Objective:To study the biotransformation rule of the chemical components of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves tranformed by submerged fermentation of ganoderma lucidum,and to lay the foundation for further development and research of the medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves.Methods:The total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves were fermented by ganoderma lucidum,the changes of chemical components before and after fermentation were measured by thin-layer chromatography;the levels of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves before and after fermentation were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry;the levels of ginsenoside Rb1,Rg3,Rd,CK,Re,Rg,and Rh1 before and after fermentation were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.The human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were divided into blank control group,low,medium and high doses of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves groups and medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves groups.The dosages of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves and medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves were 5,10 and 20 mg·L-1,respectively.The inhibitory rate(IR) of the cells was determined by MTT assay.Results:The results of thin-layer chromatography showed that the saponins before and after fermentation occured mutual transformation;the levels of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves before and after fermentation were 749.98 and 602.26 mg·g-1,respectively;the levels of panaxadiol saponins Rb1,Rg3,Rd and CK before fermentation were 24.54,2.21,87.22 and 0 mg·g-1,and the levels of panaxatriol saponins Re,Rg and Rh1 were 151.34,77.02,and 3.06 mg·g-1.After fermentation,the level of Rb1 was decreased by 61.45%,the levels of Rg3,Rd and CK were increased by 238.91%,34.43% and 268.00%.The levels of Re and Rg1 were decreased by 63.75% and 64.41%,and the level of Rh1 was increased by 408.88%;the IR of the SMMC-7721 cells in medium dose of medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves group was higher than that in medium dose of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves group(P<0.05);the IR of the SMMC-7721 cells in high dose of medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves group was higher than that in high dose of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves group(P<0.01).Conclusion:The total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves transformed by the submerged fermentation of ganoderma lucidum can significantly change its chemical components,which have stronger anti-proliferation activity in the SMMC-7721 cells.

Objective To investigate the basic status and the 15 quality indicators in clinical laboratory of medical institutionin in Qinghai provinces, and to understand the quality status.Methods Clinet-EQA system was applied by Qinghai Center for Clinical Laboratories to provide the electronic questionnaire for the clinical laboratory of 106 medical institutions in April 2016 and report related results online.The software of Clinet-EQA system and SPSS13.0 were used for 15 quality indicators for statiatical analysis,13 indicators expressed in rate were further evaluated with sigma scales.Results Totally 102 laboratories returned questionnaires, the rate was of 96.2%.8/13 quality indicators of the overall sigma levels were all >3.The average level of 4 quality indicators such as the sample type error rate was slightly lower than the national.Comparison of the 4 quality indicators of each grade hospital in Qinghai and the same grade hospital in the national, secondary hospital in clinical chemistry, immunology, clinical examination,microbiology in the four major performed better than tertiary hospital.In routine examination, pre-analytical TAT average level of clinical chemistry and immunology was about 50 min,and of blood,urine and stool was 45 min.Pre-analytical TAT in emergency examination for all four disciplines were about 15 min.Intra-analytical TAT for clinical chemistry was the longest,which was 120 min for routine examination and 40 min for emergency examination,respectiely.The average level of the median TAT of blood,urine and stool in routine examination of Intra-analytical in Qinghai was longer than the national.For example of clinical chemistry, routine examination both in pre-analytical TAT and in Intra-analytical TAT was statistically significant in different scales of laboratories,and emergency examination in pre-analytical TAT and in Intra-analytical TAT was not statistically significant.Conclusions 4/13 quality indicators which expressed in rate in the average level in Qinghai province were lower than the national,the average level of the median TAT of blood,urine and stool in routine examination of Intra-analytical in Qinghai was longer than the national.The laboratory should focus on the weak links and continue improvement.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of combination therapy of selenium yeast and levothyroxine sodium in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis(CLT). Methods: A total of 96 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with CLT who admitted to Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2017 to December 2018 were randomly divided into control group and treatment group according to the digital table, with 48 patients in each group.On the basis of stable blood sugar control, the control group received routine treatment with levothyroxine sodium tablets.The treatment group was given selenium yeast on the basis of the control group.The blood glucose, thyroid, clinical efficacy within 3 months of treatment were recorded. Results: The total effective rate of the study group was 95.83%(46/48), which was significantly higher than 68.75%(33/48) of the control group(χ²=12.080, P<0.05). The levels of blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(all P<0.05), and the levels of C-peptide in the fasting and postprandial 2h were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=4.927-8.725, all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum selenium level in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the serum TPOAb and TGAb levels were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=17.264-27.032, all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in serum TSH, FT₃ and FT₄ levels between the two groups(t=0.704-1.926, all P>0.05). Conclusion The clinical efficacy of selenium yeast and levothyroxine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with CLT is significantly better than traditional treatment.

