OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the reform of the postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree. METHODS:Domestic literatures about postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree from 2010 to 2013 were searched and combined with the current education situation in China to conclude and summarize the existing problems and reform strategy. RESULTS:Postgraduate education mode of pharmaceutical professional degree in China was still in the explor-atory stage,with shortage of teachers,unreasonable courses,unsound educational structure,nonsupport of the students,imperfec-tion evaluation systems,and so on. Further promoting the reform of postgraduate education mode needs to strengthen teacher teams ’construction,implement cooperative training;improve training program and teaching courses;strengthen dissertation applica-tion-oriented and practice base construction;fully mobilize the enthusiasm and motivation of students;promote the connection of pharmaceutical professional training and vocational qualifications;and improve the quality assurance systems. CONCLUSIONS:Further implementation of postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree and postgraduate education of pharma-ceutical professional degree can train the applied talents that meet social needs,improve employment rate of postgraduates and re-duce waste of educational resources.

Objective:To explore the mode,methods,and attentive problems of the network teaching carried out during the standardized training in residents.Methods:The project of carrying out network teaching during the standardized training in residents was considered comprehensively from various angles,such as teaching mode,teacher training,construction of the network teaching system and resources base,teaching management in specialized course.Conclusion:It is very necessary and helpful to develop network teaching during the standardized training in residents.The course of network teaching should be student-oriented,carried out to improve their self-educated ability and to assure mastery of professional theory and knowledge.

Objective:To study the change of bifrontal metabolite concentration in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its relationship with substantia alba demyelination using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) combined with linear combination of model (LCModel) quantitative technique.Methods:From May 2016 to December 2018, 25 patients with MCI (group A; 12 males, 13 females, age (60.5±5.2) years) and 15 healthy control subjects (group B; 6 males, 9 females, age (59.5±3.5) years) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were prospectively enrolled. The MCI patients were classified into 2 subgroups according to MRI results: group A1 with substantia alba demyelination (7 males, 4 females, age (62.1±3.9) years) and group A2 without substantia alba demyelination (5 males, 9 females, age (59.2±5.8) years). Software LCModel was used to quantitatively analyze the MRS original data and measure the absolute concentration of N-acetylaspartate compound (NAA), creatine compound (Cr), choline-containing compound (Cho), myoinositol (mI) and ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, mI/Cr, NAA/mI in bilateral frontal lobe. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the inter-group differences of the above parameters, while Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze correlations between the above parameters and cognitive function scores. Results:Compared with group B, group A had higher mI of both left and right frontal lobes (left: (5.19±1.28) vs (4.32±0.83), right: (4.87±1.11) vs (3.85±0.98); t values: 2.34, 2.93, both P<0.05); the mI/Cr of right frontal lobe in group A was also higher (1.19±0.31 vs 0.98±0.25; t=2.21, P<0.05), while the NAA/mI of right frontal lobe was lower (1.37±0.34 vs 1.78±0.47; t=-3.16, P<0.01). Differences of other parameters between group A and group B, and those between group A1 and group A2 were not significantly different ( t values: -1.70 to 1.35, all P>0.05). The mI of right frontal lobe was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score( r values: -0.35, -0.38, both P<0.05), on the contrary, NAA/mI of right frontal lobe was positively correlated with the cognitive function scores ( r values: 0.43, 0.40, both P<0.05). Conclusion:MCI may be related to the loss or dysfunction of neurons in the right frontal lobe, and MRS can provide theoretical basis for early recognition of MCI to some extent.

Objective To investigate the training demaneds of nursing administrators in Dongguan district. Method A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigaste 744 nursing supervisors from 68 hospitals in Dongguan. Results Among them, master,bachelor and primary professional title account for 1.35%,60.35%and 30.25%respectively, Risk and crisis manngement and quality control are the main training demands.The influencing factors are as follows,funds,time and supports from leaders or/and by on-the-spot visits.Conclusion The training for the nursing administrators should be need-oriented in different forms.

Objective:To study the application of direct immunofluorescence in detecting RSV antigen in children respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)pneumonia.Methods:Multi-center,block randomization,parallel control clinic tests were adopted.To use Qingkailing Injection and Ertongqingfei Oral Liquid as test group and ribavirin injection and Compound Guaiacol Potassium Sulfonale Oral Solution as control group for treating accumulation of phlegm-heat in lung syndrome in children RSV pneumonia.Direct immuno uorescence was used to detect RSV turning to negative in different period in treatment time.Results:The time of turning to negative of test group was earlier than the control group's.In the case of 208 include 108 in the test group and 98 in the control group,it had statistic significance(P0.05).Conclusion:Detection of RSV antigen by direct immuno uorescence is simple,stable,sensitive and special.It is better in choosing clinical case and tracing clinical effect and should be widely applied in clinic.

