Zebrafish was selected as model animal, and glucocorticoid dexamethasone was used as a model compound to establish a rapid and high efficient osteopenia model. Zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to a serial concentrations of dexamethasone solutions, and 0.5% DMSO was selected as the vehicle control group. All groups were incubated in 24-well plates (28.5 degrees C) until 9 dpf. In addition, effects of 10 micromol x L(-1) dexamethasone on preventing against osteopenia induced by etidronate disodium were also investigated. Zebrafish bones at 9 dpf were stained with alizarin red. Quantitative analysis of the stained area was performed by microscopic inspection and digital imaging methods to reflect the amount of bone mineralization. Results showed that dexamethasone group at 2.5, 10 and 25 micromol x L(-1) can decrease the staining area and the staining optical density values of zebrafish head bones when compared with the vehicle control group (0.5% DMSO), which suggested that dexamethasone can significantly reduce the zebrafish mineralized bone and the bone mineral density. Results also showed that 15 and 30 microg x mL(-1) etidronate disodium can increase the mineralized matrix of zebrafish head bone and prevent against osteopenia induced by dexamethasone. In conclusion, the study indicated that zebrafish can be an idea osteopenia model induced by dexamethasone.

SUMMARY In this article , different methods to deal with teeth fractures were discussed by presenting a case of traumatic crown-root fracture in the anterior esthetic zone .The traumatic crown-root fracture is a common problem in clinic .When a fracture line locates in close proximity to or below the alveolar bone crest , the fracture most likely involve the junctional epithelium and the connective tissue attachment .This type of fracture becomes a challenge for restorative dentists because it involves biologic , functional , and es-thetic considerations , especially when the fracture occurs in an esthetic area .In this case , a young patient presented with two fractured upper anterior teeth to the Department of Periodontics , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology .After the comprehensive clinical evaluation , the right central incisor was decided to extract for implant therapy and the right lateral incisor was decided to retain by one modified crown lengthening surgery .The most common technique applied to save a retained root is a clinical crown lengthening procedure .However , the aggressive alveolar bone resection of both target and adjacent teeth to reestablish the bone width and periodontal health may compromise functional and esthetic outcomes .To re-duce loss of excessive osseous tissue during osteotomy procedure , the modified crown lengthening of the right lateral incisor was performed , including minor bone resection and root reshaping .Regarding the right central incisor , the retained root was all located below the alveolar bone crest .The extraction and implant procedure , combined with guided bone graft were performed to avoid the damage to neighbor teeth during traditional restorative therapy and to reshape a preferable buccal contour .At the last visit , the patient was recalled with healthy periodontium , normal tooth function and favorable esthetic results .

Objective:To examine the correlations of microRNA-34c(miR-34c) expression in the peripheral blood with the onset of diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)and diabetic foot osteomyelitis(DFO)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Sixty newly-diagnosed T2DM patients without DFU(T2DM group), 112 T2DM patients with DFU(DFU group), and 60 healthy controls with normal glucose tolerance(NC group)were included. The 112 T2DM patients with DFU were further divided into DFO( n=64)and NDFO( n=48)groups. The levels of miR-34c were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, while clinical features and risk factors of DFU and DFO were explored. Results:A significant increase in the expression level of miR-34c in peripheral blood was observed in T2DM group compared with NC group[2.99(1.45-6.22) vs 1.01(0.89-1.52), P<0.05], and a markedly increased miR-34c expression level was noted in DFU group compared with T2DM group [9.65(6.15-18.63) vs 2.99(1.45-6.22), P<0.01]. Additionally, the expression level of miR-34c in peripheral blood significantly increased in DFO group compared to NDFO group [13.46(8.89-19.11) vs 6.02(5.93-14.72), P<0.01]. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the expression level of miR-34c in peripheral blood and the amputation rate in patients in DFU group( P=0.030), and a negative correlation in the expression level of miR-34c( P=0.025)with healing rate of DFU after eight weeks. The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that a high expression of miR-34c was an independent risk factor for DFU and DFO( OR=3.52, 4.13; both P<0.01). Conclusion:An increased expression of miR-34c in peripheral blood of T2DM patients might be closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of DFU and DFO.

OBJECTIVETo study the immunotoxicity induced by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzathrancene (DMBA) in metallothionein gene-knocked-out mice [MT(-/-)] as compared with that in wild-type mice [(MT(+/+)].

METHODSFemale mice were treated with 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of DMBA i.p., respectively and immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) i.v. on the following day and rechallenged by injection of SRBC via footpad s.c. on the fourth day post-immunization. Humoral and cell-mediated immune function was assessed by the number of spleen IgM antibody plaque formation cells (PFC) to SRBC and cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) measured by footpad swelling thickness.