We have investigated the degradation of pure Polycaprolactone (PurePCL) and chitin short fiber reinforced Polycaprolactone composite (SFRP) in vitro in order to provide useful scientific basis for clinical application. PurePCL, SFRP and DL-PLA were immersed in 0.9% NaCL solution for periods of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks. Then pH values in immersing solution, weight loss and mechanical properties of tested materials were measured and SEM was used to study the change of the materials in the process of degradation. It was shown that the initial strength of SFRP was much higher than that of PurePCL. In the process of degradation of SFRP, the pH values maintained weak acid or remianed neutral. The rate of weight loss of SFRP was faster than that of PurePCL, but slower than that of DL-PLA. The strength and modulus of SFRP did not change much in 24 weeks, compared with the initial ones. In conclusion, the composites have excellent properties and may be optimal for clinical use in reconstruction of chest wall defects as well as in internal fixation of bone fracture.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Chitin ; chemistry ; Composite Resins ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Prostheses and Implants

Chitin short fiber reinforced polycaprolactone composite was prepared by melting blending method. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of pure polycaprolactone and of chitin short fiber reinforced polycaprolactone composite were investigated in order to provide useful scientific basis for clinical application. The biocompatibility of pure polycaprolactone and that of chitin short fiber reinforced polycaprolactone composite were evaluated by a series of tests, including cytotoxicity test in vitro, acute systemic toxicity test, hemolysis test, pyrogen test and sensitivity test. The results showed that the cytotoxicity scores of the two materials were grade 0 and the growth and proliferation of the cultured cells were not significantly inhibited by the two materials. There were no potential allergic materials in the composites and the maceration extract showed no hemolytic reaction, no acute systemic toxicity and no pyrogen reaction. We conclude that the composites have fine biocompatibility and are safe for clinical use in the reconstruction treatment for chest wall defect.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Chitin ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Polyesters ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the mechanism of sinapic acid （SA）against PC 12 cell injury induced by Amyloid β1-42 protein（Aβ1-42）based on PI 3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. METHODS：PC12 cells of rats were randomly divided into control group，Aβ group（Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L），Aβ+SA group（Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L+SA100 μmol/L），Aβ+SA+LY group [Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L+SA 100 μmol/L+LY294002（PI3K inhibitor ）10 μmol/L]，Aβ+LY group（Aβ1-42 2 μmol/L+LY294002 10 μmol/L）and LY group （LY294002 10 μmol/L）. Except for control group and LY group ，the cells of other groups were replicated the damage model with Aβ1-42. After 24 hours of culture ，the morphology of cells was obsened in each group with a microscope ，and MTT assay was adopted to determine the cell viability of PC 12 cells in each group. Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression of PI 3K，p-PI3K， Akt，p-Akt，GSK3β and p-GSK3β in cells of each group. RESULTS：Compared with control group ，the number of cells decreased and some synaptic breaks disappeared in Aβ group while cell viability，ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK 3β/GSK3β in Aβ group were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with Aβ group，the cells became round and synapses became more in Aβ+SA group while cell viability，the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK 3β/GSK3β were increased significantly（P＜0.05）. Compared with Aβ+SA group，some synaptic breaks occurred in Aβ+SA+LY group while cell viability， the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK 3β/GSK3β were decreased significantly（P＜0.05）；Aβ+LY group had more cell debris，and t he cell viability was decreased ，but the difference was not significant ，and the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK3 β/GSK3 β had no significant change （P＞0.05）; LY294002 alone had no significant effect on morphology ，cellviability and the ratio of p-PI 3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt or p-GSK 3β/ GSK3 β （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ： SA may play aprotective role against PC 12 cell injury induced by A β 1-42 through activating PI 3K/Akt/GSK-3β.

To analyze the incidence and imaging characteristics of pulmonary nodules in a unit staff.
 Methods: Low-dose spiral CT (LDCT) scan were performed in 1 372 staffs ≥45 years old in a certain unit during the physical examination. The clinical and imaging data were collected to analyze the detection rate, imaging characteristics, and postoperative pathological conditions of pulmonary nodules.
 Results: The total detection rate for pulmonary nodules was 30.39% (417/1 372). The detected nodules were mainly single (227 cases), solid (343 cases), <5 mm in diameter (261 cases), and Lung-Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) category 2 nodules (340 cases). The single nodules were mostly found in the right upper lung (74 cases, 32.60%). The detection rate of pulmonary nodules tended to decrease but the detection rate of category 4 nodules increased with the increasing age (P<0.05), while the gender had no significant influence on the detection rate (P>0.05). Compared with the Lung-RADS category 3 nodules, the proportions of nodules in subsolid state, with irregular shape, lobulation sign, and vascular penetration in the Lung-RADS category 4 were increased (all P<0.05). Among them, 11 patients received surgical therapy, including 10 women. Postoperative pathology confirmed lung adenocarcinoma in 9 patients (2.16%), including 8 women, all non-smokers.
 Conclusion: The nodules in subsolid state with vascular penetration, irregular shape and lobulation sign tend to be malignant. Lung cancer screening with low-dose spiral CT in female non-smokers should be emphasized.
Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

MicroRNA-132 (miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain. Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 expression in cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) and the adult brain of rodents, little is known about its role in opioid addiction. So, we set out to determine the effect of miR-132 on differentiation of the NSCs and whether this effect is involved in opioid addiction using the rat morphine self-administration (MSA) model. We found that miR-132 overexpression enhanced the differentiation of NSCs in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, specific overexpression of miR-132 in NSCs of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) during the acquisition stage of MSA potentiated morphine-seeking behavior. These findings indicate that miR-132 is involved in opioid addiction, probably by promoting the differentiation of NSCs in the adult DG.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dentate Gyrus ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley