Objective To investigate the preparation technique and optimal formulation of Breviscapine Chitosan-alginate Microcapsula. Methods Breviscapine Chitosan-alginate Microcapsula was prepared by coacervate technology. The orthogonal test design by adopting the standard of drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading was applied to obtain the optimal formulation of the microcapsula. Results The result showed that the optimal formulation was that Na-alginate 25 mg/mL, chitosan 2 mg/mL, CaCl2 0.2 mol/L, and Na-alginate-Breviscapine 1∶1. Conclusion The preparation procedure is simple, feasible, stable, and repeatable.

Objective To systematically evaluate the incidences of complications of high frequency oscillatory ventilation ( HFOV) and conventional mechanical ventilation ( CMV ) in premature infants. Method Randomized controlled trials of HFOV and CMV in premature infants published in databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI Database, Wanfang Database, Weipu Chinese Sci－Tech Periodical Database were searched.The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to January 2018.The quality of the literature were evaluated , and Stata 15.0 statistical software was used for meta－analysis.Result A total of 18 articles and 3 888 premature infants were included in the study , including 1 910 in the HFOV group and 1 978 in the CMV group.No significant differences were found in the incidences of in－hospital mortality, air leakage syndromes , retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),≥grade 3 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA) requiring medication or surgery ( P ＞0.05 ).The incidences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (RR ＝0.90,95%CI 0.83 ～0.98),≥grade 2 ROP (RR ＝0.78, 95%CI 0.63～0.96) and pulmonary hemorrhage (RR＝0.63, 95%CI 0.47～0.85) in HFOV group was significantly lower than the CMV group (P＜0.05).In the subgroup analysis, the results of the researches in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s showed that no significant differences existed in in－hospital mortality between the HFOV group and the CMV group on ventilator pressure control mode and volume control mode (P＞0.05).Conclusion Current evidences suggested that comparing with CMV , the application of HFOV in preterm infants might reduce the incidences of BPD ,≥grade 2 ROP and pulmonary hemorrhage.

BACKGROUNDTo explore the therapeutic effect of bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy for lung cancer with malignant hydrothorax.

METHODSSeventy-five lung cancer patients with malignant hydrothorax were randomly divided into the two groups: 38 patients were given intrathoracic chemotherapy and bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy as observing group; 37cases only received intrathoracic chemotherapy as control group. Chi-square assay was performed to analyze the efficacy (responses for lung cancer and hydrothorax control) after the first course of treatment and the 1-, 2-year survival rates in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter the first course of treatment, the total responses for lung cancer were 31.58% (12/38) and 5.41% (2/37) in the observing group and control group (Chi-square=8.46, P < 0.01) respectively ; and responses for hydrothorax control were 86.84% and 64.86% respectively (Chi-square= 4.96, P <0.05). The 1- and 2-year survival rates in the observing group were 65.79% (25/38) and 26.32% (10/38) respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (40.54% and 5.41%) respectively (Chi-square=4.80, P <0.05; Chi-square=6.10, P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe intrathoracic chemotherapy combined with bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy and immunotherapy is quite effective in the treatment of lung cancer with malignant hydrothorax.

The concept of theranostics, where individual patient-level biological information is used to choose the optimal therapy for that individual, has become more popular in the modern era of ‘personalised’ medicine. With the growth of theranostics, nuclear medicine as a specialty is uniquely poised to grow along with the ever-increasing number of concepts combining imaging and therapy. This special report summarises the status and growth of Theranostic Nuclear Medicine in Singapore.We will cover our experience with the use of radioiodine, radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, prostate specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy, radium-223 and yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy.We also include a section on our radiopharmacy laboratory, crucial to our implementation of theranostic principles. Radionuclide theranostics has seen tremendous growth and we hope to be able to grow alongside to continue to serve the patients in Singapore and in the region.
Hope ; Humans ; Lutetium ; Membranes ; Nuclear Medicine ; Prostate ; Radium ; Receptors, Peptide ; Singapore ; Theranostic Nanomedicine ; Yttrium

The concept of theranostics, where individual patient-level biological information is used to choose the optimal therapy for that individual, has become more popular in the modern era of ‘personalised’ medicine. With the growth of theranostics, nuclear medicine as a specialty is uniquely poised to grow along with the ever-increasing number of concepts combining imaging and therapy. This special report summarises the status and growth of Theranostic Nuclear Medicine in Singapore.We will cover our experience with the use of radioiodine, radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, prostate specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy, radium-223 and yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy.We also include a section on our radiopharmacy laboratory, crucial to our implementation of theranostic principles. Radionuclide theranostics has seen tremendous growth and we hope to be able to grow alongside to continue to serve the patients in Singapore and in the region.