Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) based on ISHIM sequence in the grading of astrocytic tumor.Methods We collected excised tumors confirmed by histological diagnosis from 42 patients including high-grade astrocytic tumors (10 WHO grade Ⅲ,18 WHO grade Ⅳ),and 14 low-grade astrocytic tumors (1 WHO grade Ⅰ and 13 WHO grade Ⅱ).All patients underwent conventional MR imaging,ISHIM IVIM-DWI,and contrast-enhanced MR imaging.Parameters of tumor parenchyma region,peripheral edema regions and the contralateral normal brain white matter sites were measured,and the statistical analysis was conducted.Results The D value in tumor parenchyma region was significantly lower,but the D* and f values were higher in high-grade astrocytic tumor when compared with lowgrade one and all had statistical significance;in tumor peripheral edema region,D value was lower in high-grade astrocytic tumor than that in low-grade one,and the difference had statistical significance but there was no significant difference in terms of the D* and f values.There was no significant difference of the D,D* and f values in contralateral normal brain white matter sites in both high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.Conclusion The D,D* and f values measured by ISHIM IVIM-DWI are helpful to the judgment of tumor grade and it has greatapplication value in the differential diagnosis of high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the pathological changes in the carotid artery after periodontal mechanical therapy with local and systemic drugs in SD rats with chronic periodontitis (CP) associated with atherosclerosis (As).

METHODSThirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (group A) and CP+As group (group B). Group B was further divided into the natural process group (B1), the periodontal mechanical treatment group (B2), the periodontal mechanical treatment plus local drugs group (B3), and the periodontal mechanical treatment plus local and systemic drugs group (B4). Each group comprised seven rats. Serum hsCRP levels were evaluated at baseline 1 week after the first periodontal therapy and 1, 3, and 5 weeks after the second periodontal therapy by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological lesion in the carotid artery plaque was stained with hematine and eosin.

RESULTSThe levels of serum hsCRP in group B1 increased gradually as time passed and became significantly higher than that of the other groups five weeks after periodontal therapy (P < 0.001). The levels of serum hsCRP in groups B2, B3, and B4 increased gradually and reached the peak 1 week after the second periodontal therapy. After that, the levels of serum hsCRP decreased gradually but were still higher than that of group A (P < 0.05). The levels of serum hsCRP in groups B3 and B4 were significantly lower than that in group B2 3 and 5 weeks after the second periodontal therapy (P < 0.001). Histologic sections revealed increased foam cell infiltration and disordered and destructed elastic fibers in groups B1 and B2. The thickness of the blood vessels in groups B3 and B4 was more uniform than that in groups B1 and B2. The elastic fibers in groups B3 and B4 were lined up in order.

CONCLUSIONDirect periodontal mechanical treatment results in acute, short-term, systemic inflammation and might increase the risk of atherosclerosis in SD rats. However, the levels of serum hsCRP decreased gradually 3 to 5 weeks after therapy. With periodontal mechanical treatment, the benefits of local and systemic drugs are associated with improvement in atherosclerotic lesion progression.

Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; C-Reactive Protein ; Carotid Arteries ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the effect of periodontal mechanical treatment on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and carotid artery matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression in chronic periodontitis(CP) SD rats with atherosclerosis (As).Methods Forty-four six-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group(group A),As group (group B),As + CP group (group C).According to different periodontal interventions,group C was randomly subdivided into four groups:natural process group (C 1),the periodontal mechanical treatment group (C2),the periodontal mechanical treatment + local drugs group(C3),and the periodontal mechanical treatment + local and system drugs group(C4).Each group received the appropriate treatment and periodontal interventions.Serum IL-6 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorrbent assay (ELISA).MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in the proximal aorta were examined by immunohistochemistry.Results The gray value of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was basically the same in all groups.Compared with group A,the gray value of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of group B and C were decreased.C1 group showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and fibrous cap.Compared with group B (126.4 ± 2.0,124.8 ± 2.8),the gray value of group C1 (101.3 ± 2.4,101.2 ± 4.1) was significantly weaker(P ＜ 0.05).The staining depth of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of groups C1,C2,C3 and C4 were sequentially decreased,and the differences of gray value were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum IL-6 in groups B and C1 increased gradually with time and became significantly higher than that of group A(P ＜ 0.01).The levels of serum IL-6 in groups C2,C3,and C4 increased gradually and reached the peak 5 weeks after the establishment of model (P ＜ 0.001).After that,the levels of serum IL-6 decreased gradually and was lower than baseline.The levels of serum IL-6 in groups C3 and C4 were significantly lower than that in group C2 7 weeks after the establishment of model(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions In rats with periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases,chronic periodontal inflammation may significantly increase the severity of As and promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.Mechanical periodontal therapy may cause short-term systemic inflammation and then reduce vascular inflammation in long term.With supplement use of local and systemic antibiotics,the mechanical periodontal therapy may get the vascular disease and systemic inflammation improved.

