PurposeThere is a certain correlation between parameters of CT perfusion imaging and pathological type and angiogenesis in lung cancer, in order to discuss the value of CT perfusion imaging parameters such as blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), time to peak (TTP) and peak enhancement image (PEI) for prognosis, this study is designed to observe the relationship between the parameters of CT perfusion imaging and micro lymphovascular density (MLVD) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and Methods 100 patients were enrolled in the study, all of them underwent CT perfusion imaging and 60 were diagnosed NSCLC by pathology, immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expressions of MLVD of the 60 NSCLC, and the correlation analyses were carried out to determine the relationship between CT perfusion imaging and MLVD.Results The expression of MLVD was the most in the peripheral tissue of cancer (25.16±1.28), the next in the cancer tissue (16.38±3.58), and the least in the normal lung tissue (7.56±4.38), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was positive correlation between MLVD with BF and BV of the tumor (r=0.643 and 0.598, P<0.01).Conclusion Some parameters of CT perfusion imaging are correlated with MLVD, the invasion and metastasis in lung carcinoma can be predicted to some extent according to this correlation. Parameters of CT perfusion imaging such as BF and BV are correlated with MLVD in patients with NSCLC, thus can be used to predict the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and the mi-crovessel density (MVD)with multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging.Methods 80 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules under-went perfusion scan by 16-slice spiral CT.Among them,45 diagnosed as lung cancer by pathology were enrolled in the study.After surgery,the slice of the pecimen was selected similar to the corresponding slice of CT images,and the immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of VEGF and the MVD.Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the rela-tionship of expression of VEGF and the MVD with CT perfusion parameters.Results There was more expression of VEGF and the MVD in NSCLC.There were positive correlations between VEGF,MVD and BF (both P<0.05).The peak enhancement image (PEI)and TTP have significant correlations with MVD (P<0.05).Conclusion Some parameters of lung CT perfusion imaging are correlated with MVD and VEGF.

COVID-19 outbroke in 2019 and rapidly spread around the world. In order to prevent the occurrence of COVID-19 infection and reduce the number of critically ill patients, COVID-19 vaccination has become an important means. Patients with epilepsy are very concerned about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine and the possible impact of the vaccine on seizures. This review summarizes some of the current evidence on the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with epilepsy, including the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as the impact of vaccination on seizures of epilepsy patients, so as to improve the understanding of clinicians and patients, bring more confidence to epilepsy patients to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine, and prevent COVID-19 infection.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of 3D ultrasound calibration in image guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer by taking cone beam CT calibration as the gold standard, and to analyze the risk factors of accuracy.Methods:From December 2018 to December 2021, 51 patients with prostate cancer from the Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were selected as the study subjects. They received cone beam CT calibration based on bone and 3D ultrasound calibration based on soft tissue before fraction volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment three times a week. Taking cone beam CT calibration data as the gold standard, the Bland-Altman method was used to analyze the consistency of 3D ultrasound calibration data with the former. Taking 3 mm as the allowable threshold of accuracy, the calibration accuracy of 3D ultrasound relative to cone beam CT was evaluated. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the accuracy of 3D ultrasound calibration.Results:A total of 765 pairs of cone beam CT and 3D ultrasound calibration data were obtained from 51 patients in left-right, superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions. The calibration data of 3D ultrasound and cone beam CT were (1.39±0.11) and (1.13±0.07) mm in the left-right direction, (1.98±0.20) and (1.61±0.12) mm in the superior-inferior direction, (2.68±0.48) and (1.78±0.27) mm in the anterior-posterior direction, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( t=-6.42, P<0.001; t=-7.07, P<0.001; t=-7.34, P<0.001). The analysis results of Bland-Altman showed that the consistency of calibration data of the two methods were acceptable in three directions. The number of pairs of 3D ultrasound relative to cone beam CT calibration data difference <3 mm in the three directions were 676 (88.37%) on the left-right direction, 604 (78.95%) on the superior-inferior direction, and 577 (75.42%) on the anterior-posterior direction. The factors with statistically significant differences in the left-right direction included age ( χ2=18.27, P<0.001), prostate volume ( χ2=14.55, P<0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ( χ2=8.01, P=0.005) and field range ( χ2=11.30, P<0.001). Age ( OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.90-3.39, P=0.010) and the field range ( OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.18-2.55, P=0.020) were the independent risk factors affecting the accuracy of 3D ultrasound calibration in the left-right direction. The factors with statistically significant differences in the superior-inferior direction included age ( χ2=80.68, P<0.001), body mass index ( χ2=35.89, P<0.001) and field range ( χ2=40.39, P<0.001). Age ( OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.15-2.09, P=0.021) and the field range ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.90, P=0.034) were the independent risk factors affecting the accuracy of 3D ultrasound calibration in the superior-inferior direction. The factors with statistically significant differences in the anterior-posterior direction included age ( χ2=46.07, P<0.001), CCI ( χ2=47.97, P<0.001) and field range ( χ2=11.86, P=0.001). Age ( OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.22-3.45, P=0.015) and the field range ( OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.45-3.90, P=0.001) were the independent risk factors affecting the accuracy of 3D ultrasound calibration in the anterior-posterior direction. Conclusion:The consistency and accuracy of the calibration results of 3D ultrasound relative to cone beam CT are acceptable. It is necessary to consider the patient's age and field range to reduce the impact on accuracy before conducting 3D ultrasound calibration.