Objective To explore the cognitive changes of patients with MCI using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MOCA) for elderly preliminarily.Methods 85 normal controls (NC),117 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 73 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were assessed with the MOCA.Results There were significant differences among the three groups in all items of MOCA(F=258.66,P＜0.01).Significant differences were observed in almost all the sub-tests between MCI group and NC group or MCI group and AD group(visuopatial F=54.86,P＜0.01;naming F=17.30,P＜0.01;attention F=82.50,P＜0.01;language F=25,88,P＜0.01;abstraction F=15.00 ,P＜0.01;delayed recall F=130.49,P＜0.01;orientation F=176.09,P＜0.01.).The most significant differences were found in delayed recall and orientation among three groups(F=176.09,P＜0.01;F=130.49,P＜0.01.).At 26 cut-point,The results of screening of the MOCA agree with the gold standard of clinical diagnose for the patient with MCI.The agreement rate for observation was 0.93.The agreement rate by chance was 0.61.The Kappa was 0.85.Conclusions The MOCA appropriately define MCI,NC and AD in their cognitive function,it has good discriminant validity.The test of delayed recall and orientation may be more sensitive in the detection of the older people.The MOCA is a useful screening instrument for the patient with MCI.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect in two kinds of inhalation in infant asthmatic bronchitis.Methods Two hundred and twelve asthmatic bronchitis children were randomly divided into group A (103 cases) and group B (109 cases).The children in two groups were treated with conventional therapy,including antibiotics,fluids and other treatment.The children in group A were given budesonide 1 mg,terbutaline 5 mg plus 0.9％ sodium chlorine in 2 ml,with oxygen driven inhalation therapy,2-4 times/d.The children in group B were given albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol 1-4 spray/times,4-6 times/d,inhaled fluticasone quantitative aerosol spray 1-2 spray/times,2 times/d,15 s/times.The course of two groups was 5-7 d.The therapeutic effect was compared.Results The total effective rate in group A and group B were 92.2 ％ (95/103) and 97.2 ％ (106/109),there was no significant difference (x2 =2.73,P ＞ 0.05).The relieve time of cough,gasping and wheezing,hospital stay in group B were shorter than those in group A [(12.00 ± 2.75) h vs.(29.00 ± 1.25) h,(10.00 ± 1.45) h vs.(31.00 ± 2.75) h,(13.00 ± 1.55) h vs.(33.00 ± 2.33) h,(7.20 ± 0.65) d vs.(8.70 ± 1.35) d],the cost of hospitalization in group B was lower than that in group A [(2.00 ± 0.30) thousand Yuan vs.(2.50 ± 0.55) thousand Yuan],there were significant differences(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The albuterol inhalation solution combined with fluticasone has the advantages of rapid efficacy,short course,low cost,easy to accept and adjust.It is worth to spread in primary hospital.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of different doses of budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation in children with post infectious cough,and provide reference for the rational use of budesonide.Methods One hundred and twenty children with post infectious cough aged 2-14 years old were selected and divided into three groups by random digits table method (40 cases in each group).Control group was treated with 4 mg once montelukast sodium chewable tablets for 2-5 years old children,or 5 mg once for 6-14 years old children.Low-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 0.5 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group and high-dose group was treated 2 times/d with a dose of 1.0 mg budesonide mixed suspension diluted in normal saline to 4 ml based on control group.The outcome of curative effects were recorded and analyzed after 7 days of treatment.Results The total efficacy rate was 70.0％(28/40),52.5％(21/40),35.0％(14/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 3 days of treatment,and there was significant difference between high-dose group and control group (P＜ 0.01).The total efficacy rate was 92.5％(37/40),90.0％(36/40),72.5％ (29/40) in high-dose group,low-dose group and control group after 7 days of treatment,and there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.025).Few adverse events associated with inhaled corticosteroids,such as thrush,sore throat,hoarseness were observed in three groups.Conclusions Budesonide mixed suspension atomization inhalation alleviates symptom of post infectious cough significantly with no obvious side effects,even in high-dose group which has a more outstanding efficacy.Therefore,this therapy is valuable in clinical application.

