Aim To investigate the effects of oleanolic acid on proliferation of SGC-7901/CDDP cells in vitro and its potential mechanisms.Methods Model of SGC-7901 cells resistant to cisplatin(SGC-7901/CDDP)was established in vitro.MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of SGC-7901/CDDP cells in vitro.Real-time PCR was used to analyse the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene.Results MTT assay showed that oleanolic acid dramatically inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901/CDDP cells in vitro,more than 62% SGC-7901/CDDP cells were inhibited when the cells were treated with 100 ?mol?L-1 oleanolic acid for 72 h;Real-time PCR showed that Bax(pro-apoptotic gene)was upregulated and Bcl-2(anti-apoptotic)was downregulated after being treated with oleanolic acid.Conclusions These results suggest that oleanolic acid inhibits proliferation of SGC-7901/CDDP cells in vitro,and its potential mechanisms may be through the upregulation of Bax and the downregulation of Bcl-2.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC characteristic chromatogram of pheretima,and compare the differences of the main ingredient contents of Guangdong pheretima and Shanghai pheretima and the chromatogram differences among pheretima and 3 other animal drugs. METHODS:Pheretima HPLC characteristic chromatogram method was adopted to determine the characteris-tic chromatograms of 16 Guangdong pheretima,8 Shanghai pheretima,3 eupolyphaga,3 hirudo and 3 catharsius. Similarity evalua-tion and t test were used to analyze the differences of chromatogram data of 5 animal drugs. RESULTS:The established HPLC char-acteristic chromatogram method firstly identified 11 common characteristic peaks,including 6 nucleosides,4 nucleobase and 1 ami-no acid;and it could be used for the identification of pheretima from eupolyphaga,hirudo and catharsius;the differences of main ingredient contents in the characteristic chromatogram of Guangdong pheretima and Shanghai pheretima were firstly studied. The contents of xanthine and adenosine in Guangdong pheretima were higher than Shanghai pheretima,while the contents of uridine, guanosine and 2′-deoxy guanosine in Shanghai pheretima were higher than Guangdong pheretima. A new index S,calculated by these 5 constituents,was successfully applied to distinguish the 2 kinds of pheretima. CONCLUSIONS:The characteristic chro-matogram can be used for the identification of pheretima,and can provide reference for the pharmacodynamic differences study of Guangdong pheretima and Shanghai pheretima.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preventive and therapeutic effect and its mechanism of medicine pair decoction liquid of Curcuma phaeocaulis-Sparganium stoloniferum on rats with uterine myoma. METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive group(mifepristone,2.25 mg/kg)and medicine pair decoction liquid group(C. phaeocaulis-S. stolon-iferum decoction liquid,6.0 g/kg),10 in each group. Except for the normal group,rats in other groups were injected Estradiol ben-zoate injection (0.5 mg/kg) intramuscularly every Monday,Wednesday and Friday,for 12 weeks. From the 13th week,rats in modeling group were added Progesterone injection(5 mg/kg)intramuscularly as well as relevant medicines intragastrically,once a day,until the 16th week. After administration,uterine coefficient of rats was detected. HE staining was used to observe the patho-logical changes of uterus and determine the thickness of smooth muscle;immunohistochemical staining was adopted to detect the transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3),matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11) protein expressions in uterus tissue of rats. RE-SULTS:Compared with normal group,uterine coefficient was increased in model group,pathological changes were obvious in uterus,thickness of smooth muscle was increased,TGF-β3 and MMP-11 protein expressions were enhanced(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group,above-mentioned changes were improved significantly in positive group and medicine pair decoction liquid groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Medicine pair decoction liquid of C. phaeocaulis-S. stoloniferum shows cer-tain preventive and therapeutic effect on rats with uterine myoma. The mechanism may be associated with downregulating the TGF-β3,MMP-11 protein expressions in uterus tissue.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shenfukang capsules on clinical efficacy and renal function indexes of patients with renal insufficiency. METHODS:Totally 100 inpatients with renal insufficiency treated by Shenfukang cap-sules in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University during Feb. to Mar. 2015 were analyzed retrospectively in respects of general information of patients,therapy plan,renal function indexs before and after treatment and clinical effica-cy. The relationship of clinical efficacy with age and duration was also analyzed. RESULTS:There were 33 cases of acute re-nal insufficiency and 67 cases of chronic renal insufficiency. The route of administration of Shenfukang capsules was oral ad-ministration(97 cases,97.00%),the main dosage was 6 capsule/d(36 cases,36.00%),and treatment duration were 0-<7 days(39 cases)and 7-<15 days(49 cases). After treatment,the average serum creatinine concentration was lower than be-fore treatment,while mean GFR and Ccr were higher than before treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The total response rate was 72.00%,and response rate of patients with acute renal insufficiency was 87.88% and significantly higher than 64.18% of patients with chronic renal insufficiency,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Among patients with ≤60 years old,the total response rate of patients with acute renal insufficiency was significantly higher than that of patients with chronic renal insufficiency,with statistical significance(P<0.05);among patients elder than 60 years old,there was no statistical significance in therapeutic efficacy between acute renal insufficiency and chronic renal insufficiency(P>0.05);among patients with chronic renal insufficiency,the total response rate of patients elder than 60 years old was significantly better than that of patients with ≤60 years old,with statistical significance (P<0.05). With the extension of treatment duration,the total response rate of patients with acute renal insufficiency was on the rise,and that of patients with chron-ic renal insufficiency increased first and then decreased. No obvious ADR was found during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Shenfu-kang capsules can improve renal function in patients with renal insufficiency,and has definite curative effect on acute and chronic renal insufficiency with good security. The clinical efficacy may be related to age and treatment course.

