Objective To detect the changes of Endothelin-A receptor mRNA in the cerebral basilar artery of rats with experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vessel spasm as well as its effect. Methods Fifty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal, experimental,sham-operated and saline-control groups. The experimental group was subdivided into subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)2,3,7 and 14?d groups. Reverse transcription polymerse chain reaction was used to study the changes of Endothelin-A receptor mRNA level in the cerebral basilar artery of rats with experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vessel. Results ET-A receptor mRNA level of basilar artery in SAH2, 3?d and 7?d group was higher obviously than that of normal group,sham-operated and saline-control groups. That of 14?d group was approximate to normal group.Conclusion ET-A receptor may play an important role in pathogenesis of SAH-induced cerebral vessel spasm.

In order to observe the pial and intracortical vessels in the upper and lower lips of calcarine sulcus, the normal human visual cortex of 15 brains (30 sides) were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), staining for alkaline phosphatase activity, continuous arterio-venous perfusion and clearing of thick sections according to Malligan's procedure. The results are: (1) Superficial pial arteries on visual cortex originate from calcarine artery, parieto-occipital artery, and inferior posterior temporal artery. Their branches destribute on the surface of the upper and lower lips of the calcarine sulcus resembling a comb. Two types of arterial anastomoses were found. The pial veins of the upper lip of the calcarine sulcus empty into the medial parieto-occipital vein, while those of the lower lip empty mostly into the medial occipital vein. (2) Intracortical arteries might be divided into five groups, i.e, short cortical artery, middle cortical artery, long cortical artery, subcortical artery and medullary artery. In general, they send out forward and recurrent branches. Veins might also be classified into five groups accordingly. There are four layers of vascular network within the striate cortex. The 3rd layer was clearly divided into sublayer 3a, 3b, 3c. The capillary density of the sublayer 3b is with lower density, which is just situated in Gennari's band. Angioarchitecture in the unstriate cortex is loosely arranged. The vascular density of each layer has been measured. The relationship between the blood supply of visual cortex and its clinical significance has been discussed as well.

Objective To investigate the expression and effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in cerebral vessels of scalded rats. MethodHistological method was used to observe the alteration of histological structure of basilar artery in 8 scalded rats. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to examine expression of ET-1 mRNA;Western blotting to analyse expression of endothelin-1;radioimmunoassay to measure ET-1 levels;R3espectively, of cerebral basilar artery in 48 scalded rats. ResultVascular pathohistological changes were observed in cerebral basilar artery after rats were scalded;ET-1, ET-1 mRNA expression and ET-1 levels of basilar artery in scald 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours group were obviously higher than that of control group. Conclusion Scald may cause an increases of ET-1 expression in basilar artery, and elevated ET-1 expression may relate to the pathogenesis of cerebral vascular injury in scalded rats.

[Objective]To explore the effect and the possible mechanism of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 on acute T lympho?blastic leukemia cells.[Methods]The influence of different concentrations of MG132 in the viability and proliferation of CCRF-CEM was measured by MTS. Apoptosis rates of CCRF-CEM treated by MG132 were determined by flow cytometry. After being exposed to MG132,the protein levels of FOXO3a in cytoplasm and nucleus were analyzed by Western blotting. qRT-PCR was applied to detect the mRNA of FOXO3a and Puma in cells treated by MG132. Then CCRF-CEM was stably transfected with antisense FOXO3a using Lentivirus infection. We further investigated the effects of MG132 in FOXO3a-shRNA cells and elucidated the mechanisms of FOXO3a and Puma.[Results]MG132 inhibits the proliferation of CCRF-CEM,but has no cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononu?clear cells(PBMC). Cellular apoptosis was induced in cells treated with MG132. At mRNA level,MG132 had no influence on FOXO3a,but increased the expression of Puma. However,MG132 promoted the expression of both FOXO3a and Puma at protein level. Interestingly,the expression of FOXO3a increased very little in cytoplasm. In FOXO3a-shRNA cells the expression of FOXO3a and Puma decreased at protein level. FOXO3a's knockdown attenuated the proliferation inhibition mediated by MG132.[Conclusion]MG132 inhibits the proliferation and promotes to apoptosis of CCRF-CEM. One of the mechanism is that MG132 inhib? its the degradation of FOXO3a,and then activates FOXO3a/Puma pathway.

Objective For further improving the prognosis of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in China,the treatment efficacies, outcomes and costs of protocols for childhood APL between in developed countries and in our hospital were compared. Methods 30 cases aged ＜15 years were diagnosed according to the FAB classification and detection of PML-RARα rearrangement. From December 1999 to September 2004,sixteen eligible children were treated with an intensive in-house protocol including high-dose Ara-C and anthracycline for post remission treatment. From September 2004 to January 2008,14 cases enrolled were treated with a less intensive protocol modified from the PETHEMA LPA99. Results The 3.5 years EFS was 37.5 % (s-x=0.121) for total 16 patients on in-house protocol. Six patients (37.5 %) abandoned treatment,2 died of intracranial hemorrhage at diagnosis (6.3 %) and sepsis in remission (6.3 %),respectively,and 2 relapsed (12.5 %). The 14 cases treated with modified PETHEMA had a 3.5 years EFS of 79.6 % (s-x=0.136). One died of intracranial hemorrhage at diagnosis (7.1 %) and 1 relapsed (7.1 %). Patients on modified PETHEMA had a significantly higher EFS (P=0.012),lower frequency of sepsis during treatment (7.7 % vs 77.8 %; P=0.0015) and lower hospitalization cost (median,RMB 35 200 vs 150 000; P ＜0.0001) than those on in-house protocol. Conclusion Treatment with the less intensive protocol based on the PETHEMA LPA99 study for childhood APL successively reduced complication of chemotherapy and reduced hospitalization cost without increasing relapses, which led to decreases in treatment-related toxicity and treatment abandonment rate,thus improving overall outcome.

AIM and METHOD: The adhesion behavior of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSC) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) to bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMMC) and Raji cells were investigated by MTT method. The expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The adhesion ability of BMSC in acute period of ALL to BMMC was lower than that of control group. The adhesion ability of BMSC in long term remission period of ALL to Raji cells higher than that of control group. The expression of ICAM-1 on the surface of BMSC in acute period of ALL is much lower than that of control group. CONCLUSIONS: The adhesion of BMSC to BMMC or tumor cells in children with ALL was abnormal. The abnormal adhesion behavior might be partially due to the changed expression of adhesion molecules on BMSC.

Objective To review the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ( IPH),and to evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy with dose-adjusted 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) in IPH children. Methods The diagnosis of IPH was confirmed by in-patient examination and at least 1 year follow-up to exclude secondary causes of pulmonary hemorrhage. Fifteen children met the criteria of IPH and were enrolled. The age at diagnosis was 2-13 years ( median 7 years). Prednisone was administered at 2 mg/( kg·d) for 4 weeks in acute phase of the disease followed by taper. 6MP was also started at 60 mg/( m2·d) simultaneously and continued for 3 years. Results The diagnosis was delayed in most children, which was due to the lack of initial classical manifestation of the disease. The time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis ranged from 2 weeks to 108 months ( median 8 months) . All the patients exhibited response to the initial treatment and prednisone was successfully tapered off. Only 1 of 8 patients with relative leucopenia (3 × 109/L -6 × 109/L) on 6MP maintenance recurred while 5 of 7 others recurred (P < 0. 05) during median 6-year (range 2. 5 - 9. 5 years) follow-up. Of the latter 5 patients who recurred,4 remained recurrence-free after adjusting the dose of 6MP upwards to keep relative leucopenia. Conclusions Diagnostic delayed is still a main problem in pediatric IPH. Most IPH children in our group tolerated maintenance treatment with 6MP and achieved long-term remission, and these suggested growth retardation on long-term steroids therapy could be avoided. Because of interindividual difference in 6MP metabolism, adjusting the dose of 6MP may be necessary for treatment of IPH children and avoid under-treatment or overtreatment in some children,and thus improve the prognosis. White blood count could be a simple and useful indicator to predict clinical response in most IPH children on 6MP.

[Objective] To evaluate the effect of fast rehabilitation nursing pathway in patients after artificial hip replacement.[Methods] 86 patients underwent artificial hip replacement were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group with 43 cases in each group.The control group received routine care,while the experimental group was given fast rehabilitation nursing pathway.Anxiety and pain at 48h after operation were evaluated,and hip joint function(Harris score)was evaluated six months after operation.[Results] Compared with the control group,anxiety and pain score at 48h after operation decreased markedly,and Harris score six months after operation increased significantly.[Conclusions] Fast rehabilitation nursing pathway can reduce both the short-term and long-term efficacy of patients after artificial hip replacement.

Objective To examine the effect of labouring in water on analgesia of vaginal delivery.Methods From June 2009 to February 2011,38 women who had volunteered to deliver in water in the obstetrical department were set as the observation group,another 70 women who chose vaginal delivery were named as the control group in the corresponding period.The items of labor pain,satisfaction with the birth experience,length of labor and neonatal outcomes were compared.Results The pain level of the observation group after labouring in water decreased compared with that before immersion in water.The delivery course was not influenced with a high rate of vaginal delivery.Conclusions Labouring in water can alleviate delivery pain,increase rate of vaginal delivery with no influence on delivery course and outcome of mothers and infants.It is a safe and effective analgesia method which should be widely applied.

Objective To explore the effect of Flavokawain B on the proliferation and apoptosis of acute T lymphoblastic leukemia(T -ALL)cells and its preliminary mechanism.Methods After the T -ALL cell lines CEM-C7(sensitive to glucocorticoids)and MOLT -4(resistant to glucocorticoids)cells were treated with different concentrations of Flavokawain B,the influence of Flavokawain B on the growth rate and doubling time of CEM-C7 and MOLT -4 cells was observed by 3 -(4,5 -dimethylthiazol -2 -yl)-5 -(3 -carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2 -(4 -sulfophenyl)-2H -tetrazolium(MTS)assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometry.Furthermore,Wes-tern blot assay was used to detect the expressions of Bim,Bcl -2 and cleaved Caspase -9.At last,the expressions of Bim and Bcl -2 in clinical T -ALL patient samples were also detected by using Western blot assay.Results MTS as-say showed that Flavokawain B significantly inhibited the cellular proliferation of T -ALL cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner(P <0.01 ).Flow cytometry findings revealed that Flavokawain B significantly induced the apoptosis of T -ALL cells in a dose -dependent manner(P <0.001 ).Western blot results indicated that Flavokawain B in-creased the expression of Bim and cleaved Caspase -9,and decreased the expression of Bcl -2 in T -ALL cell lines, which increased Bim and decreased Bcl -2 in clinical T -ALL patients samples,both in a dose -dependent manner. Conclusions Flavokawain B can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of T -ALL cells by up -regulating the expression of Bim and down -regulating the expression of Bcl -2 and activating Caspase -9,whether resistant to glu-cocorticoids or not.