Objective To investigate the pro-inflammatory effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) and its machanism. Methods TGF-β1-induced RPMCs model in vitro was established, and the expression of MCP-1 in the TGF-β1-induced RPMCs was observed. The intervention of Smad7 on the expression of MCP-1 and p38 signal proteins induced by TGF-β1 in RPMCs was explored as well as the intervention of p38 inhibitor SB203580 on the expression of MCP-1 induced by TGF-β1 in RPMCs. Results TGF-β1 could stimulate MCP-1 expression in RPMCs. Compared with control group, MCP-1 mRNA levels were significantly increased after 3 h treatment with TGF-β1 (P<0.05), peak MCP-1 induction occurred at 6 h (P<0.01), and the stimulatory effect of TGF-β1 persisted through 24 h (P<0.05). MCP-1 protein levels were significantly increased after 6 h treatment with TGF-β1(P<0.05), peak MCP-1 induction occurred at 48 h(P<0.01). Over-expressed Smad7 and p38 inhibitor could reduce the expression of MCP-1 induced by TGF-β1 (P<0.05). TGF-β1 could activate p38 signaling pathway, but over-expressed Smad7 could inhibit this role of TGF-β1. Compared with control group, the expression level of p-p38 was increased in TGF-β1-stimulated group. Compared with TGF-β1-stimulated group, the expression level of p-p38 was reduced in Smad7 gene transfer group. Conclusions TGF-β1-induced MCP-1 expression in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells is p38MAPK dependent.

Objective To compare the effect of Devine surgery with different fixed positions in the treatment of concealed penis.Methods According to the different fixed positions,45 patients with concealed penis in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2015 were divided into two groups:20 patients were treated with the method that fixing the scapus penis to dermis of the penis' root (group A);the other 25 patients were treated with the method that fixing the scapus penis to pectineal fascia (group B).The surgical success rate,the penile length,and the edema time after surgery between two groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference in surgical success rate and edema time between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).But the penile length of group B was longer than that of group A after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of concealed penis with Devine surgery,comparing to the method which fixing scapus penis to dermis of penis'root,the method which fixing scapus penis to fascia pectinea is much better in penile length and penile appearance.

Objective To analyze clinical features and surgical treatment of thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) in adult patients.Methods Clinical data of 36 adult patients with TDC were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the 36 patients received surgical resection of Sistrunk's procedure.One case suffered wound infection after the operation.Two cases recurred(recurrence rate:5.6％)but cured after the 2nd operation and showed no sign of recurrence during the follow up of 18 and 26 months respectively.No other complications were reported.Conclusions Etiological factors,pathological and anatomical features need to be analyzed.Surgical treatment should focus on hyoid bone and the upper area.The recurrence rate depends on total resection of cyst.

Objective To investigate the expression of matrixmetalloprotein -9(MMP-9)and E-cad-herin in triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC) and its relationship with the clinicopathologic features of TNBC .To analyze the function of MMP -9 and E-cadherin in TNBC .Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MMP -9 and E-cadherin in 127 cases of TNBC.Results The MMP-9 positive rate was 53.54%and E-cadherin positive grade was 32.28%in TNBC.Expression of MMP-9 was correlated with tumor size(P=0.007),histological grade(P=0.006),TNM stage(P=0.003),lymph node metastasis(P=0.000)and lymph duct invasive(P=0.000).Expression of E-cadherin was correlated with lymph node metasta-sis(P=0.016)and lymph duct invasive(P=0.015).However,they were not correlated with other factors .Con-clusion The expression of MMP -9 and E -cadherin was correlated with invasion and metastasis in TNBC , which could be an important research topic in the future studies .

AIM: To observe the expression of fractalkine, and its receptor, CX3CR1, in renal tissues of patients with diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis (WHO class IV), minimal glomerular abnormalities, and normal kidney. Meanwhile, the correlation among the expression of fractalkine, CX3CR1 and CD68-positive macrophages was investigated, and the role of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis was discussed. METHODS: The expressions of fractalkine, CX3CR1 and CD68 were detected immunohistochemically in kidney tissue sections obtained from twenty-one patients with WHO class IV lupus nephritis, eighteen cases with minimal glomerular abnormalities, and eight normal kidneys which were no abnormality under light microscope. RESULTS: (1) Fractalkine was generally indistinguishable in tissue sections from normal kidney and minimal glomerular abnormalities. CX3CR1-positive cells and CD68-positive macrophages were sparsely detected in the glomeruli and in the cortical interstitium. (2) There were considerable CX3CR1-positive cells and macrophages in both the glomeruli and the interstitium in sections from class IV lupus nephritis. The number of CX3CR1-positive cells significantly correlated with the number of macrophages in the glomeruli and in the interstitium respectively (r=0.956, P

Objective To provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of staphylococcus peritonitis through retrospective analysis of peritoneal dialysis related clinical characters. Methods Patients who experienced staphylococcus peritonitis were observed as peritonitis group.Patients did not experience peritonitis were observed as one-to-one control group in order to investigate predictors of staphylococcus peritonitis,bacteria spectrum,antimicrobial resistance and clinical outcomes. Results There were 74 patients enrolled in either group.For patients in peritonitis group,Kt/V(1.74±0.03 vs 2.61±0.48,P＜0.01),CrCL[(55.82±2.22) ml/min vs (76.13±17.42) ml/min,P＜0.01],GFR [(1.32±0.55) ml/min vs (3.08±0.75) ml/min,P＜0.01],nutrition index,hemoglobin[(91.70±25.43) g/L vs (111.50±19.59) g/L,P＜0.01],potassium[(3.43±0.70) mmol/L vs (3.78±0.73) mmol/L,P=0.002],sodium [(137.09±5.06) mmol/L vs (140.57±3.55)mmol/L,P＜0.01],chloride [(98.31±6.14) mmol/L vs (101.52±4.58) mmol/L,P=0.001] and calcium [(2.23±0.24) mmol/L vs (2.31±0.22) mmol/L,P=0.04] in serum were significantly lower than those in control group.The morbidity of staphylococcus peritonitis was 0.030 episode per year in recent five yearn.The major strains were Staphylococcus epidermidis,followed by Staphylococcus aureus.Staphylococci were all sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid.The cure rate was 89.19％,and mortality was 4.05％.Relapse rate of Staphylococcus epidermidis peritonitis was higher (40％) than other strains. Conclusions Poor nutrition,insufficient dialysis,longer followup interval,anemia,electrolytic imbalance are the risk factors of Staphylococcus peritonitis.The morbidity and mortality are lower than before.Staphylococcus epidermidis peritonitis has higher relapse rate and requires more attention to prevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of supernatant of cultured mesangial vcells with serum IgA1 from [gA nephropathy patients on apoptosis of podocyte. Methods Jacalin affinity chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 molecular sieve chromatography were used to isolate IgA1. Apoptosis rate of podocyte was assessed by flow cytometer. Monomeric IgA1 (mIgA1) was transformed to aggregated IgA1(aIgA1) by heating. IgA-mesangial cell supernatant was prepared by collecting spent medium in which growth-arrested mesangial cells were incubated with different aIgA1, then the medium with RPMI 1640 containing 0.5%FBS was cultured with growth-arrested podocyte. Real time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and Fas-L. Results Apoptosis rate of podocyte by supematant of cultured mesangial cell with algal from IgAN patients was higher than that from healthy and control groups [(28.5±5.9 ) % vs (22.5± 5.8)%, (20.5±4.5)%, all P<0.05]. Fas mRNA expression of podocyte exposed to supematant of cultured mesangial cells with aIgA1 from IgAN patients increased significantly and was 1.89 folds of control (P<0.05), while Bcl-2 mRNA expression significantly decreased and was 72% of control (P<0.05). The concentrations of Ang Ⅱ and TGF-β in supernatant of cultured mesangial cells with IgA1 from IgA nephropathy were significantly higher than those from healthy control [(13.2±3.4) ng/L vs (8.2±2.3) ng/L, /'<0.05; (15.4±3.4) ng/L vs (10.8±3.2) ng/L, P<0.05]. Conclusion Supernatant of cultured mesangial cells with IgA1 from IgA nephroapthy patients can induce apoptosis of podocyte, which may play a role in the progression of IgAN.

Objective To investigate the extraction process of Yuchang granules .Methods The extraction process was optimized by orthogonal experiment based on the content of berberine ,atractylodes lactone Ⅰ and the extraction yield .Results Through the visual analysis of orthogonal experiment ,the analysis of variance and the verification experiments ,the optimum extraction process was obtained as follows :extracting 1 h for twice with 10 times water of medicinal herbs and the 70％ ethanol depositing concentration .Conclusion This process is consistent and feasible .It is a simple and convenient method to extract Yuchang granules .

Objective: To understand the awareness of sexual knowledge among primary and secondary school students, as well as their attitudes towards school sex education and to provide a reference for school-based sex education. Methods: A total of 5 531 primary and secondary school students were selected from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang (Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei (Wuhan and Xiaogan) by stratified cluster sampling and were investigated with self-reported questionnaire. Results: Sex-related knowledge scored 62.33±19.35, with a pass rate of 61.9%, and the excellent rate 17.5%. Sexual knowledge of junior high school students scored 64.30±19.07, with the pass rate of 64.7%, and the excellent rate 22.0%. A large proportion of primary students reported unaware of pubertal growth and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, and a large proportion of junior high students unaware of reproductive physiology. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed region, grade, gender, and suburban areas were related to the level of sexual knowledge(P<0.05). More than 76.0% primary students and 85.9% middle school students agreed on the importance of school sexuality education. 59.7% of primary school students and 73.3% of junior high school students hoped to include school sexuality education in compulsory education courses; 59.8% of primary school students and 68.3% of junior high school students felt that school sexuality education should be equipped with specialized teachers. Conclusion Chinese primary and secondary school students are lack of sexual knowledge. As students have strong wills to get more information on sexual knowledge, schools should provide them with more comprehensive and effective sex education through appropriate courses and activities.

Objective To investigate the relationship between nutritional risk status and implementation of nutrition therapy in mechanical ventilated (MV) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, so as to provide evidence for individualized nutrition therapy. Methods A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted. MV COPD patients admitted to Department of Intensive Care Units (ICU) of 10 County Hospitals in Zhejiang Province from January 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled, and according to nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) score, they were divided into nutritional high risk group (NRS2002 3-5) and nutritional extremely high risk group (NRS2002 6-7). Nutrition therapy situation and hospital mortality were compared between the two groups; multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with COPD under mechanical ventilation. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the prognosis at 30 days; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to test the robustness of multivariable regression analysis. Results ① One hundred and six COPD patients with MV were analyzed; among them, 90 patients were in the nutritional high risk group, and 16 were in the nutritional extremely high risk group. There were no significant differences in age, gender and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups (all P > 0.05); the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score, NRS2002 score in patients of nutrition risk extremely high group were obviously higher than that in patients with nutrition high risk group (APACHEⅡ: 24.9±6.1 vs. 20.3±5.8, NRS2002 score: 6.3±0.5 vs. 4.2±0.8, both P < 0.05). ② Patients in both groups received early enteral nutrition (EN) therapy, the proportion of patients in nutritional extremely high risk group received early EN was lower than that of patients in the nutritional high risk group [12.5% (2/16) vs. 17.7% (16/90)], along with the prolongation of hospital stay, the proportions of patients beginning to receive the EN were gradually increased in the nutrition extremely high risk group and high risk group, after 2 days the EN increased significantly, and reached the highest value on day 6 after entering ICU [100.0% (16/16), 98.9% (89/90), respectively]; within 3 days after admission into ICU, the proportion of EN in nutrition extremely high risk group was obviously lower than that in nutrition high risk group, and from day 4, there was no statistical significant difference in proportion of EN between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The time to start parenteral nutrition (PN) treatment was relatively early admission to the ICU on day 1 and the proportion of this therapy was high in the two groups [56.2% (9/16), 27.7% (25/90), respectively], the PN proportion did not decrease with the length of hospitalization and the increase of EN. The proportion of patients in the nutrition extremely high risk group who started PN treatment was higher, which reached 56.2% admission to the ICU on day 1.③ With extension of hospital stay, the calories of EN were gradually increased in the nutritional high risk group, the highest calories in nutritional high risk groups was 4 318 (3 912, 4 812) kJ/d at day 7; while the highest calories in nutritional extremely high risk groups was 3 602 (2 167, 4 615) kJ/d at day 6 and a slight decreased at day 7; the difference of calories within the first week between the two groups had no significance (all P > 0.05). The calorific value of PN therapy remained at a constant level during hospitalization within 7 days, and after admission into ICU for 4-5 days, the target range of calories was achieved. ④ Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the mortality at 30 days in the extremely high risk group was significantly higher than that in the high risk group [62.5% (10/16) vs. 11.1% (10/90), χ2 = 15.4, P < 0.01]. ⑤ Multiple cox-regression analysis showed that NRS2002 scoring was the independent risk factor affecting the mortality of patients in hospital [odds ratio (OR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.39-3.12, P = 0.005]. ⑥ ROC curve analysis: according to ROC curve analysis of the effectiveness of multi-factor regression model, area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.79, sensitivity was 70.00%, specificity was 74.42%, positive likelihood ratio was 2.74, negative likelihood ratio was 0.40, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.702-0.864, P = 0.001, and it showed that the regression model had a good prediction effect. Conclusions MV COPD patients have significant nutritional risk and all receive early EN therapy. The proportion of beginning to use PN treatment in patients with nutritional extremely high risk is relatively high. Initial nutritional status is the independent risk factor of poor prognosis in MV patients with COPD.