ObjectiveFrom the changes of expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in rats with traumatic brain injury under mild hypothermia treatment with Shenfu decoction as a subsidiary, to speculate the mechanism of protective effect of the decoction on the injury.Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups by random number table: non-transfection control group, adenovirus mediated immune flourescent reverse transcription virus group (blank AD5-GFP transfection group) and adenovirus mediated immune flourescent reverse transcription virus carrying CIRP silent expression gene group (AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA transfection group), 30 rats in each groups. Then, each group was subdivided into three subgroups: model group, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) low and high dose groups, 10 rats in each subgroup. After the mild hypothermia treatment for 48 hours, in the TCM low dose group and high dose group, a dose of TCM 1 mL/kg and 5 mL/kg was injected via a tail vein into the rat respectively, while in the model group, 1 mL/kg normal saline was injected into the same vein, once a day for consecutive 2 days in all the groups. Before modeling in the blank AD5-GFP transfection group and AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA transfection group, virus transfection models were reproduced at first by one-time intrathecal injection of 0.1 mL AD5-GFP and 0.1 mL (1×1010 pfu/mL) AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA virus vector respectively, and in model group, 0.1 mL normal saline was given. The rat cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus part were collected, the brain cell apoptosis was detected by transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), the CIRP mRNA expression in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus part was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expressions of rat sarcoma protein Raf, Ras, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylation ERK (p-ERK), mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK), p-MEK were determined by Western Blot.Results The brain tissue cell apoptosis indexes (AI) in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus part in TCM low, high dose group of non-transfection control and blank AD5-GFP transfection group were lower than those in model group, and the expressions of CIRP mRNA were higher than those in model group, there were no significant differences in AI and CIRP mRNA in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus between model, TCM low and high dose groups of AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA transfection group, but AI was significantly higher and CIRP mRNA was significantly lower than that in corresponding subgroups of AD5-GFP transfection control group and blank AD5-GFP transfection group. Western Blot detection showed that: Raf/Ras, p-MEK/MEK protein expressions revealed no statistical significant differences in different parts of each group (allP > 0.05), the p-ERK/ERK protein expression in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus part was significantly lower in TCM low and high dose group than that in the model group of non-transfection control group and blank AD5-GFP transfection group, the degree of descent in the TCM high dose group being more significant (the cortex: non-transfection control group was 7.2±1.0 vs. 15.3±1.8, AD5-GFP transfection group was 8.1±0.7 vs. 16.2±1.5; hippocampus part: non-transfection control group was 6.6±0.8 vs. 14.7±2.0, AD5-GFP transfection group was 6.8±1.0 vs. 14.9±1.3; hypothalamus part: non-transfection control group was 9.4±1.1 vs. 12.7±1.7, AD5-GFP transfection group was 10.6±1.3 vs. 9.4±1.1, allP < 0.05). There were no significant statistical differences in p-ERK/ERK protein expression in above brain parts between AD5-GFP-CIRP-SiRNA transfection subgroups (allP > 0.05).Conclusions The Shenfu decoction used in rats with brain trauma under treatment of mild hypothermia is possibly by promoting CIRP over-expression, lowering ERK expression and inhibiting the initiation of signal transduction of the secondary transcription factor phosphorylation, thereby the neural cell apoptosis is decreased and play a subsidiary role of anti-apoptosis of mild hypothermia.

