Objective To investigate the effect of different end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) on the quantitative electro-encephalogram (qEEG) and auditory evoked potential index (AAI) in patient undergoing elective general surgery under inhalation anesthesia. Methods Thirty-eight ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients aged 22-48 yrs weighing 49-79 kg undergoing elective general surgery under inhalation anesthesia were studied. The intra-operative blood-loss was expected to be

Objective To develop a reliable and reproducible modei of hyperalgesia arising from chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and investigate the contribution of spinal cord dorsal horn calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the clinical manifestation of sciatica.Methods Sixty healthy Wistar rats of either sex weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into three groups: group A control ( n = 12) ; group B sham operation (n = 24) and group C chronic compression of DRG ( n = 24) . In group B and C the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1.25% thiopental sodium (50mg?kg-1) . The animals were then placed in prone position and the left L4 and L5 intervertebral foramina were exposed. In group C a 4 mm long 1-0 chromic catgut was inserted into the intervertebral foramen. Motor function of the hind limbs was assessed by gait disturbance scores (GDS) , and paw-withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured with modified Randall algometer 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21 and 28 days after operation. In group B and C 12 animals were decapitated on the 5th and 28th days after operation respectively and lumbar section of spinal cord was removed for determination of dorsal horn CGRP content (by radio-immunoassay) and microscopic examination of DRG. Results In chronic compression group (C) significant hyperalgesia occurred after operation and reached a peak one week after operation then gradually decreased but didn't return to normai on the 28th day, while in sham operation group (B) postoperative hyperalgesia quickly decreased and returned to normai on the 7th day. In group C dorsal horn CGRP content on the compressed side significantly increased on the 5th and 28th day after operation as compared with that on the contralateral side in the sham operation and control group. Microscopic examination of DRG showed significant edema of endoneurium and neurons which persisted on the 28th day but significantly attenuated. Conclusion This animal model reliably produces a disorder resembling low back pain. It is easy to perform less traumatic and produces significant hyperalgesia. The dorsal horn CGRP content on the compressed side significantly increases, which is consistent with chronic pain.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the interlocking nail for extremity fractures. Methods This study reviews 1224 cases of extremity fractures treated with locking intramedullary nail fixation from October 1996 to June 2004, including 92 cases humeral shaft fracture; 210 cases intertrochanteric fractures; 488 cases femoral shaft fractures; 92 cases supracondylar femoral fractures; 342 cases tibia and fibular fractures. According to the AO classification there were 642 type A, 364 type B and 218 type C. There were 986 cases (72.4%) high-energy injury; 405 cases were multiple injury. There is 778 male and 446 female with mean age 39 years (range 16-92 years). Duration from injury to operation was 8 days(3 hour-30 days). Close reduction was 1203 cases and open reduction were 21 cases. Results Mean follow-up period is 24 months(6-70 month), mean operation time was 90 minutes(40-480 minutes). Union was in 1204 cases, union rate was 98.2%, mean union time was 5 months (3-12 months) on average, there were nonunion in 22 patients: 4 in humeral shaft, 8 in femoral shaft, 4 in supracondylar femur, 6 in tibia shaft, the nonunion rate is 1.8%. Late deep infection occurred in 3 patients: 1 in femoral shaft, 1 in supracondylar femur, 1 in intertrochanteric femur, the infection rate is 0.2%. There were 16 split in intraoperation: 4 in humeral nail, 4 in Gamma nail, 9 in supracondylar nail. Iatrogenic nerve palsy occurred in 6 patients: 2 in radial nerve, 2 in sciatic nerve, 2 in common peroneal nerve, the occurrence is 0.4%. One femoral nail was broken, locking screw were broken in 9 patients (0.6%), femoral shaft fracture of distal nail end occurred in 3 cases: 1 in Gamma nail, two in supracondylar nail. 53 patient complained uncomfortable in entry point (8 shoulders; 9 hips; 36 knees). Conclusion The result is satisfactory in bone healing low infection reduced blood loss and rapid recovery of the joint and body with the close interlocking nailing to be treatment of fresh extremity shaft fracture. It is a perfect method, however the complication should be pay more attention.

