Objective The present study was undertaken to examine the regulatory effect of endogeous sulfur dioxide (SO2) on interleukins in rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis.Methods Twenty Two male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham group (Control group),sham + SO2 donor (Na2SO3/NaHSO3,0.54 mmol/kg:0.18 mmol/kg) group (SO2 group),sepsis induced ALI group (sepsis group) and sepsis induced ALI with sulfur dioxide pretreatment group (sepsis + SO2 group).Index of quantitative assessment of histological lung injury (IQA),wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and the level of SO2 in plasma were measured.IL 6,IL 8,IL 10,MCP-1 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA.Results The IQA score and W/D ratio of lung tissues significantly increased in sepsis rats compared with control group (all P ＜ 0.01),but significantly decreased in sulfur dioxide pretreatment rats compared with in sepsis rats (all P ＜0.01).The level of SO2 in plasma decreased in sepsis rats (3.17 ± 3.44) μmol/L compared with control group (5.87 ± 1.96) μmol/L,but significantly increased in sulfur dioxide pretreatment rats (9.78 ± 3.26) μmol/L compared with in sepsis rats (P ＜0.01).The level of IL 6,IL 8,IL 10,MCP-1 and TNF-α significantly increased in sepsis rats [(87.08 ± 22.03) pg/mg,(79.82 ± 19.69) pg/mg,(66.38 ± 21.77) pg/mg,(157.58 ± 42.36) pg/mg and (65.04 ± 19.42) pg/mg,respectively] compared with control group [(47.41±9.64) pg/mg,(42.25±8.16) pg/mg,(31.96±4.63) pg/mg,(67.65±10.18) pg/mg and (33.83 ± 5.75) pg/mg] (all P ＜ 0.01).but the level of IL 6,IL 8,IL 10 significantly decreased in sulfur dioxide pretreatment rats [(66.01 ± 16.52) pg/mg,(61.52 ± 18.32) pg/mg and (45.61 ± 16.47) pg/mg,respectively] compared with sepsis group (all P ＜ 0.05).The level of MCP-1 significantly decreased in sulfur dioxide pretreatment rats (117.86 ± 34.20) pg/mgcompared with sepsis group (all P ＜0.01).The level of TNF-α decreased in sulfur dioxide pretreatment rats (61.49 ± 15.33 pg/mg) compared with sepsis group.Conclusions These results suggested that exogenous SO2 could inhibit the pulmonary tissue inflammatory response by inhibiting MCP-1 and TNF-α in rats with sepsis induced ALI.

BACKGROUND:Inflammatory factor plays an important role in restenosis after bal oon injury. Sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 can enhance the expression of inflammatory factor and promote development and progression of this pathological process.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of the inflammatory factors and sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 after bal oon injury of the rat carotid artery and effects of fingolimod hydrochloride on reducing inflammatory reaction.
METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into four groups. In the blank control group and negative control group, left common carotid artery was only isolated, and left external carotid artery was ligated. In the bal oon injury group and drug intervention group, rat models of carotid artery injury were
established by bal oon injury on the left common carotid artery. In the negative control and drug intervention groups, the rats were intraperitoneal y injected with fingolimod hydrochloride 1 mg/kg. In the blank control and bal oon injury groups, the rats were intraperitoneal y injected with an equal volume of saline. Samples were col ected at 3, 7 and 21 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the proliferation of blood vessel was remarkable in the bal oon injury group, but attenuated in the drug intervention group. The appearance of blood vessels was normal in the blank control group and negative control group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR revealed that cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the drug intervention group than those in the bal oon injury group at 7 days (P<0.05). Cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the bal oon injury group and drug intervention group than those in the blank control group and negative control group at the same time point (P<0.05). Western blot assay results revealed that sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1 expression was high in early stage of injury, and then reduced in late stage of injury. In particular, protein expression further decreased after drug intervention. Results indicated that fingolimod hydrochloride suppressed inflammatory reaction of injured blood vessels and lessened the stenosis of injured blood vessels by regulating cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 mRNA expression using sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1.

As an effective analgesic method,intrathecal analgesia has been widely accepted.Though labor analgesia could relieve the labor pain,it remains controversial about its adverse effects on labor progress and delivery outcomes.With the development of labor analgesia technique,a large number of clinical studies have suggested that the protocol,dosage and analgesic methods of local anesthesia may also affect the labor and delivery outcomes.There is a growing need to explore more optimized anesthetics and analgesic methods for clinical and scientific research.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Tolvaptan on refractory heart failure in patients aged 75 years and older.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial.A total of 68 patients with refractory heart failure aged 75 years and older were divided into the control group(n=38)and the experimental group(n=30)by randomly generated numbers.Patients in the control group were given levosimendan and recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide intravenously plus routine treatments such as diuresis and electrolyte correction.In the experimental group, 30 patients were given a single dose of 15 mg Tolvaptan per day in addition to what was received by the control group.The effects on heart failure were compared between the two groups 1 week after treatment.Changes in rehospitalization rate, emergency intervention frequency and mortality rate were recorded after a 3-month follow-up.Results:Clinical symptoms of heart failure were alleviated in both the experimental and control groups after treatment.Improvements in 24-h urine volume, body weight and 6-minute walking distance were more significant in the experimental group than in the control group after treatment[(1 470.5±200.6)ml vs.(972.5±201.7)ml, (-6.4±2.1)kg vs.(-2.8±1.9)kg, (189.3±13.7)m vs.(151.3±12.5)m, P<0.05]. Changes in serum sodium levels and improvement of LVEF were greater and reduction of N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels was more significant in the experimental group than in the control group after treatment[(5.2±2.1)μmol/L vs.(-1.1±2.4)μmol/L, (10.1±4.1)% vs.(7.0±4.0)%, (-6 670±1 815.7)ng/L vs.(-5 025.3±1 876.7)ng/L, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups( P>0.05). The experimental group had shorter hospital stays, while the rehospitalization rate, emergency intervention times and mortality had no significant difference between the two groups during the follow-up period( P>0.05). Conclusions:Addition of Tolvaptan to treatment can increase urine volume, improve cardiac function, correct hyponatremia and shorten the length of hospitalization in refractory heart failure patients aged 75 years and older with good safety and has no significant impact on renal function.

