Adipose tissue,derived from the mesoderm, consists of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction.Stromal vascular fraction is a cell population that has not been fully identified, which contains a variety of stem/progenitor cells.Recent studies have indicated that adipose tissue contains a certain amount of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to maintain its hematopoietic regeneration potential,but the specific mechanism of regulation is not clear yet.This review is mainly about the research progress of adipose tissue and its relationship with bone marrow microenvironment, providing a new idea for understanding the hematopoietic regeneration potential of adipose tissue.

The statement on the depth of needle insertion is collected from Neiiing (nternal Classic) and Nanjing (Classic of Medical Problems) and the relationship of it is discussed with meridians, diseases, symptoms, location of sickness, qi and blood changes in human body, time, layers of needle insertion, reinforcing and reducing of acupuncture, etc. The factors are explored for the determination of the puncture depth, which provides the important guidance for the depth of insertion, needling sensation, reinforcing and reducing manipulations, acupuncture effect and the improvement of acupuncture efficacy. The complex and mystery of acupuncture technique focus on the control of insertion depth. In clinical practice, the increase of needle insertion depth may not induce the equal increase of efficacy. The depth of needle insertion is rather relevant with stimulation at the effective acupoint in the effective layer.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Needles ; history ; Sensation

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture by selecting points from the Lung and Stomach Meridians based on the theory of accumulation in stomach and connection with lung in treating post-infectious cough.Method Ninety patients with post-infectious cough were randomized into treatment group 1, treatment group 2, and a control group. Treatment group 1 was intervened by acupuncture at points from the Lung and Stomach Meridians, treatment group 2 was by puncturing points from the Lung Meridian, and the control group was by oral administration of Compound Methoxyphenamine Capsule. Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) was adopted for observation before and after intervention, and the symptom and clinical efficacies were compared between the groups.Result The total effective rate was 90.0% in treatment group 1, versus 83.3% in treatment group 2, and 80.0% in the control group. The total effective rate of treatment group 1 was significantly different from that in treatment group 2 and the control group (P<0.05). Regarding cough during the daytime, the total effective rate was 93.3% in treatment group 1, versus 83.3% in treatment group 2 and 76.7% in the control group. The total effective rate in treatment group 1 for cough during the daytime was significantly different from that in treatment group 2 and the control group, and the total effective rate in treatment group 2 was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). For cough at night, the total effective rate in treatment group 1 was 86.7%, versus 80.0% in treatment group 2 and 80.0% in the control group. The total effective rate in treatment group 1 for cough at night was significantly different from that in treatment group 2 and the control group (P<0.05). The LCQ score in treatment group 1 was markedly different from that in treatment group 2 and the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture based on lung-stomach theory is an effective approach in treating post-infectious cough, and this method has an advantage of general regulation.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of nimesulide granules by HPLC. Methods:An Inertsil ODS-SP C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used, and the mobile phase was 0. 01 mol·L-1 potassium hydrogen phosphate anhy-drous-acetonitrile(55∶45)[adjusting pH to (7. 2 ± 0. 05) with phosphoric acid]. The detection wavelength was set at 399nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1. The injection volume was 20 μl. Results: The linear range of nimesulide was 0.044-0.222 μg(r=0. 999 9), the average recovery was 99. 22% and RSD was 0. 46%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate with promis-ing sensitivity and reproducibility, and can be used in the determination of nimesulide granules .

This paper was aimed to establish the curative effect evaluation indexes scientifically , which is the key technical step for the study of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) effect evaluation methods under the mode of disease-syndrome combination. However, there is still a lack of generally accepted methods. In this paper , several key technical steps in the research process for establishing the curative effect evaluation indexes were put forward , namely , the framework of scientific and reasonable formation on the evaluation indexes is the premise; target selection of evaluation indexes is the core link; the evaluation and verification of evaluation in-dexes are key points , which provide the methodology reference for similar research in this field .

According to the current situation and issues about the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical treatment guidelines,to put forward ideas on the guidelines development:founding up an efficient organization composed of multi-disciplinary staff; following the procedures of the guidelines formulation and ensuring process quality; paying attention to evidence collection,evaluation,integration and recommendation; improving grade of TCM clinical evidence,exploring research methods appropriated to the characteristics of TCM; assessing the guidelines in order to enhance applicability of the guidelines,and so on.According to the features and reality of TCM,to put emphasis on improvement of the grade of the TCM clinical evidence,exploration and establishment of evidence evaluation and classification methods appropriated to the characteristics of TCM; exploration of recommendation methods reflected the characteristics of TCM,other relevant issues also in discussed.

Based on the position and signifi cance of the syndrome in effect evaluation under the diagnose and treatment mode of the disease binding study and limitations of evaluation methods on some syndrome change,the article pointed out the comprehensive evaluation methods and possible ways by the combination of the evaluation on turnover regularity of syndrome and certain change of some syndrome,as well as preliminarily discussed several problems which should be paid attention to.