Objective To study the efficiency of reversing MDR by suppressing MDR1 gene with RNAi in K562/ADM cells. Methods For reversing MDR by RNAi technology, two different short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed and constructed into pGenSil-1 plasmid, respectively. They were then transfected into the highly adriamycin-resistant K562/ADM cell line. The RNAi effect on MDR was evaluated by real-time PCR, and Rhodamine123 (Rh123) efflux assy. Results The stable transfected clones showed varied degrees of reversal of MDR phenotype. Surprisingly, the MDR phenotype was completely reversed in two transfected clones. Conclusion This study demonstrates that MDR can be reversed by the shRNA-mediated RNAi in K562/ADM cells, which provides a valuable clue as to sensitizing multidrug-resistant hepatoma cells to anti-cancer drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To detect whether there is mixing of norfloxacin in loperamide hydrochloride capsules by UPLC-MS. METHODS: The separation of norfloxacin was performed on C18 column with column temperature set at 35 ℃, and the mobile phase was composed of acetronitrile and 0.1% formic acid (gradient elution) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL?min-1. The sample size was 10 ?L. ESI source was applied with capillary tube tension at 3.0 kV and ion source temperature at 110 ℃, and scan mode was multiple reaction monitor. RESULTS: It has been proved that there was norfloxacin in 2 of the total 5 batches of samples based on the data of retention time of RP-HPLC including ultraviolet spectra, the quasi-molecular ion and the second order mass spectra split fragments. CONCLUSION: The method is highly selective and sensitive, and can be used to detect whether norfloxacin has been illegally added into loperamide hydrochloride capsules.

Objective To study the ultrastructure changes of hippocampus pyramidal cells and capillaries in genetically diabetic mice C57BL/KsJ (db/db).Methods We chose 5 obese C57BL/KsJ db/db mice of 6 weeks old with fast blood glucose (FBG) higher than 11 1mmol/L as diabetic group and 5 normal weight C57BL/KsJ (?/+) mice with FBG lower than 6 0mmol/L as normal group. Mice were killed at 30 weeks and hippocampus samples were embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were cut with ultrathin microtome and observed with electron microscopes. Results Pyramidal cells of hippocampus in diabetic mice had significant retrograde changes. The basement membrane of capillaries thickened significantly and endothelial cells and pericytes degenerated.Conclusion The significant pathological changes in hippocampus pyramidal cells and capillaries of diabetic mice may related to dysfunction of cognition.

Objective To investigate the impacts of psychosocial factors on the development of breast cancer.Methods Thirty-seven patients with confirmed breast cancer and 37 healthy women were enrolled in this study to complete psychological assessment,including ENRICH marital inventory,Life Event Scale(LES),Social Support Rate Scale(SSRS),and Trait Copying Styles Questionnaire(TCSQ).Results In comparison with the healthy controls,the patients experienced more stress events and negative response,and lowered quality of marriage over the last 5 years.The logistic regressive analyses indicated that the important contributors to breast cancer were stress events,objective social support and negative coping styles.Conclusion Stress events,insufficient access to available psychosocial support and negative responses are important risk factors of breast cancer in women.

Objective To analyze the examination results of external quality assessment(EQA),at all levels of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) net work laboratories in Ningxia from 2002 to 2012,and to provide a reliable laboratory quality assurance for surveillance and control of IDD.Methods The data of IDD network laboratories at Ningxia provincial,municipal and county levels from 2002 to 2012 were collected and analyzed.Results Both of the response rate and qualification rate of salt iodine and urinary iodine laboratories at the provincial level were 100％ in the past 11 years.The response rate and qualification rate of salt iodine laboratories at municipal level were also 100％ ; the response rate of urinary iodine was 100％ since 2005,and the qualification rate had been 100％ for six years since 2007.The response rate of salt iodine at county level had been 100％ since 2004,and the qualification rate had been 100％ for four years since 2009.Conclusions IDD network laboratory in Ningxia Province runs good,and the quality control measures are solid and effective.

