Objective To investigate the cause of continuous cropping obstacle of Rehmannia glutinosa and screen beneficial bacteria.Methods In vitro cultured plantlets and potted plants were inoculated with different isolated soil bacteria. The plants were harvested and weighted in 30 and 60 d,respectively.Results In the in vitro culture experiment,11 out of 48 strains displayed promoting action on the growth of plantlets,and 11 other strains showed inhibitory or lethal action.In the potted test,16 strains showed promoting action and 13 strains showed suppressing or lethal action.Conclusion Soil bacteria influence the growth of R.glutinosa significantly.The flora of rhizosphere bacteria may be disturbed by the cultivation of R.glutinosa and inoculation of beneficial bacteria might be effective on the resolution of continuous cropping obstacle of R.glutinosa.

This paper aims to analyze the impact of splenic vein thrombosis (SVT) on the hemodynamic parameters in hepatic portal vein system. Based on computed tomography (CT) images of a patient with portal hypertension and commercial software MIMICS, the patient's portal venous system model was reconstructed. Color Doppler ultrasound method was used to measure the blood flow velocity in portal vein system and then the blood flow velocities were used as the inlet boundary conditions of simulation. By using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, we simulated the changes of hemodynamic parameters in portal venous system with and without splenic vein thrombosis and analyzed the influence of physiological processes. The simulation results reproduced the blood flow process in portal venous system and the results showed that the splenic vein thrombosis caused serious impacts on hemodynamics. When blood flowed through the thrombosis, blood pressure reduced, flow velocity and wall shear stress increased. Flow resistance increased, blood flow velocity slowed down, the pressure gradient and wall shear stress distribution were more uniform in portal vein. The blood supply to liver decreased. Splenic vein thrombosis led to the possibility of forming new thrombosis in portal vein and surroundings.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure ; Computer Simulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Portal Vein ; Splenic Vein ; pathology ; Thrombosis ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Purpose To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata(RRP)on the footpad inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)in rats.Methods CFA 100 μL were injected subcutaneously to the Wistar rats at the pad of right hindfoots.19 days later,the rats were daily siven RRP water extract(0.625,1.250,2.500 g/kg·bw)or dexamethasone(0.5mg/ks·bw)intragastrically.The changes of body weight and foot volume were measured.The indexes of organ and blood were determined at the 29th day,the foot pad was removed,and routine paraffin section was performed.Results The model rats kept foot swelling and lymphocyte infiltrating,and the platelet number decreased.The other indexes were statistically insignificant when compared to the controls.RRP did not display any anti-inflammatory effect on the swollon foots,but thoracic gland and spleen indexes were rescued,and platelet number and creatinine content were increased by RRP administration in a dose-dependent manner.The anti-inflammation of dexamethasone was conspicuous,but the side effects were also significant.Conclusion RRP may be plays an adjunctive action in herbal recipes to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

[Abstract ] Objective To compare the accuracy between regular computed tomography colonography (CTC)and dual-energy CTC in lesion detection.Methods Twenty-eight patients with clinical suspicious space occupying lesions of the colon were selected.All patients were underwent dual-energy mode contrast-enhanced CT scan and the data were reconstructed with colonography and dual-energy iodine maps methods.The diameter,enhanced computed tomography (CT)value and iodine value were measured.The results of colonoscopy and pathology were taken as gold standard.The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of regular CTC and dual-energy CTC were compared.Variance analysis was performed for measurement data comparison among groups and chi-square test was used for count data analysis.Results Among 28 patients,colorectal lesions were detected in 24 cases by regular CTC,of which four cases were false-positive and one case was false-negative confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology.Colorectal lesions were detected in 20 cases by dual-energy CTC,of which no false-positive and one case was false negative confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology.The contrast enhanced CT value of polyps,adenoma,adenocarcinoma and stool was (38.54± 6.82),(49.16±7.31 ),(52.61 ±5 .93 )and (34.00±1 .41 )Hu,respectively.The enhanced value of adenoma and adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of polyps and stool,the differences were statistically significant among groups (F = 10.760,P = 0.001 ).There was no significant difference between polyps and stool (t=1 .44,P =0.188).The sensitivity of regular CTC and dual-energy CTC in lesion detection was 95 .6% (95 %cofidence interval(CI ):77.9%-99.2%)and 95 .6% (95 %CI :77.9%-99.2%),respectively.The specificity was 42.8% (95 %CI :15 .4%-93.5 %)and 100.0% (95 %CI :47.9%-100.0%).Conclusion Compared with traditional CTC,dual-energy CTC would distinguish lesions from stool,help differentiate between benign and malignant tumors and further increase the accuracy of CTC diagnosis.