RESULTSAfter treatment with 25 mg/kg DMBA, a decrease in weight of their spleen and thymus and PFC/spleen were observed in MT(-/-) mice, while only decrease in thymus weight of MT(+/+) mice. The humoral function was suppressed by 72% in MT(-/-) mice. No obvious change in cell-mediated immune function was observed both in MT(-/-) and MT(+/+) mice. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune function were suppressed more severe (91%) in MT(-/-) mice treated with 50 mg/kg DMBA than those treated with 25 mg/kg DMBA (72%). DTH was not altered by DMBA in MT(+/+) mice. The weight of their spleen and thymus decreased and humoral immune function suppressed in MT(+/+) mice, but these changes were significantly less severe. No obvious suppression of cell-mediated immune function was observed in MT(+/+) mice.

CONCLUSIONTheir humoral and cell-mediated immune function was more susceptible to being suppressed by DMBA in MT(-/-) mice, indicating that MT could protect their immune function from damage caused by DMBA.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; toxicity ; Animals ; Immunity ; drug effects ; Metallothionein ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Organ Size ; drug effects

Objective: To investigate the soft and hard tissue morphology in the infrazygomatic crest zone by observing the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in patients with mini-implants. Methods: CBCT scans of 43 patients performed from January 2014 to December 2016 in the Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, with 84 existing mini-implants in the infrazygomatic crest region were collected. The bone thickness and cortical bone thickness were measured in the palatal and buccal side of the mini-implant. The maxillary sinus membrane thickness, sinus septa, reverse fold, and the sinus opening angle were also determined and analyzed in the maxillary posterior region. Results: The bone thicknesses in the buccal and palatal side of the existing mini-implant were 2.5 (1.5, 3.2) and 5.2 (4.0, 6.4) mm, respectively. However, the corresponding cortical bone thicknesses were only 2.1 (1.3, 2.8) and 1.5 (1.0, 1.9) mm, respectively. The prevalences of the septa and the reverse fold were 33% (28/84) and 45% (38/84), respectively. The sinus opening angle was the largest in the mid-coronal plane of the maxillary first molar (71.6°±15.6°). In the coronal plane located at 10 mm mesially, the angle was the smallest (46.1°±18.0°), and in this area, 20% (16/82) of the angle was less than 30°. Conclusions The outer cortical plate of the infrazygomatic crest along with the cortical plate of sinus floor could be related to the initial stability of mini-implant anchorage. The anatomic variation such as the reverse fold indicated thorough consideration of insertion depth and angle to avoid unexpected sinus injury.

Objective To observe the long-term clinical effect of pars plana vitrectomy combined with fovea-sparing internal limiting peeling in the treatment of macular foveoschisis in pathologic myopic. Methods A prospective case series study. Fifteen patients (15 eyes) with pathological myopic macular foveoschisis who received treatment in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled. There were 4 males (4 eyes) and 11 females (11eyes), with an average age of 55.33±8.34 years. All patients underwent BCVA, diopter, spectral domain OCT and axial length measurement. The mean logMAR BCVA was 0.95±0.64. The mean central fovea thickness (CFT) was 576.00±185.32 μm. All patients underwent vitrectomy combined with fovea-sparing internal limiting peeling. After gas-liquid exchange, 12％ C3F8 was filled and followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Follow-up time was more than 12 months. The structural changes of BCVA and macular area were observed.Results The foveal internal limiting membranes was successfully preserved in all eyes using the techinique. At the final follow-up, the CFT was 258.60±175.22 μm and the BCVA was 0.46±0.43, which were significantly improved compared with preoperative measurements (t=4.90, 5.20;P<0.001). Macular foveoschisis was resovled in 13 eyes. BCVA increased in 14 eyes. Internal limiting membranes proliferation and contraction occurred in 5 eyes and full-thickness macular hole occurred in 1 eye.Conclusions Pars plana vitrectomy with fovea-sparing internal limiting peeling is effective in the treatment of myopic macular retinoschisis. It can improve BCVA and CFT.

Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonotic parasite globally causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and animals. In this study, prevalence of CE and variation of cox1 gene sequence were analyzed with isolates E. granulosus collected from different areas in northern Xinjiang, China. The survey showed that 3.5% of sheep and 4.1% of cattle were infected with CE. Fragment of cox1 was amplified from all the positive sheep and cattle samples by PCR. In addition, 26 positive samples across the 4 areas were included. The isolates were all E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) containing 15 haplotypes (Hap1-15), and clustered into 2 genotypes, G1 (90.1%, 91/101) and G3 (9.9%, 10/101). Hap1 was the most common haplotype (48.5%, 49/101). Hap9 were found in humans samples, indicating that sheep and cattle reservoir human CE. It is indicate that E. granulosus may impact on control of CE in livestock and humans in the region.
Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Echinococcosis ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Echinococcus ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Livestock ; Parasites ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sheep