Objective To develop novel disposable liquid filling device as well as its function and clinical value. Methods The experimental group adopted disposable liquid filling device,while the control group used injector simply.The result underwent comparison analysis,including time cost for liquid preparation,pollution of medical sollution by bacteria and particles and spattering of medical sol-lution. Results Disposable liquid filling device shortened time cost for liquid preparation,reduced pollution of medical sollution by bacteria and particles and prevented spattering of medical sellution. Condusions Disposable liquid filling device possesses many characteristics such as simple structure,low cost, easy operation,high efficiency,reduction of medical sollution pollution and prevention of spattering.It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To compare the treatment outcomes between minimally invasive perventricular device occlusion (MIPDO) and right subaxillary incision surgical repair(RSISR) on perimembranous ventricular septal defect(PmVSD) in children less than 15 kilograms.Methods From January,2010 to January,2013,a total of 530 infants(age ＜ 3 years,weigh ＜ 15 kg) with PmVSD enrolled and they were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods at random.Group 1 (265 cases) was arranged perventricular device closure with modified occluders through a lower partial median sternotomy under transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance;group 2 (265 cases) was arranged surgical repair on cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) through a right subaxillary small incision.A prospective randomized controlled study was performed between two groups on success rate,operation time,volume of blood loss and transfusion,length of intubation and ICU stay,complications,expenses and follow-up results etc.Results All patients in two groups obtained effective treatment with no death or serious life-threatening complications.Group 1:255 cases (96.23％) underwent successfully MIPDO.The remainder 10 cases (3.77％) who failed in attempt were successfully converted to conventional open heart operation by extending the original incision.Different arrhythmias arose in 30 cases(11.76％),including incomplete left bundle branch block(ILBB) in 3 cases(1.18％),complete right bundle branch block(CRBB) in 3 cases(1.18％),incomplete right bundle branch block(IRBB) in 16 cases(6.27％),Ⅰ° atrioventricular block(Ⅰ°AVB) in 8 cases(3.14％);trivial residual shunt(RS) in 18 cases(7.06％);newly arose trivial tricuspid regurgitation(TR) in 29 cases(11.37％).Group 2:All the patients(100％) underwent successful surgical repair through right subaxillary incision.Different arrhythmias occurred in 116 cases (43.77％),including transient complete atrioventricular block(CAVB) and ILBB in 2 cases respective(0.75％),junctional ectopic tachycardia(JET) in 1 cases(0.38％),CRBB in 61 cases(23.02％),IRBB in 52 cases(19.62％);trivial RS in 16 cases (6.04％);newly arose trivial TR in 11 cases(4.15％);heart dysfunction in 17 patients(6.42％).All patients were followed up for more than 12 months,and there were no newly happened or aggravated valve regurgitation or late onset CAVB in two groups.The final treatment effects are similar in both groups.But group 1 was significantly superior to group 2 in the aspects of operation time,volume of blood loss and consumption,length of intubation and ICU stay,hospitalizations and costs(all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of TR is higher in group 1 (P ＜ 0.05),and that of right bundle branch block was higher in group 2 (P ＜ 0.05).The incision is longer in group 2,but in a less exposed location.CPB is not needed in group 1,but anticoagulant drug is required for 3-6 months.Conclusion Both RSISR and MIPDO are effective treatment methods of PmVSD.Though having some limitations,MIPDO which characterized by simple procedure,minimal invasion,quick recovery,saving of medical resources could not only minimize the surgical trauma to patients,but also ensure the safety of operation to the maximum extent.However,the patient selection is vital.For selected patients,especially those of moderate PmVSDs with obvious clinical symptoms but no cardiac valve regurgitation,it is an ideal approach.