(11.36%vs. 1.61%,χ2=5.641, P<0.05)and fresh-water fish(13.38%vs. 3.23%,χ2 = 5.235, P< 0.05)compared with those in southern areas. Conclusions Cockroaches are a common allergen in patients with eczema or dermatitis, and their clinical significance is worthy of further study. Polysensitization seems to be more frequent in patients with facial eczema or atopic dermatitis. Age is an important factor influencing allergen sensitization, and there is a regional difference in the distribution of common allergens.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out G-banded chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for a fetus featuring multiple malformations. METHODS: The fetus was found to have increased nuchal thickness, generalized edema, asymmetric lower limbs, tetralogy of Fallot, nasal bone anomaly and cleft palate. Following amniocentesis, G-band karyotyping and CMA were carried out. RESULTS: The fetus had a karyotype of 47,XX,+i(12)(p10) [14]/46,XX[6]. CMA has identified a 33.9 Mb duplication at 12p13.33-p11.1, which was suggestive of tetrasomy 12p. CONCLUSION Combined chromosomal karyotyping and CMA can delineate the origin of abnormal chromosomal fragments during prenatal diagnosis. The fetus was diagnosed with Pallister-Killian syndrome.

Objective To observe the anatomy of the radial proper digital arteries and their dorsal vessels of index fingers, and the relative position and orientation of them were summarized. To explore the surgical method and clinical appilication of the stepladder advancement flap pedicled with the radial proper digital artery of index finger in the finger tip defects. Methods From June, 2013 to June, 2016, 6 hand specimens were injected into the brachial artery with red latex to carry out the microanatomy of the index finger’s radial proper digital arteries and their dorsal vessels. And 1 vascular cast of hand specimen were observed the origin, number and oriention of the artery and its dorsal vessel. Ten cases with soft tissue defects of index finger in finger tip, were repaired with stepladder advance-ment flap pedicled with the radial proper digital artery. The evaluations and analysis were made in survival rate and finger's function by the postoperative regular consultations. Results There were 2 (4 hands) or 3 (2 hands) dorsal vessels in the proximal, and 2(6 hands) in middle segments of the radial proper digital arteries of index fingers in 6 hand specimens respectively. While the vascular cast of hand specimen showed that 3 dorsal vessels in the proximal, and 2 in the middle segments of the radial proper digital artery. Ten patients were performed the operation. The blood flow after the surgery were good and all flaps survived well. Followed-up time was 10-14 months. The color, feeling, contour and texture of flaps was good. The function of flexion and extension of the finger was good too, and no defor-mity of the purlicue. The resolution of static two points was 5.5-9.0 mm, averaged of 7.2 mm. Conclusion The stepladder advancement flap pedicled with the radial proper digital artery of index finger can extend the donor site. It is safe, reliable and effective, providing a alternation for the repair of the soft tissue defects of the index finger tip.

OBJECTIVE: To study the trinucleotide repeats of GCN (GCA, GCT, GCC, GCG) encoding Alanine in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene among healthy individuals from southwest China and two patients with Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). METHODS: The number and sequence of the GCN repeats of the PHOX2B gene were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing and cloning sequencing of 518 healthy individuals and two newborns with CCHS, respectively. RESULTS: Among the 1036 alleles of the 518 healthy individuals, five alleles were identified, including (GCN)₇, (GCN)₁₃, (GCN)₁₄, (GCN)₁₅ and (GCN)₂₀. The frequency of the (GCN)₂₀ allele was the highest (94.79%). And five genotypes were identified, which included (GCN)₇/(GCN)₂₀, (GCN)_13/(GCN)₂₀, (GCN)₁₄/(GCN)₂₀, (GCN)₁₅/(GCN)₂₀, (GCN)₂₀/(GCN)₂₀. The homozygous genotypes were all (GCN)₂₀/(GCN)₂₀, and the carrier rate was 89.58%. Four GCN sequences of the (GCN)₂₀ homozygous genotypes were identified among the 464 healthy individuals. The GCN repeat numbers in the exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene showed no significant difference between the expected and observed values, and had fulfilled the,Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotypes of the two CCHS patients were (GCN)₂₀/(GCN)₂₅ and (GCN)₂₀/(GCN)₃₀, respectively. CONCLUSION It is important to determine the GCN repeats and genotypic data of the exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene among the healthy individuals. The number of GCN repeats in 518 healthy individuals was all below 20. The selection of appropriate methods can accurately detect the polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs) of the PHOX2B gene, which is conducive to the early diagnosis, intervention and treatment of CCHS.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics* ; Hypoventilation/congenital* ; Mutation ; Sleep Apnea, Central/genetics* ; Transcription Factors/genetics*