Objective To study interdialytic body weight gain(IBWG)in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients,and to analyze the associated factors. Methods A total of 269 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.The patients were divided into two groups according to the percentage of IBWG(PIBWG:interdialytic body weight gain/dry weight×100%):PIBWG＞3.50%(190 cases)and PIBWG≤3.50%(79 cases).Associated factors of IBWG were analyzed. Results The average IBWG of 269 MHD patients was(2.42±1.01)kg(0-6.33 kg),and PIBWG was(4.25±1.79)%.In male patients,IBWG was (2.45±1.09)kg,and PIBWG was(3.99±1.79)%.In female patients,IBWG was(2.39±0.85)kg,and PIBWG was(4.64±1.74)%which was significantly higher compared to males(P＜0.01).Patients with PIBWG＜3.00%accounted for 20%,with PIBWG≥3.00%to＜5.00%accounted for 50%,with PIBWG≥5.00%accounted for 30%.Compared to patients with PIBWG＞3.50%,those with PIBWG≤3.50%were characterized by elder age(year)(60.50 ±14.49 vs 54.07±13.78),more males(70.88%vs 54.74%),shorter dialysis duration(month)(41.03±41.92 vs 58.83±43.57),larger BMI(kg/m2)(22.67±3.36 vs 20.91±3.25)and less dry weight(kg)(56.69±10.94 vs 62.82±10.97),more residual urine(ml,In)(6.19±0.94 vs 5.48±0.8),lower predialysis serum β2MG(mmol/L)(31.61±9.82 vs 38.54±10.38)and phosphorus(mmol/L)(1.92±0.66 vs 2.15±0.58).Correlation analysis revealed that PIBWG was positively correlated with dialysis duration,Scr,BUN,β2-MG,phosphorus,decrease and decrease percentage of BP during hemodialysis,and negatively correlated with age,dry weight,BMI,residual urine,and pre-dialysis SBP,MAP. Conclusions PIBWG of about 70%of our patients was below 5%.Young.female.low BMI and dry body weight,long dialysis duration,low residual urine,chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy are associated with more IBWG,which may lead to greater intradialytic BP fluctuation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn)-guided positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on the pulmonary function of elderly patients undergoing roboticassisted radical prostatectomy.Methods Forty patients,aged 65-80 yr,with body mass index of 19-28 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,were divided into 2 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C) and PEEP group (group P).After anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation,all the patients were mechanically ventilated in pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed mode,with tidal volume 6-8 ml/kg,respiratory rate 12 breaths/min,fraction of inspired oxygen 50％,and inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1 ∶ 2.Respiratory rate was adjusted after onset of pneumoperitoneum to maintain the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide at 30-45 mmHg.Immediately after intubation and immediately after establishing pneumoperitoneum-Trendelenburg position,patients received PEEP titration from the lowest PEEP available in the anesthesia machine,with an increment of 2 cmH2O every 4 min until the maximal Cdyn was achieved in group P.Patients in group C received no PEEP during procedure.At 4 min after completion of the first PEEP titration,4 min and 1 and 2 h after completion of the second PEEP titration,and 1 min after closure of abdominal cavity in group P and at 4 min after the end of intubation,4 min and 1 and 2 h after establishing pneumoperitoneum-Trendelenburg position in group C,blood samples from the radical artery were obtained for blood gas analysis,peak airway pressure was recorded,and oxygenation index,driving pressure,alveolar-arterial oxygen difference,and ratio of physical dead space to tidal volume were calculated.Results Compared with group C,the oxygenation index and partial pressure of arterial oxygen were significantly increased,and driving pressure and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference were decreased at each time point (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in peak airway pressure,ratio of physical dead space to tidal volume or partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide in group P (P＞0.05).Conclusion Cdyn-guided PEEP titration can improve pulmonary function of elderly patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dynamic lung compliance ( Cydn)-guided positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on lung injury in the patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 19-28 kg∕m2 , scheduled for elective robot-assisted radical prosta-tectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and PEEP group (group P). Mechanical ventilation was performed ac-cording to preset parameters after tracheal intubation in group C, and PEEP was set by a double titration method after tracheal intubation and after pneumoperitoneum in group P. At 4 min after intubation (T1), 4 min, 1 h and 2 h after establishing pneumoperitoneum-Trendelenburg position ( T2-4 ) , and 1 and 30 min after extubation ( T5,6 ) in group C or at 4 min after completing the first PEEP titration ( T1 ) , 4 min, 1 h and 2 h after completing the second PEEP titration (T2-4) and T5,6 in group P, blood samples were collect-ed from the radial artery for determination of club cell protein 16, surfactant protein-D, tumor necrosis fac-tor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations in serum ( by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) . Results Compared with group C, the serum concentrations of club cell protein 16 at T2-6 and surfactant protein-D, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 at T3-6 were significantly decreased in group P (P<0. 