Objective:To study assessment value of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) for severity of coro‐nary disease in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods :According to SYNTAX score of coronary an‐giography ,a total of 206 CHD patients from our hospital were divided into mild group (n=74 ,SYNTAX score <23 scores) ,medium group (n= 72 ,SYNTAX score 23~32 scores) and severe group (n= 60 ,SYNTAX score > 32 scores) .Another 80 healthy subjects undergoing physical examinations were selected as healthy control group during the same period .BaPWV ,ankle brachial index (ABI) and carotid -femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were measured and compared among all groups .Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation among baPWV ,cfPWV ,ABI and SYNTAX score in CHD patients ;multi -factor Logistic regression model was used to analyze whether baPWV ,cfPWV and ABI were risk factors for SYNTAX scores .Results:Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in baPWV [ (1.2 ± 0.3) m/s vs .(1.5 ± 0.4) m/s vs .(1.8 ± 0.6) m/s vs . (2.0±0.7)m/s]andcfPWV [ (1.3±0.5)m/svs.(2.5±0.7)m/svs.(2.9±0.8)m/svs.(3.4±0.7)m/s]in mild group ,medium group and severe group (P<0.05 or <0.01) ,and that of severe group was more than that of medium group ,and>mild group in turn ,there was significant difference by pairwise comparisons ( P<0.05 all);significant reduction in ABI [ (1.02 ± 0.32) vs .(0.82 ± 0.24) vs .(0.73 ± 0.16) vs .(0.56 ± 0.09)] in mild group , medium group and severe group ,and that of severe group was < medium group ,and < mild group in turn ,there was significant difference by pairwise comparisons ( P<0.05 all) .Pearson correlation analysis indicated that baPWV and cfPWV were positively correlated with SYNTAX score ( r= 0.613 , P= 0.007;r=0.528 , P=0.023) ,while ABI had no correlation with SYNTAX score .Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that diabetes melli‐tus ,hypertension ,baPWV and cfPWV were risk factors for SYNTAX score (OR=4.016~5.809 , P<0.05 or <0.01) .Conclusion:The baPWV can effectively assess severity of coronary disease in CHD patients .

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of tomography ultrasonic imaging (TUI) in staging carcinomas of the cervix.Methods Eighty-seven patients with biopsy proven cervical cancer who underwent transvaginal TUI examination were enrolled.Clinical and ultrasonic staging were based on the FIGO staging system.Surgical-pathological or MR results was taken as golden standard.Ultrasonic staging were compared with clinical staging.Tumor sizes of 38 cases of cervical cancers measured by TUI were recorded and compared with the pathological results.Results The overall accuracy of preoperative TUI staging was higher than that of preoperative clinical staging (91.95 ％ vs 81.60 ％,P ＜0.01).Mean size of the 38 malignant tumors was 2.5 cm×2.1 cm×2.2 cm by TUI and 2.6 cm×2.1 cm×2.3 cm by pathological samples (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions TUI technology may be useful in the noninvasive examination of preoperative staging of carcinoma cervix.

Objective To study biologic effect of high radon exposure in non-uranium miners by measurements of serum levels of 1L-2, IL-6 and TNF-u and study on their gene polymorphism. Methods Serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin the miners selected from a Yunnan-based copper mine were measured by ABC-ELISA. TNF-α (-308,G→A) genotypes were identified by RFLP-PCR, IL-2 (-330, T→G) genotypes by sequence analysis. Results Compared the miners with its control group, there were no statistical significance of the concentrations of serum IL-2 (F=0.71, P>0.05), IL-6 (F=1.09, P>0.05) and TNF-α(F=0.95,P>0.05). Frequencies of IL-2 (-330, T→G) genotypes (X2=0.02, P>0.05) and TNF-α(-308, G→A) genotype (x2= 2.21, P>0.05) were shown no statistical significance too. Conclusions Compared with the control group, concentrations of serum IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-n in miners working in the copper mine was lower, frequencies of genotypes of TNF-o (-308,A/A) was higher in the miners. But all the differences were not statistical significant.

A novel method was developed for the rapid determination of multi-indicators in corni fructus by means of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based least squares support vector machine was investigated to increase the levels of quality control. The calibration models of moisture, extractum, morroniside and loganin were established using the PSO-LS-SVM algorithm. The performance of PSO-LS-SVM models was compared with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The calibration and validation results of PSO-LS-SVM were superior to both PLS and BP-ANN. For PSO-LS-SVM models, the correlation coefficients (r) of calibrations were all above 0.942. The optimal prediction results were also achieved by PSO-LS-SVM models with the RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) and RSEP (relative standard errors of prediction) less than 1.176 and 15.5% respectively. The results suggest that PSO-LS-SVM algorithm has a good model performance and high prediction accuracy. NIR has a potential value for rapid determination of multi-indicators in Corni Fructus.

Objective Idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN)is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults,and the prognosis of IMN varies among individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis and risk factors,especially the prognostic indicators in kidney patholo?gies for IMN. Methods Patients diagnosed as IMN by renal biopsy from January 2006 to December 2011 were collected and those who finished at least 12 months of follow?up were enrolled in this study. The clinical and renal pathological indicators were collected and the correlation between the pathological indicators and the prognosis was analyzed. Results Totally 137 patients were enrolled in this study,18 patients(13.14%)reached the follow up ending point(defined as eGFR<30 mL/min). The prognosis of kidney function was poor in IMN patients with interstitial fibrosis,tubular atrophy and severe vascular sclerosis and those who were older at disease onset and demonstrated to have higher MAP,poorer renal function,intersti?tial fibrosis,tubular atrophy and worse vascular sclerosis. Conclusion Renal pathological characteristics during renal biopsy were correlated with the renal prognosis of IMN. Severe interstitial fibrosis,tubular atrophy and vascular sclerosis were identified as risk factors for the poor prognosis of re?nal function in IMN patients.