Objective:To evaluate the role of Sirtuin 1/nuclear factor κB (SIRT1/NF-κB) signaling pathway in mild hypothermia-induced promotion of microglial polarization during oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R).Methods:The well-grown BV2 microglia were divided into 4 groups ( n=36 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C), OGD/R group (group O), mild hypothermia group (group M), and mild hypothermia+ SIRT1 specific inhibitor EX527 group (group ME). Cells in group C were commonly cultured without any treatment. Cells in group O were subjected to 3 h of OGD followed by 21 h of restoration of O 2-glucose supply at 37 ℃. Cells in group M were subjected to 3 h of OGD followed by 21 h of restoration of O 2-glucose supply at 33 ℃. Cells in group ME were co-cultured with inhibitor EX527 (final concentration 5 nmol/L) for 12 h in the medium before OGD/R, and the other procedures were conducted as previously described in group M. The cell survival rate was detected by CCK-8 assay. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of CD206, CD32, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginine synthase 1 (Arg-1) mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of CD206 and CD32 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The expression of iNOS, Arg-1, SIRT1, NF-κB p65 (p65) and acetylated NF-κB (Ac-p65) was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in the supernatant were increased, the expression of CD206, Arg-1, CD32 and iNOS was up-regulated, the expression of SIRT1 was down-regulated, and the Ac-p65/p65 ratio was increased in group O ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the cell survival rate was significantly increased, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant were decreased, the concentration of IL-10 was increased, the expression of CD206, Arg-1 and SIRT1 was up-regulated, the expression of CD32 and iNOS was down-regulated, and the Ac-p65/p65 ratio was decreased in group M ( P<0.05). Compared with group M, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant were increased, the concentration of IL-10 was decreased, the expression of CD206, Arg-1 and SIRT1 was down-regulated, the expression of CD32 and iNOS was up-regulated, and the Ac-p65/p65 ratio was increased in group ME ( P<0.05). Conclusions:SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in mild hypothermia-induced promotion of microglial polarization during OGD/R.

Objective: To observe the long-term clinical treatment outcome and the influencing factors of the outcome for the teeth receiving modified crown lengthening surgery combined with root canal treatment and post-core crown restoration. To summarize the clinical guidelines of modified crown lengthening surgery in selection of indications and for mulation of treatment planning. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with a total of 67 teeth receiving modified crown lengthening surgery combined with root canal treatment and post-core crown restoration for at least a 6 months' follow-up period between July 2004 and July 2013 were recruited in this retrospective study by phone call interviews. The patients' clinical outcomes were evaluated by the combination of clinical examination, radiograph and questionnaire regarding patient-reported outcome of the last follow up (≥9 months post modified crown lengthening surgery and ≥6 months after definite crown restorations). All of the treated teeth were classified into two groups, group A (teeth with good clinical treatment outcome) and group B (teeth with poor clinical treatment outcome), based on the defined criteria including patients' satisfaction with the function and esthetics of the teeth and absence of periodontal, endodontic and prosthodontic complications. The potential influencing factors of clinical treatment outcome were also determined by Logistic regression analysis. Results: Vertical root fracture in 1 tooth was found on its periapical film and the tooth was deemed hopeless. Thus, the survival rate is 99% (66/67) for the multidisciplinary treatment approach. Seventy-two percent (48/67) of the teeth achieved good clinical treatment outcome and 28% (19/67) of the teeth developed one or several complications. In group B (teeth with poor clinical treatment), 16 out of teeth exhibited periodontal complications with bleeding on probing (BOP) positive mostly found. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that plaque control (OR=21.392, P=0.014), edge form (OR=7.610, P=0.011), and smoking experience (OR=7.315, P=0.018) were the risk factors influencing the clinical treatment outcome of modified crown lengthening surgery combined with root canal treatment and post-core restoration. Conclusions Modified crown lengthening surgery combined with root canal treatment and post-core restoration has a good and stable clinical effect in the observational time of 6-114 months. Plaque control, smoking status and edge form of the tooth appeared to be the influencing factors of this multidisciplinary treatment approach.

Objective: To prepare peptide minotope-based recombinant diagnostic antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and evaluate its antigenicity preliminarily. Methods: With Trx at the N-terminal and His tag at the C-terminal, the peptide minotope of EBV (GP125, F1, A2, A3C2) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity and anion exchange chromatography (designated 'H58’); based on antigenicity of H58 identified by Western blotting (WB), we constructed and evaluated a novel early diagnostic ELISA for EBV infection. Results: The soluble H58 protein with high concentration (2.8 mg/ml) and purity (99.01) was obtained; WB analysis found that there was an obvious band (28 ×10³) on the NC membrane, using H58 anti-Trx monoclonal antibody or acute-phase sera of EBV infection as the first antibody. With the novel ELISA, 50 positive sera of EBV infection and 50 negative sera were detected, displaying that the grouping of OD value of positive serum (95%CI: 1.233-1.489) and negative serum (95%CI: 0.113-0.159) was different (P<0.05) with the sensitivity 98.0%, specificity 96.0% and kappa value 0.940. Conclusions By E. coli expression and affinity and ion exchange chromatography purification, the peptide minotope-based recombinant diagnostic antigen of EBV infection was obtained with excellent antigenicity, which could be applied for serological detection of EBV infection.