05). Conclusion Cydn-guided PEEP titration can reduce the lung injury in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dynamic lung compliance ( Cdyn) -guided positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on extravascular lung water in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅡ orⅢ patients, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 19-28 kg∕m2 , scheduled for elective robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C) and PEEP group (group P). In group P, immediately after endotracheal intuba-tion, immediately after establishing pneumoperitoneum-Trendelenburg position and after restoring the supine position, PEEP was set starting from the lowest PEEP allowed by the machine, increasing by 2 cmH2 O ev-ery 4 min until the maximum Cdyn was obtained. PEEP was not set in group C. Immediately after establis-hing the invasive blood pressure monitoring ( T1 ) , at 10 min after the first successful PEEP titration ( T2 ) , 10 min, 1 h and 2 h after the second successful PEEP titration ( T3-5 ) , 10 min after the third successful PEEP titration (T6), and 30 min after tracheal extubation (T7) in group P, or at T1, 10 min after intu-bation ( T2 ) , 10 min, 1 h and 2 h after establishing pneumoperitoneum-Trendelenburg position ( T3-5 ) , 10 min after restoring the supine position ( T6 ) and T7 in group C, blood samples were collected from the radial artery for blood gas analysis, and the oxygenation index was calculated. The B-line score was recor-ded at T1 and T7 . Results Compared with group C, the B-line score was significantly decreased at T7 , and the oxygenation index was increased at T5-7 in group P (P<0. 05). Conclusion Cdyn-guided PEEP titration can decrease the formation of extravascular lung water in elderly patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Objective:To explore the effect of spontaneous breathing during induction of general anesthesia on atelectasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors.Methods:A total of 60 patients aged 18-60 years scheduled for laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors under general anesthesia in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from October 2021 to August 2022 were selected. The body mass index was 18.5-28.0 kg/m 2 and the American Society of Anesthesiology grade wasⅠ-Ⅱ. All patients were divided into the spontaneous breathing group (group S, 30 cases) and the controlled breathing group (group C, 30 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in group S received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg etomidate (pumping at the speed of 200 ml/h) and 2 μg/kg remifentanil (slowly injected more than 30 s) for anesthesia induction; patients in group C received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg etomidate and 2 μg/kg remifentanil (slowly injected more than 30 s) and 0.2 mg/kg cisatracurium. After bispectral index (BIS) decreased to 80, the patients had no response to the language stimulation; and then the mask was used to closely fit the face and maintain spontaneous breathing in group S; patients in group C received manual positive pressure ventilation. Atelectasis scores were collected immediately after endotracheal intubation (T 1) and 15 min after transferring to the recovery room (T 3), and oxygenation index (OI) was collected 5 min after endotracheal intubation (T 2) and at T 3. The postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) on the 3rd day after the operation was recorded. Results:A total of 56 patients were finally enrolled, 27 cases in group S and 29 cases in groups C. Compared with group C, the atelectasis score of group S at T 1 and T 3 decreased [T 1: (2.4±0.8) scores vs. (4.2±0.7) scores, t = -9.12, P < 0.001; T 3: (8.2±1.8) scores vs. (10.5±1.6) scores, t = -4.96, P < 0.001]. The OI increased at T 2 and T 3 in group S [T 2: (334±11) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (323±13) mmHg, t = 3.45, P = 0.001; T 3: (362±23) mmHg vs. (347±25) mmHg, t = 2.31, P = 0.025]. The incidence of PPC was 20.7% (6/29) and 18.5% (5/27), respectively in group C and group S on the 3rd day after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 0.04, P = 0.838). Conclusions:Maintaining spontaneous breathing during induction of general anesthesia can reduce atelectasis caused by general anesthesia and improve oxygenation for patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors.

Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of roxadustat on apoptosis and senescence of renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 induced by heat stress.Methods After HK-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of roxadustat(10,20,30,40 and 50 μmol/L)for 24 h,CCK-8 assay was used to determine the optimal intervention concentration of roxadustat.HK-2 cells were divided into 4 groups(n=3):control group,roxadustat group(30 μmol/L,24 h),heat-stress group(43 ℃,2 h),and heat-stress+roxadustat group(30 μmol/L roxadustat treatmnet for 24 h followed by heat-stress 2 h).Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),Cleaved Caspase-3,p16 and p21 at protein level was detected by Western blotting.Immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the distribution of HIF-1α.β-galactosidase staining kit was utilized to detect SA-β-Gal activity.TUNEL staining was used to measure cell apoptosis.Results The highest cell viability was observed in the cells after 30 μmol/L roxadustat treatment.Heat stress resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability(P＜0.05),elevated protein levels of HIF-1α,Cleaved Caspase-3,p16 and p21(P＜0.05),enhanced SA-β-Gal activity(P＜0.05)and increased percentage of TUNEL-positive cells(P＜0.05)when compared with the cells in the control group.In comparison with the heat-stress group,the heat-stress+roxadustat group showed significant decrease in the protein levels of Cleaved Caspase-3,p16 and p21(P＜0.05),reduced activity of SA-β-Gal[(65.44±5.00)％vs(77.15±2.61)％,P＜0.05]and decreased percentage of TUNEL-positive cells[(16.73±2.20)％vs(46.40±13.87)％,P＜0.05],but increase in cell viability[(86.33±4.51)％vs(66.33±8.50)％,P＜0.05]as well as HIF-1α protein expression(P＜0.05).Furthermore,immunofluorescence assay showed that HIF-1α was mainly distributed in the nucleus and perinucleus.Conclusion Roxadustat attenuates heat stress-induced apoptosis and senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells by upregulating HIF-1α.