OBJECTIVETo determine the percentage of hypercholesterolemic patients who had met the criteria as total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), defined by the Chinese National Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia.

METHODSAdult patients with hypercholesterolemia, who had been receiving the same lipid-lowering therapy for at least 2 months, were enrolled. Lipid levels were determined at the time of enrollment, to assess whether the patients' lipid levels had reached the criteria for treatment. Patients' cardiovascular risk factors and lipid-lowering treatments were also collected.

RESULTSOne hundred and eighty patients with mean age of 65.8 were studied. Of these, 6.7% had no risk factors and no definite disease of atherosclerosis (low-risk group), 65.5% had risk factors but no documented atherosclerosis (high-risk group), and 27.8% had established atherosclerosis diseases or diabetes mellitus. Overall, only 44% of patients achieved both TC and LDL-C target levels. The success rates were higher among low and high-risk groups than that among patients with atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. The relationship between four different lipid-lowering drug therapies and successful patient outcome was also investigated. The success rates were 51.8% for simvastatin, 42.9% for pravastatin, 31.6% for fluvastatin, 12.5% for other drugs respectively.

CONCLUSIONMore than half of the hypercholesterolemic patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy had not achieved TC and LDL-C target levels. Data from this study indicated that a significant gap still existed between dyslipidemia prevention principles and clinical practices, suggesting that more aggressive treatment of dyslipidemia is needed.

Aged ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective Doppler ultrasonography was used to screen the incidence of central venous catheter (CVC) thrombosis in severe patients to observe the incidences of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) at subclavian (SC) and internal jugular (IJ) venous insertion sites, and to analyze the factors affecting the thrombosis. Methods One hundred and twenty three adult patients with IJ or SC CVC admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from May to December 2015 were enrolled to be the research objects, they were divided into an IJCVC group (35 cases) and a SCCVC group (88 cases) according to different catheterization sites; they were divided into an operation group (85 cases) and a non-operation group (38 cases) according to whether operation was performed or not; and they were also divided into an anticoagulation group (25 cases) and a non-anticoagulation group (98 cases) according to whether anticoagulation therapy was used or not. Doppler ultrasonography was performed every day to observe the incidences of CRT during ICU stay. Results One hundred and twenty-three patients were included in this study. CRT was detected in 11 (8.9%) patients, with an incidence of 22.1 per 1 000 catheter-days. All the 11 cases with CRT were presented within 3 days after the insertion, with 9 cases (81.8%) on the first day and 2 cases (18.2%) on the third day. The incidence of CRT in SCCVC group was significantly lower than that in IJCVC group [5.7% (5/88) vs. 17.1% (6/35), P < 0.05], with the rates of 12.6 and 59.4 per 1 000 catheter-days, respectively. There were no statistical significant differences in the incidences of CRT between operation group and non-operation group [11.8% (10/85) vs. 2.6% (1/38)], and between anticoagulation group and non-anticoagulation group [8.0% (1/25) vs. 9.2% (2/98), both P > 0.05]. Conclusions The incidence of CRT at IJCVC site is estimated to be 3-times higher than that at SCCVC site, anticoagulants or surgical operation may have impacts on the incidence of CRT, although there were no statistically significant differences. The CRT usually occurs within 3 days after the catheter insertion. Frequent bedside ultrasonography in the first 3 days after catheterization can confirm the diagnosis and guide clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effects of single dose of cisplatin on renal interstitial fibrosis indicators in rats dynamically. METHODS: 72 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and cisplatin group, with 36 rats in each group. Normal group and cisplatin group were given equal volume of normal saline and cisplatin 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the first day, respectively. Each 6 rats were sacrificed on 8th, 14th, 30th, 50th, 60th, 90th day. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were determined, and the degree of renal tubulointerstitial injury and relative area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis were evaluated. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were determined in renal tissue. RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the serum levels of BUN and Cr, renal tubulointerstitial injury indexes, relative area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and the expression of α-SMA, Col Ⅰ and TGF-β1 in renal tissue were increased significantly (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). In cisplatin group, within the 8th-90th days, serum level of BUN in rats had no significant change; serum level of Cr, renal tubulointerstitial injury indexes, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the expression of a-SMA, Col Ⅰ and TGF-β1 in renal tissue increased first and then decreased. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of clinical dose of cisplatin can induce renal interstitial fibrosis in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the expression of TGF-β1 in renal tissue.

