Ribs were obtained from 110 individuals undergoing thoracostomy. Bone marrow from these ribswas cultured on agar plates. The average number of cell colonies formed on the agar plates was 164?10.4/2?105 nucleated cells (33.4+-571.6/2?105 nucleated cells). Factors which might affect theculture were counting method for the mono-nucleated cells, the method of cell separation, and the use of horse serum.

Objective In order to understand the current management status on education/ training and needs for training among new employees working at the provincial CDC in China during 2012-2014,so as to provide basis for setting up related programs at the CDC levels.Methods Based on data gathered through questionnaire surveys run by CDCs from 32 provincial and 5 specifically-designated cities,microsoft excel was used to analyze the current status on management of education and training,for new employees.Results There were 156 management staff members working on education and training programs in 36 CDCs,with 70％ of them having received intermediate or higher levels of education.Large differences were seen on equipment of training hardware in different regions.There were 1 214 teaching staff with 66 percent in the fields or related professional areas on public health,in 2014.5084 new employees conducted pre/post training programs,from 2012 to 2014 with funding as 750 thousand RMB Yuan.99.5％ of the new employees expressed the needs for further training while.74％ of the new staff members expecting a 2-5 day training program to be implemented.79％ of the new staff members claimed that practice as the most appropriate method for training.Conclusions Institutional programs set for education and training at the CDCs need to be clarified,with management team organized.It is important to provide more financial support on both hardware,software and human resources related to training programs which are set for new stuff members at all levels of CDCs.

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients often exhibit peritoneal metastasis, which negatively impacts their prognosis. CD31 and D2-40 have recently been suggested to be predictors of breast cancer prognosis, but their role in colorectal peritoneal metastasis (CRPM) remains unknown. Methods: The expression profiles of CD31 and D2-40 were analyzed in CRC patients with or without CRPM and in CRC cell lines with increasing metastatic potential. Overexpression and short hairpin RNA knockdown assays were performed in CRC cells, and the effects of these alterations on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, growth of xenograft tumors in vivo, and peritoneal metastasis potential in a mouse model of CRPM were examined. Results: The expressions of CD31 and D2-40 were upregulated in CRC tumor tissues and was elevated further in tumor tissues from patients with CRPM. CD31 and D2-40 expression levels exhibited increasing trends parallel to the EMT potential of CRC cells. CD31 and D2-40 are essential for CRC cell EMT in vitro as well as for xenograft tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis in vivo. Conclusions CD31 and D2-40 contribute to CRPM by promoting EMT and may serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC, particularly in patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Objective:To investigate the status of satisfaction of postgraduates majoring in public health with the teaching material of The prevention and control of chronic non- communicable disease, so as to provide the basis for promoting the teaching and optimizing the reprint of the teaching material. Methods:An online survey was conducted among 180 public health postgraduates of Batch 2018 to Batch 2020 from China CDC who took the selective course of "prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases". The survey content included the overall satisfaction of the respondents with the teaching material and such four levels of satisfaction as primary indicators at the content level, thinking level, motivation level and arrangement level and 20 secondary indicators. The statistical analysis was made by SPSS 25.0.Results:The effective response rate was 90.56% (163/180), and the overall satisfaction of postgraduates with the teaching material was 88.96%. The satisfaction of "scientificity", "comprehensiveness", "internal coordination" and "hierarchy" at the content level, "systematic thinking" and "quality education" at the thinking level, "deepening the understanding and application of relevant knowledge in the field of chronic disease prevention and control" and "the content is convenient for self-study and helps guide the construction of new knowledge" at the motivation level, and "accurate words, fluent language and easy to read and understand" and "firm binding, good paper quality and clear printing" at the arrangement level of the teaching material was more than 90.00%. Only the satisfaction of "the critical thinking" at the thinking level and "stimulating learning enthusiasm" at the motivation level was less than 85.00%.Conclusion:The teaching material of The prevention and control of chronic non- communicable disease meets the learning needs of postgraduates majoring in public health, and students have high overall satisfaction evaluation on the teaching material. It is necessary to further optimize the two aspects of "the critical thinking" and "stimulating learning enthusiasm" in the revision of the teaching material.

Objective To investigate the effect of auditory brainstem response(ABR)in clinical detection and severity assessment of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in children with normal hearing.Methods ① A total of 55 autistic children(110 ears)with normal hearing and 55 children(110 ears)with typical development(TD)who did not differ in sex composition ratio and average monthly age were divided into four sub-groups according to age:≤24 months group(22 ears),25～36 months group(40 ears),37～48 months group(28 ears)and＞48 months group(20 ears).The ABR latencies and interpeak latencies were compared between ASD children and age-matched TD children.② ASD children were graded by severity according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis-orders(DSM-V),and the correlations between the ABR latencies and interpeak latencies in autistic children with normal hearing and the severity grading were studied.Results ① No statistically significant differences in ABR wave latencies and interpeak latencies were found in autistic children with normal hearing under 24 months of age compared to age-matched TD children(P＞0.05).② Compared with children with TD,autistic children with nor-mal hearing at 25～36 months of age had significantly longer wave Ⅲ latencies and the interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ andⅠ-Ⅴ;the significantly longer wave Ⅲ,Ⅴ latencies,the interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ in autistic chil-dren with normal hearing at 37～48 months of age.Autistic children with normal hearing in the＞48 months group had significantly longer wave Ⅴ latencies and interpeak latencies of Ⅲ-Ⅴ,Ⅰ-Ⅴ than age-matched TD children(P＜0.05).③ The higher the ASD severity grading the longer the wave Ⅲ and V latencies and the longer interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ,and Ⅰ-Ⅴ(P＜0.05).Conclusion Differences in the level of auditory brainstem pathway de-velopment emerged at 25 months of age,and autistic children with normal hearing had significantly lower levels of auditory brainstem development than age-matched TD children.There were correlations between the latencies and interpeak latencies of ABR in autistic children with normal hearing and the severity grading.

A questionnaire was used to investigate the emergency training needs of novel coronavirus pneumonia of disease prevention and control institutions in provinces, deputy provincial level regions and cities specifically designated in the state plan, and the effect evaluation of emergency training activities conducted by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). The results showed that 67.4% of 47 disease prevention and control institutions (31/46) believed that the emergency training at the initial stage of the epidemic should be conducted as soon as possible, and the form of network training should be given priority. The training should focus on the urgently needed technologies such as epidemiological investigation, formulation and response of prevention and control strategies, laboratory testing, etc. The teaching materials should highlight pertinence and practicability and be presented in the form of electronic video. The average satisfaction score of the video training conducted by China CDC was (8.81±1.125) and the score of audio-video courseware was (8.97±0.893). The needs analysis and evaluation of novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control in disease prevention and control institutions could provide reference for the follow-up training and improve the emergency training management.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Pneumonia/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires