Objective To explore the multi-resistance pattern of 88 strains of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacteria in recent years,so as to provide reference for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.Methods Absolute concentration method was applied to performing drug susceptibility test for 181 isolates of Mycobacteria to 10 kinds of antitubercuIosis drugs. Results The primary resistance rate was 19.3%,and the acquired drug resistance rate Was 55.8%.The percentage of isoniazid-or double resistant-Mycobacteria was 37.6%.The Mycobacterium which was resistant to three or above drugs accounted for 85.2 %.Conclusion The majority of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium is a multi-resistant strain,which should be thought highly in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis to control or reduce the initial and acquired resistance rates.

Aim To establish experimental colitis model in Balb/c mice by Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid (TNBS) enema. Methods Several doses of TNBS instilled into mice colon induced experimental colitis, then mortality rates of mice were observed. Severity of colitis was evaluated by the Disease Activity Index (DAI),Morphologic and Histologic analysis and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) analysis. We also observed the T cell proliferation of spleen. Results It showed that the mice mortality rate was increased when the mice were given the higher dose of TNBS. Most survived mice showed chronic inflammation in reduction colon. Histological examinations of the colon showed multiple erosive lesions and inflammatory cell infiltration composed of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils in lamina propria and beyond mucosal layer. Some colon showed crypt distortion or reduction and high vascular density. Conclusion A TNBS dose of 1.5mg for each mouse was chosen for an appropriate experimental dose since the group showed less mortality rate and appropriate experimental colitis.

Objective To verify whether cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) can be used as an effective method to assess vestibular functions in diabetic rats ,we examined and analyzed cervical vestibular e-voked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in different duration diabetic rats and normal rats .Methods A total of 220 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and diabetes group (n= 200) .The diabetic rats were further divided into 4 ,6 ,8 ,10 ,and 12 week groups (40 rats each group) according to the diabetes duration . Diabetes was induced by STZ .The general situation ,ABR and cVEMP were conducted in all the groups .Results All diabetic groups appeared typical diabetic symptoms including polydipsia ,polyuria ,more food ,weight loss (P<0 .01) and blood glucose elevation (P<0 .01) .The threshold of ABR was significantly elevated (P<0 .05) in the 6 , 8 ,10 ,and 12 week diabetic group .Compared to the normal group ,the threshold of cVEMP was significantly elevat-ed in 8 week(53 .87 ± 11 .16 dB nHL) ,10 week(67 .00 ± 12 .74 dB nHL) ,12 week(67 .00 ± 9 .23 dB nHL) diabetes groups(P<0 .01) and the mean latency of P1 peak was significantly prolonged (P<0 .01) in 8 week(5 .01 ± 0 .33 ms) ,10 week(5 .37 ± 0 .45 ms) ,and 12 week(5 .39 ± 0 .24 ms) .The mean latency of N1 peak was significantly pro-longed (P<0 .01) in 10 week (8 .98 ± 0 .86 ms) ,and 12 week (9 .08 ± 0 .45 ms) compared to the control group .As to P1 - N1 amplitudes ,there was no significantly difference among all groups (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion In the cVEM P test ,the threshold increased ,the PI peak latency and N1 peak latency prolonged from the 8 th week of diabe-tes rats models .Vestibular functions were descent gradually due to different degrees of vestibular end -organ impairment . All data indicated that VEM P could be used as an early diagnostic method .

Objective To study the relationship of serum 25-hydroxy vitaminD and total IgE levels in children with re-current Pneumonia but no underlying diseases. Methods Seventy-six children with recurrent pneumonia but no under-lying diseases and seventy-two children with single pneumonia who visited the hospital were divided into lob servation group. Sixty health examination children in child health clinic as a tontrol group. The levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and total IgE were compared. Results Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the re current pneumonia group than those in a single pneumonia group and control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in the a single pneumonia group were lower than those in control group, but the difference were no statistically significant (P>0.05). Serum TIgE levels were significantly higher in the recurrent pneumonia group than those in the single pneumonia group and control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum TIgE levels in single pneumonia and control, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency may be one of the factors for recurrent Pneumonia in children, attention should be paid in clinic to strengthen the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.