Objective To establish chronic periodontitis model in SD rats,and to investigate the effect of oral intervention on atherosclerosis.Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,group A(normal control),group B(atherosclerosis,As) and group C(chronic periodontitis,CP).Group C was further divided into group C1(natural process),group C2(simple mechanical treatment),group C3 (systemic antibiotics),group C4-1(teeth extraction) and group C4-2(teeth extraction+systemic antibiotics),each group consisted of 7 rats.Every group received oral intervention.Serum interleukin(IL)-6 levels were detected in five different time points(1,3,5,7,9 weeks after a successful modeling) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.All animals were killed after 24 weeks.Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,9 in the proximal aorta was detected by immuno histochemistry.Results The levels of serum IL-6 in groups B and C1 increased gradually with time and became significantly higher than that in group A(P＜0.01).Levels of serum IL-6 were increased gradually in each intervention group(C2,C3,C4-1,C4-2) and reached its peak at 5 weeks after modeling[C2:(62.3 ± 14.3) ng/L,C3:(58.2±8.7) ng/L,C4-1:(127.0±29.9) ng/L,C4-2:(120.6± 23.1) ng/L].Compared with group B,group C4-1 and C4-2 increased most significantly(P＜0.01).Levels of serum IL-6 decreased gradually.Eventually,group C2[(28.6± 8.1) ng/L],C3[(40.8 ± 15.1) ng/L] and C4-2 [(32.7± 11.1) ng/L] were significantly lower than group B(P＜0.05),and in group C2 IL-6 was the lowest.Although levels of serum of IL-6 significantly decreased in group C4-1[(72.8± 16.4) ng/L],but remained the highest.Immunohistochemistry showed that MMP-2,9 were expressed in group B,C 1 and C4-1,and significantly higher than in group A(183.0±2.0,181.3 ± 2.0),the gray value differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Group C4-1 (123.1 ±2.9,121.0± 3.2) was the strongest,group B (126.4±2.0,124.8 ±2.8)and C1 (140.0±2.2,139.7±3.2) were decreased (P＜0.01).While group C2(169.3±3.4,169.7±2.3),C3 (149.0±1.7,145.1±2.5) and C4-2(157.7± 1.2,155.8±2.7) were significantly lower than group C1(P＜0.01),and group C2 was close to normal.Conclusions Periodontitis could increase the risk of atherosclerosis in rats with chronic periodontitis.Periodontal mechanical treatment and teeth extraction may increase the risk of As in the short time.However,the risk would gradually reduce in a long time.

Objective To investigate the effect of tooth extraction with antibiotics on atherosclerosis, and to examine the expression of serum interleukin 6(IL-6) and the pathological changes of the carotid artery in chronic periodontitis(CP) rats with or without atherosclerosis(As).Methods A total of 44 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, group A(normal control), group B(As), group C(CP),group D(CP+As).After model establishment, group C and group D were randomly divided into group C1/D1 (tooth extraction) and group C2/D2(tooth extraction with antibiotics) according to random number table and received the corresponding oral intervention treatment respectively.Serum IL-6 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) respectively one week before the intervention, one week after the first intervention, one, three, five weeks after the second intervention.The pathological changes of the carotid artery were accessed under light microscope.Results At all sampling time points, the levels of serum IL-6 in group B, C, D were higher than that of group A, with group D 1 being increased most obviously,significantly higher than that of group A(P＜ 0.001).One week after the second intervention, the content of IL-6 in group C and group D peaked[C1(127.0±29.9) ng/L, C2: (120.6±23.1) ng/L, D1: (175.1±50.8) ng/L,D2: (160.5±37.7) ng/L], and was significantly higher than that of group B[B: (43.4±7.5) ng/L, P＜0.001].Then they all had varying degrees of decline, 5 weeks after the second intervention, group C1 and D1 were still higher than that of group B, but group C2 and D2 were lower than that of group B.At all sampling time points, the levels of serum IL-6 in group C2/D2 were lower than those in group C1/D1, 5 weeks after the second intervention the difference was most obvious and statistically significant(P＜0.001).Pathology showed that the carotid artery wall in group A was normal.The carotid artery wall was thickened in group B,inflammatory cells and foam cells could be seen, and elastic fibers disordered.The carotid artery wall in group C 1 was uneven, foam cells and a small amount of inflammatory cells were visible, and elastic fiber disordered.Obvious thickening was not seen in the carotid artery wall of group C2, a small amount of foam cells and inflammatory cells were found, and elastic fiber mildly disordered.The carotid artery wall in group D1 was obviously uneven, calcium salt deposits were visible in the artery wall, a large amount of inflammatory cells and foam cells could be found, and elastic fiber disordered.Obvious thickening was not seen in the carotid artery wall of group D2, a small amount of inflammatory cells and a large amount of foam cells could be seen, and elastic fiber disordered.Conclusions Periodontitis and hyperlipidemia could increase the level of serum IL-6 and the risk of the As.In chronic periodontitis rats with or without atherosclerosis, when periodontal inflammation was not controlled, tooth extraction may increase the risk of the As.At the time of tooth extraction, giving the anti-inflammatory treatment can reduce the risk to a certain extent.

Objective:To explore the chain mediation role of career development planning and career success in the relationship between nurses' professional values and occupational embeddedness.Methods:From February to March 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 763 nurses from ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Wenzhou as research subjects. Data were collected using a General Information Questionnaire, the Occupational Embeddedness Scale for Nurses (OESN), the Nursing Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R), the Nurses' Career Planning Questionnaire (NCPQ), and the Career Success Scale for Nurses (CSSN). Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations among the scores of OESN, NPVS-R, NCPQ, and CSSN. The AMOS 21.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model to explore the chain mediation role of career development planning and career success in the relationship between nurses' professional values and occupational embeddedness.Results:A total of 763 questionnaires were collected, with 749 valid responses, resulting in an effective recovery rate of 98.17%. The average scores for the 749 nurses were as follows: OESN (60.29±7.65), NPVS-R (108.99±11.82), NCPQ (42.98±4.44), CSSN (73.57±8.34). All four scale scores were positively correlated with each other ( P<0.05). The chain mediation effect of career development planning and career success in the relationship between nurses' professional values and occupational embeddedness was established, with the total indirect effect accounting for 46.04% (0.302/0.656) of the total effect and the chain mediation effect of career development planning and career success accounting for 10.21% (0.067/0.656) . Conclusions:The level of occupational embeddedness among nurses needs further improvement. Nurses' professional values not only directly influence their level of occupational embeddedness but also affect their career development planning, which in turn impacts their career success, ultimately exerting an indirect effect on occupational embeddedness. Nursing managers should strengthen nurses' professional values, assist them in formulating clear career development plans, and provide timely feedback and recognition of career success.

Objective:To investigate the effect of antibiotics application in perioperative period on carotid artery and serum interluekin-6 (IL-6) in chronic periodontitis (CP) rats with hyperlipidemia (HL) or diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods:The models of CP rats with HL or DM were established in different batches. The rats were divided into groups as follows: A and A' were normal control groups, n=7 in each group; B(HL) and B'(DM) were groups of HL and DM, n=7 in each; C(HL+CP) and C'(DM+CP) were groups of CP with HL and CP with DM, n=21 in each. After the establishment of the models, groups C and C' were divided into C1 and C1' non-intervention group, C2 and C2' simple tooth extraction group and C3 and C3' antibiotic-assisted tooth extraction, with 7 rats in each of the groups. Two time interventions were performed to extract experimental teeth (bilateral maxillary first and second molars) in groups C2, C2', C3 and C3'. Serum samples were collected at 5 time points before and after tooth extraction (T1: before the first tooth extraction; T2: one week after the first tooth extraction; T3, T4, T5: the first, third and fifth week after the second tooth extraction), respectively. The absolute content of IL-6 in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ratio of the absolute content in the experimental groups and control groups were calculated as the relative content of IL-6. At the end of the experiments, all rats were euthanasia and the bifurcation vascular tissues of carotid artery were collected for the observation of the carotid artery pathology and plaque formation and the measurement of the thickness of carotid intimal-medial layer (IMT). Results:Carotid artery pathology observation showed the IMT in group C was significantly thickened and the group C2 was the most thickened one (compared with group A, P＜0.01). Elastic fibers in groups C1 and C2 were disordered or even broken and disappeared, presenting typical atherosclerotic plaques, which were diffuse calcium salt deposits in the intimal-medial layers and protrude into the lumen. Elastic fibers in group C3 were ranged in ordered relatively without obvious fracture and the number of plaques was significantly reduced. The vascular walls in rats of groups B' and C' were incomplete, the IMTs had no obvious changes, elastic fibers were ranged disorderly and broken and the smooth muscle cells had vacuolar changes. In group C2', the vascular wall was significantly thinned and calcified plaques appeared in the artery, which showed multiple calcification lesions penetrating through the intimal-medial layer or even the whole layer. The vascular wall of group C3' was integrity and the elastic fibers arranged relatively clutter-free, the number of plaques was reduced. Results of detections of IL-6 showed the relative contents of IL-6 in groups B, B', C1, and C1' increased with time. At T3 time point, the relative contents of IL-6 in groups C2 and C3 reached the peak, C2 was 10.4 times of group A and C3 was 9.5 times of group A, and then decreased to different low levels. At T5 point, comparisons of the relative contents of IL-6 showed C3 < C2 < C1 (3.2 times, 5.4 times, 9.6 times of group A, respectively). The relative contents of IL-6 in groups C2' and C3' reached the peak at T2 point (4.9 times and 4.5 times of group A, respectively), and then decline with time. At T5 point, comparisons of the relative contents of IL-6 showed C3'< C2'< C1' (1.2 times, 1.4 times and 3.1 times of group A, respectively). Conclusions:Blood vessels were observed more obvious thickened in the tooth extraction without antibiotic of HL+CP rats with calcifications increase. Blood vessels of DM+CP rats became thin and fragile and even the integrity was damaged. Perioperative use of antibiotics might reduce the carotid artery lesions and decrease serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.