[Abstract ] Objective To explore the effective method of induction of Schwann cell-like differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)of adult rat in vitro.Methods Primary culture of Schwann cell and isolated culture of BMSC were separately conducted.According to different induction methods,the cells were divided into chemical induction group and co-culture induction group.The growth of Schwann cell and BMSC was observed under light microscope.These two kinds of cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining [detecting Schwann cell marker proteins:glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody and S-100 antibody] and flow cytometry.The shape and growth of cells in two groups were dynamically observed by light microscope.The induced differentiation was evaluated with immunofluorescence staining at 3 rd day after co-culture induction in the co-culture induction group and at 4 h and 1 st day after chemical induction in the chemical induction group.Results In the chemical induction group,the BMSC appeared typical Schwann cell-like morphology.The positive expression of GFAP antibody appeared at 4 h after preliminary induction.Meanwhile,the positive expression rate of GFAP and S-100 antibody was (80.9 ± 3.5)% and (59.0 ±1.1 )% at 1 st day after induction.The induced BMSC began to die at 2nd day after chemical induction and most of the induced BMSC had died at 3 rd day after chemical induction.At 3 rd day after co-culture induction,few induced BMSC showed obvious morphological changes like those in chemical induction group.The positive expression rate of GFAP and S-100 antibody was (89.8 ±2.4)% and (80.9 ±1.7)%. The positive expression rate of GFAP and S-100 antibody in the co-culture induction group was higher than those in the chemical induction group and the difference had statistical significance (all in P <0.01).Conclusions The co-culture induction not only has obvious effect on Schwann cell-like differentiation in BMSC,but also promotes the survival and proliferation of BMSC.Thus,co-culture induction is more safe and effective than chemical induction.

Objective To discuss the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)as the seed cell transplantation of tissue-engineered artificial nerve in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Methods BMSC was obtained from the bone marrow of adult rat through isolation and culture and combined with acellular nerve scaffold to construct ‘tissue-engineered artificial nerve’.After transplantation,rats were divided into two groups,the BMSC +acellular nerve conduit group(BMSC treatment group)and the empty cell conduit group(negative control group)with 5 rats in each group.Sciatic functional index (SFI)of the affected side of rats was compared between two groups at 2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks after the surgery.Moreover,the sciatic conduction,recovery rate of tricipital muscle wet weight and other repair effects of the affected side were compared between two groups at 8 weeks after the surgery.Results The indicators of BMSC treatment group, including SFI assessed at 2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks after the surgery as well as the sciatic conduction and recovery rate of tricipital muscle wet weight assessed at 8 weeks after the surgery,were better than those of the negative control group(all in P <0.05).Conclusions BMSC combined with tissue-engineered artificial nerve of acellular nerve scaffold can effectively promote nerve regeneration and function recovery.