Objective To investigate effects of exogenous sonic hedgehog (Shh) on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in ependymal area and recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats.Methods Fifty-five female SD rats were involved in the study:five were selected as normal control group and fifty as Shh group (n =25) and SCI group (n =25) after being subjected to SCI at T10 segment using the modified Allen' s method according to the random number table.At 1,3,7,14,and 28 days after operation,restoration of hindlimb motor function of SD rats was assessed with modified Tarlov scale and changes of double positive cells of Brdu and Nestin with double-stained immunofluorescence.Results Tarlov scale revealed statistical difference between Shh and SCI groups since days 7 postoperatively (P ＜ 0.05).In the double-staining test,number of double positive cells of Brdu and Nestin was greater in Shh Group than in SCI Group since day 3 postoperatively [(97.20 ± 18.23) vs (72.60± 15.60),(153.60 ±25.76) vs (112.20 ±23.63),(133.80 ±21.02) vs (94.20± 18.70),(89.80 ± 15.42) vs (43.40 ± 10.62),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Exogenous Shh is conducive to the proliferation of ependymal NSCs and the recovery of motor function in SCI rats.

Based on the competition reaction of target protein, aptamer probe, padlock probe and complementary sequence, a highly sensitive fluorescent aptasensor was developed in this study in combination with rolling circle amplification. In the absence of target protein, the ligation-rolling circle amplification reaction was repressed because the complementary sequence hybridized with aptamer probe to form double-stranded duplex. While in the presence of target protein, the target molecules bound specifically with aptamer probe, inducing displacement of the complementary sequence and hybridization with padlock probe. The padlock probe was circularized with the assistance of E. coli DNA ligase, and the rolling circle amplification process could be accomplished by Phi 29 DNA polymerase. The amplification product contained thousands of repeated sequences which could hybridize with the loop of molecular beacon ( the detection probes) , resulting in a significant fluorescence signal. The effects of length of complementary DNA ( CDNA ) sequence and concentration of padlock probe were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the model target protein thrombin could be highly sensitively detected by the proposed aptasensing system in a linear range of 0 . 067-32 . 4 nmol/L with a detection limit of 0 . 03 nmol/L ( approximately 90 amol target molecules). Moreover, the presented sensing method was universal for other target analysis by skillfully design of the sequence of aptamer probe and related oligonucleotides.

Objective To summarize the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of dysuria within 6 months after the suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy. Methods Twenty-four cases were retrospectively reviewed,including the data on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Results Twenty-one of the 24 cases had received surgery. There were 9 cases with bladder neck stricture,9 cases with posterior urethra stricture and 3 cases with of remnant glands. Nine cases received transurethral bladder neck incision, 9 received open surgery ( bladder neck,posterior urethral incision) and 3 received transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) plus bladder neck incision. The other 3 diagnosed as detrusor weakness were conservatively treated by indwelling catheter and they were improved one months later. None of these patients was readmitted into hospital for dysuria within 6 months after treatment. Conclusion The recurrence of dysuria post prostatectomy mostly ( 75% ) occurred within 6 months after surgery. A majority of these patients need a second surgery. To avoid a second surgery for postoperative dysuria, much attention should be paid to the operating technique and postoperative management.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenesis and prognosis of transformation of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).Methods:The diagnosis and treatment process of a patient transferred from PMF to B-ALL in Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University in November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was a 64-year-old female, she was initially diagnosed with PMF, and then she developed B-ALL 17 months later after receiving treatment of prednisone, danazole, levamisole, aspirin, thalidomide and jaktinib. After induction therapy, the patient received 8 months of continuous remission, and then the reexamination showed relapse. There was no remission after reinduction therapy. The patient gave up treatment and was discharged 2 months later. JAK2 V617F gene mutation was positive before and after leukemia transformation.Conclusions:The patients with transformation of PMF to B-ALL have poor clinical prognosis and short survival time. The possible mechanism of its transformation may be related to additional genetic events or certain high-risk genes. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear, and further investigation of the etiology is needed to seek targeted treatment.

Objective To survey the prevalence of greenhouse farmer's lung and related risk factors in part of rural areas of Liaoning Province.Methods Using uniform scheme,procedures and questionnaire,a survey for 5420 farmers(2660 men and 2760 women)with complete data who work inside greenhouses was performed in Shenyang,Xinmin,Chaoyang,and Jinzhou between August 2006 and June 2009.Pulmonary function tests was performed for every active farmer.Results Greenhouse farmer's lung was diagnosed in 308 cases,205 men(66.55%,205/308)and 103 women(33.44%,103/308),a prevalence of 5.7%(308/5420).The prevalence rate of greenhouse farmer's lung in males was significantly higher than that in females(?2=39.93,P0.05).In the 308 cases,the number of patiernts presented with fever chill,cough/sputum,chest tightness/shortness of breath were 180(58.44%),192(62.34%),160(51.95%)respectively,and the number of crepitations,radiological changes,spirometry abnormalities and serum IgE antibodies(+)was 164(53.25%),153(49.68%),147(47.73%)and 136(44.16%)at the time of the study.62.34%(192/308)of patients with greenhouse farmer's lung were mild and 38.66%(116/308)were severe.Conclusion The total prevalence rate of greenhouse farmer's lung in part of rural areas of Liaoning Province was 5.7% and multiple risk factors were associated with the disease.