Objective To assess the influences of early implementation of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in labor on uterine myoelectrical activity and delivery outcomes. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 240 singleton cephalic primiparae with spontaneous labor at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2015 to October 2018. Those women, who were ready to accept PCEA, were randomly assigned to early- or late-PCEA group based on cervical dilation of 0-3 cm or 3-6 cm at the time of commencing PCEA, while those who refused PCEA in labor were classified as non-PCEA group. Uterine electromyographic activity and visual analogue score (VAS)were recorded before and 1 h and 2 h after PCEA. Patient satisfaction with labor, duration of the first stage of labor, volume of postpartum bleeding within 2 h after delivery and neonatal Apgar score were compared between different groups using multivariate analysis of variance, repeated measures analysis of variance, LSD-t test or Chi-square test. Results The VAS values 1 h after PCEA in the early- and late-PCEA group were both lower than that in the non-PCEA group (2.08±1.34 and 2.00±1.28 vs 7.65±1.04, LSD-t were － 27.713 and － 27.663, P<0.001) and those before PCEA (7.65±0.91 and 7.62±0.86, LSD-t were －32.879 and －33.349, P<0.001). The VAS values 2 h after PCEA in the early- and late-PCEA group were both lower than that in the non-PCEA group (1.63±1.53 and 1.41±1.56 vs 7.66±0.87, LSD-t were －27.018 and －27.823, P<0.001) and those before PCEA (LSD-t were －31.379 and －32.718, P<0.001).The patient satisfaction rate with labor was higher in the early-PCEA group comparing to the late-PCEA group [80.0% (72/90) vs 61.1% (55/90), P<0.001], and the two figures above were both higher than that of the non-PCEA group [20.0% (12/60), both P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the duration of the first stage of labor, the volume of postpartum blood loss 2 h after delivery, oxytocin usage rate, the rate of convertion to cesarean section, neonatal birth weight or Apgar score at 1 or 5 min among the three groups (all P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in uterine electromyographic parameters among the three groups before or 2 h after PCEA (all P>0.05). The number and duration of burst, power density spectrum peak frequency, root mean square and total power 1 h after PCEA in the early- and later-PCEA group were all lower than those in the non-PCEA group [4.80±2.49 and 5.54±3.04 vs 9.67±2.44; (34.41±1.21) and (36.94±1.18) vs (41.68±1.53) s; (0.36±0.08) and (0.36±0.07) vs (0.48±0.05) Hz ; (0.05±0.04) and (0.05±0.05) vs (0.07±0.05) mV; (4.33±0.51) and (5.36 ±0.59) vs (9.90±1.43) pV2; all P<0.05]. Conclusions The effect of PCEA on uterine myoelectrical activity has no association with the commencing time. While early PCEA could alleviate the labor pain as soon as possible, which enable us to improve the efficacy of labor analgesia, patient satisfaction and maternal and neonatal safety without increasing cesarean section rate.

Objective:To explore the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stressed (ER) on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation and invasion via ATG5-mediated autophagy pathway and the underlying mechanism.Methods:We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify the expression level of PERK, ATF6 and ATG5 in CRC tissues and adjacent tissues and the correlation between PERK and ATG5 expression in CRC tissues.The expression level of PERK in CRC cell lines was examined by qRT-PCR assay. Cell proliferation was quantified by CCK-8.The invasion of the cells was detected by Transwell.Western blot assay was performed to verify the levels of protein. The levels of autophagy were examined by electron microscopy.Results:PERK and ATF6 expression in CRC tissues was higher than that in the adjacent tissues and PERK expression was higher in CRC cells than intestinal mucosal cells. Expression level of PERK in CRC cell lines HCT116,SW480,HT29,LoVo and colonic mucosa cell lines FHC was 1.51±0.04,3.12±0.05,2.19±0.04,2.38±0.06 and 0.98±0.04 ( P<0.001) .The increased expression of PERK promoted CRC cell proliferation and invasion. PERK expression levels was positively associated with ATG5 expression levels ( r=0.52, P<0.001) and overexpression of PERK accelerated the protein expression of ATG5 (1.00±0.04,3.53±0.07, t=74.61, P<0.001) . ATG5 was highly expressed in CRC tissues. Overexpression of ATG5 could promote proliferation,invasion and accelerate autophagy of CRC cells (the number of autophagosomes in the blank control group,the negative control group and ATG5-Overexpression group was 4.33±1.53, 4.00±1.00, 9.67±2.52, and t=3.14,3.62, P=0.035,0.022, respectively) .ATG5 promoted colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion through autophagy pathway. Conclusion:ER stressed-CRC cells could promote CRC cell proliferation and invasion through ATG5-mediated autophagy pathway.

Microneedles have been developed rapidly in the field of transdermal administration in the past few decades. In recent years, the development of microelectronics technology has expanded the applications of microneedles by combining with microelectronic systems, especially in biological diagnosis and treatment. Different types of microneedles have been designed to extract blood and tissue fluids for detection, or as electrodes to directly detect blood sugar, melanoma and pH in real-time in vivo, both show good prospects for real-time detection applications. In this paper, we review the design of materials and structure of microelectronic-based microneedles, and discuss their advances in biological diagnosis.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Electrodes ; Microinjections ; Needles