Objective To investigate the long-term programming effects on pubertal reproductive function by immunological challenge in early life. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) at a dosage of 50 μg/kg and saline intraperitoneally on postnatal day 3 and 5. Body weight was measured weekly. Puberty onset ( vaginal opening) and oestrous cyclicity were monitored from postnatal day 30. At the age of 6 weeks, bilateral ovariectomy was performed. The histological and morphological change of the ovaries (the thickness of the theca interna and the number of different kinds of follicles) were observed and the immunoreactivity of the ovarian sympathetic nerve markers (low affinity receptor of nerve growth factor, p75NGFR) was evaluated by immune staining. Results Immunological challenge (exposed to LPS) in early life delayed vaginal opening significantly [LPS-treated (40.6 ±0.7) days versus controls ( 38. 6 ± 0. 5 ) days, P ＜ 0. 05], decreased the percentage of normal oestrous cyclicity ( LPS-treated 26. 1% versus controls 66. 8% , P＜ 0. 05 ) , decreased the total number of different types of follicles (primordial follicles: LPS-treated 610 ±47 versus controls 1181 ±57, P ＜ 0. 05; primary follicles: LPS-treated 624 ±41 versus controls 960 ± 30, P ＜ 0. 05 ; preantral follicles: LPS-treated 183 ± 16 versus controls 260 ± 14, P ＜ 0. 05; antral follicles: LPS-treated 32 ± 4 versus controls 79 ± 7, P ＜ 0. 05) and increased the thickness of the theca interna [LPS-treated ( 15. 8 ±0. 4) μm versus controls (11.4 ±0. 3) μm, P ＜ 0. 05]. The immunostaining of p75NGFR was obviously enhanced in the LPS-treated ovaries when compared with that of controls ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusions Immunological stress during early critical developmental windows could have long dysfunctional effects on the pubertal reproductive function. It delayed puberty onset, reduced the percentage of the normal oestrous cycles, decreased follicles reserve and increased the thickness of the theca interna which might involve the up-regulation of the local ovarian sympathetic nerve activity.

Objective The laterally spreading tumor (LST) of the large intestine have received a great deal of study in Japan, but no report of such cases was found in China. We here of report 46 cases of LST (47 lesions, because one of the patients was found to have two lesions) diagnosed in our hospital in last two years. The morphological features under endoscopy, pit pattern, pathology and treatment under endoscopy were studied. Methods The 47 lesions of LST were found in a total of 5 735 patients who underwent colonoscopic examination in the last two years (from 01-12-2000 to 30-11-2002). The site, size and morphological features of LST were recorded, and the pit pattern was classified with magnification. 42 patients (totally 42 lesions) received colonoscopic surgery, and the rest refused to accept endoscopic therapy, therefore only a biopsy was done for pathological study. In those patients who accepted colonoscopic surgery, 14 patients were treated by mucosal resection (EMR) after injection of saline solution, 24 were treated by piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR) after injection of saline solution, in 3 patients the lesion was removed by high frequency loop resection, and Cap-EMR was performed using distal hyaline hat attachment fitted to the end of endoscope. The resected or biopsy specimens were studied pathologically. Results 47 lesions of LST were found in a total of 5863 patients who underwent colonoscopic examination. The distrihution of LST lesions were as follows. 22 lesions were situated in the rectum, 10 lesions in the sigmoid colon, 7 lesions in the descending colon, 4 lesions in the transverse colon, 2 lesions in the ascending colon, and 2 lesions were located in the cecum. Macroscopic type: 25 lesions were homogeneous granular type, 12 lesions were mixed nodular granular type, 8 lesions were flat elevated type, and 2 lesions were pseudo-depressed type. The pit pattern as revealed under magnifying endoscopy indicated that 2 lesions were of type II pit, 8 lesion of type II+III L pit, 9 lesions of type III L pit, and 28 lesions of type IV. The pathological diagnosis revealed that 28 lesions were villous adenomas in which 7 lesions showed early malignant degeneration (6 intramucosal cancer and 1 submucosal cancer). 11 lesions were tubular adenomas, in which 1 was intramucosal cancer, 2 lesions were hyperplastic polyp, and 6 lesions were mixed hyperplastic polyps (serrated adenomas). Conclusion The LST manifest some special features, and their incidence may be higher in China than in Japan. EMR or EPMR may be considered as a good method for treatment for LST.

To study the regulation effect of Sheng-mai San (SMS)on intestinal dysbacteriosis,ceftriaxone sodium was used to induce intestinal dysbacteriosis in vitro,the bacteria were cultured in the selective medium and enu-merated by plat counting method,and the short chain fatty acid were also analyzed .The results showed that SMS (16.5,11.2,5.5 mg/mL)could significantly inhibit the proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria such as Enterococci,Enterobacteriaceae and promote the proliferation of Lactobacillus and Clostridum.Compared with the model group,the proliferation of Enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae was inhibited by 24.9% and 19.1%,while the proliferation of Lactobacillus and Clostridum was increased by 22.3% and 25.8% respectively in the middle-concentration of SMS group (11.2 mg/mL)at 24 h.Meanwhile,SMS in different concentration significantly increase the accumulation of acetic acid and propionic acid generated by gut microbes which could significantly inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria.And SMS showed prebiotic effects on intestinal microflora imbalance induced by antibiotics in vitro.