Objective To investigate the differences of protein and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in osteoclasts (OC) and osteoclast-like cells (OLC) obtained by mechanical and inducement methods. Methods Mechanical separation method was used to separate mature osteoclasts from long bones of SD rats aged one-day;and inducement culture method was applied to induce OLC by using RANKL (100 ng/mL) and M-CSF (100 ng/mL) . The protein expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunocytochemistry and mRNA expression of MMP-9 was assayed by in situ hybridization. Results The integral optical density (IOD) and average optical density (AOD) of positive cells in the visual field were higher in the 12-d group of inducement method as compared with the 3 d-group of mechanical method. Conclusions It is suggested that the protein and mRNA expression of MMP-9 in OLC obtained by 12 d inducement method is much high than in OC obtained by 3 d mechanical method. OLC obtained by inducement method can be applied in the study of osteoporosis.

AIM:To compare the effects of 0.01% with 0.05% atropine eye drops on pupil diameter(PD)and intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.METHODS: Prospective non-randomized controlled study. A total of 232 myopic children who treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Puyang from March 2021 to February 2022 were included. They were divided into 0.01% atropine eye drops group(81 cases), 0.05% atropine eye drops group(77 cases), and control group(74 cases)according to patients' will, respectively. The control group received placebo eye drops(isotonic excipient). The PD and IOP of the three groups of patients were measured before medication and at 6 and 12 mo after medication.RESULTS: Finally, 181 cases(181 eyes)(with all right eye data included in the study)completed a 1-year follow-up, with a loss to follow-up rate of 22.0%(51/232). Among them, 62 cases(62 eyes)belonged to the 0.01% atropine eye drops group, 54 cases(54 eyes)belonged to the 0.05% atropine eye drops group, and 65 cases(65 eyes)belonged to the control group. There was no significant difference in baseline PD and IOP among the three groups(all P<0.05). After 12 mo of medication, the changes in PD among the 0.01% atropine eye drops group, 0.05% atropine eye drops group, and control group were 0.79±0.70, 1.29±0.66, and 0.06±0.74 mm, respectively(P<0.001). The change in PD in the 0.05% atropine eye drops group was significantly greater than that in both the 0.01% atropine eye drops group and the control group. Similarly, the change in PD in the 0.01% atropine eye drops group was significantly greater than that in the control group(all P<0.05). After 12 mo of medication, the changes in IOP among the 0.01% atropine eye drops group, 0.05% atropine eye drops group, and control group were -0.70±1.94, -0.22±1.79, and 0.25±2.03 mmHg, respectively(P<0.05). The changes in IOP in the 0.05% atropine eye drops group showed statistically significant difference compared to both the 0.01% atropine eye drops group and the control group(all P>0.05), and the changes in IOP in the 0.01% atropine eye drops group were statistically significant compared to the control group(P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that baseline refractive error and baseline PD were significant factors influencing the change in PD among children treated with atropine eye drops(β=0.230, 95%CI: 0.005-0.455, SE=0.114, t=2.025, P=0.045; β=-0.562, 95%CI: -0.729--0.396, SE=0.084, t=6.697, P<0.001). Additionally, baseline IOP was significant factor influencing the change in IOP among children in the atropine eye drop groups(β=-0.285, 95%CI: -0.439--0.131, SE=0.078, t=3.662, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The PD of myopic children increased after using 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops, and the change in PD after using 0.05% atropine eye drops was significantly greater than that of 0.01% atropine eye drops. No risk was found in the use of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops and elevated IOP.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the influential factors of cardioto xicity in patients with positive breast cancer of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2（HER-2）treated by trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy. METHODS From April 2017 to January 2021，200 HER-2 positive breast cancer patients receiving pirarubicin + cyclophosphamide combined with sequential paclitaxel+trastuzumab were collected from our hospital. According to the presence or absence of cardiotoxicity ，the patients were divided into cardiotoxicity group and non-cardiotoxicity group. The clinical data and echocardiographic results of the patients were collected，and the influential factors of cardiotoxicity were analyzed. RESULTS Among 200 patients，43 patients suffered from cardiotoxicity with the incidence of 21.5％. The proportion of patients with cardiotoxicity during pirarubicin+cyclophosphamide therapy accounted for 5.5％（11/200），and the proportion of patients with cardiotoxicity during sequential paclitaxel+trastuzumab therapy accounted for 20.5％（41/200）；the latter was significantly higher than the former （P＜0.01）. At the same time ，the decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction during sequential therapy of paclitaxel and trastuzumab was significantly higher than that during pirarubicin+cyclophosphamide therapy [ 14％（12％，17％）vs. 7％（3％，10％），P＜0.001]. Compared with patients without cardiotoxicity ，the proportion of patients with cardiotoxicity with a history of hyperlipidemia was significantly higher （P＜ 0.01），while the proportion of patients receiving dexrazoxane was significantly lower （P＜0.01）. Results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of hyperlipidemia [OR ＝3.672，95％ CI（1.499，8.992），P＝0.004] and the use of dextrazoxane [OR ＝0.154，95％ CI（0.072，0.330）， P＜0.001] were associated with the occurrence of cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Hyperlipidemia is an independent risk factor for cardiotoxicity induced by pirarubicin + cyclophosphamide combined with sequential paclitaxel+trastuzumab in HER 2 positive breast cancer patients ，while the use of dextrazoxane is a protective factor.