Objective To establish a rapid,specific and sensitive TaqMan real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay for detection of murine polyomavirus ( MPyV) .Methods The specific primers and TaqMan probe were designed based on genome sequence of MPyV.The primers amplified a 69 bp fragment.After optimizing the reaction system and reaction condition, the standard curve was plotted by detecting recombinant plasmid standards.The specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of this method were evaluated.In addition, samples of lungs, spleens and feces obtained from experimentally infected mice and 86 clinical samples were used to validate the efficacy of this real-time PCR assay.Results The specificity assay showed that this assay could specifically detect MPyV and the sensitivity for MPyV was about 100 copies/well.The coefficients of variation ( CV) of both intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 1.13%.All of the samples from experimentally infected mice were positive for MPyV and 3 out of 86 clinical samples were positive by this TaqMan-PCR detection with a positive rate of 3.5%.Conclusions The real-time fluorescence quantitative TaqMan-PCR assay established in this study has high specificity, sensitivity and stability.It can be used for clinical diagnosis, routine detection and epidemiological investigation of murine polyomavirus infections.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the heparin-binding protein (HBP),procalcitonin (PCT),C-reactive protein (CRP),white blood cell (WBC) in respiratory tract bacterial infection.Methods 66 respiratory tract bacterial infection patients,37 respiratory tract non-bacterial infection patients and 39 control group in the Third Xiangya Hospital from October 2015 to March 2017 was selected as objects in this prospective study.The levels of HBP,PCT and CRP in blood of the objects were tested with ELESA,immunofluorescence assay,immunoturbidimetry respectively;WBC counts were taken by Sysmex XE-5000 blood analyzer.The difference among the three groups was analyzed by Student's t test,one-way ANOVA or Wilcoxon test.Receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to analyze the diagnostic value of HBP,PCT,CRP and WBC in respiratory tract bacterial infection.Results The plasma level of HBP were 36.30 (7.78-89.36) ng/ml,5.57 (4.37-8.23) ng/ml,2.84 (1.53-6.51) ng/ml in respiratory tract bacterial infection group,respiratory tract non-bacterial infection group and control group respectively.The socre of PCT were 0.08 (0.04-0.83) ng/ml,0.09 (0.04-0.30) ng/ml,0.04 (0.03-0.08) ng/ml.The socre of CRP were 56.20 (19.33-76.23) mg/L,34.40 (2.15-83.95) mg/L,(2.20 ± 0.99) mg/L.The socre of WBC count were (10.59 ±4.58) × 109/L,8.40 (5.80-11.88) × 109/L,(6.14± 1.31) × 109/L.There were statistically significant differences in HBP scores between respiratory tract bacterial infection group and respiratory tract non-bacterial infection group or control group (Z =-4.828,P ＜0.001;Z =-5.685,P ＜ 0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in PCT,CRP and WBC scores between respiratory tract bacterial infection group and non-bacterial infection group (F =0.045,P ＞ 0.05;F =0.100,P ＞ 0.05;F =2.417,P ＞ 0.05),but significant differences between respiratory tract bacterial infection group and control group (Z =-2.881,P ＜ 0.05;Z =-6.595,P ＜ 0.001;t =6.499,P ＜ 0.001).The area under curve (AUC) of HBP,PCT,CRP and WBC diagnosing respiratory tract bacterial infection was 0.89,0.69,0.95 and 0.85 respectively.The AUC of HBP differential diagnosising was 0.80.Conclusion HBP can be used as an efficient supplementary indicator for respiratory tract bacterial infection,the differential diagnostic value is superior to PCT,CRP and WBC.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polymers on the formation thermodynamics of adefovir dipifoxil(AD)-saccharin(SAC)cocrystal. In the absence and presence of polymers such as polyethylene glycol, ethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and Eudragit E100, solubilities of AD and SAC in ethanol solution containing different concentrations of SAC at variable temperatures were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Appropriate mathematical model for the description of the influence of polymers and temperature on the solubility of AD-SAC cocrystal was established. The ternary phase diagrams were set up using the assayed solubilities data, and they were used to predict changes of cocrystals solubility and product yield. Addition of polymers resulted in increased solubility of AD-SAC cocrystal, decreased complexation constants(K11), enhanced solubility products(Ksp), but there was a gradually decreased free energy change(ΔG0). The areas of homogeneous liquid phase and pure solid cocrystal in equilibrium with the liquid phase in ternary phase diagrams were also found to be larger. Therefore, although there was no change to the spontaneity of AD-SAC cocrystal formation, there existed retardation to cocrystal formation and reduction in product yield of pure cocrystal in the presence of polymers. Moreover, application of polymers could broaden the concentration range of AD and SAC solutions when solution crystallization was selected to prepare cocrystal.

Objective:To investigate the changes of inflammatory factors and immune function in bronchial asthma children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Methods:From March 2019 to March 2020, 78 children with bronchial asthma and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Wenling Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as observation group, and 50 bronchial asthma children without Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection during the same period were selected as control group.The levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-13(IL-13), immunoglobulin A(IgA), immunoglobulin G(IgG) and immunoglobulin M(IgM) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry.Results:The serum levels of TNF-α[(76.42±16.51)ng/L], IL-8 [(130.92±25.45)ng/L] and IL-13 [(172.35±28.39)ng/L] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(58.93±13.24)ng/L, (89.65±17.42)ng/L and (108.47±21.42)ng/L] ( t=6.708, 11.025, 14.665, all P<0.05). The serum levels of IgA [(0.64±0.16)g/L] and IgG [(7.31±1.26)g/L] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(1.04±0.19)g/L and (8.64±1.35)g/L], while the serum level of IgM [(1.29±0.24)g/L] was higher than that in the control group [(0.97±0.18)g/L] ( t=12.587, 5.864, 8.714, all P<0.05). The CD 3+ [(62.08±3.87)%], CD 4+ [(38.98±3.31)%] and CD 4+ /CD 8+ (1.29±0.13) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(71.38±4.35)%, (45.37±3.18)% and (1.87±0.25)] ( t=12.549, 11.103, 15.512, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Children with bronchial asthma and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection have obvious inflammatory reaction and low immune function.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, and epalrestat plus methylcobalamine on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, as compared with methylcobalamine. Methods A total of 444 subjects with diabetic neuropathy were enrolled in the study, and divided into methylcobalamine group ( n= 145 ) , epalrestat group ( n = 143 ) , and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group ( n = 156 ) . Therapeutic efficacay was assessed in terms of clinical symptoms and physical examinations by using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument ( MNSI ) , and electrophysiological assessments. Results After 4 to 12-weeks′treatment, symptoms and signs of neuropathy ( using MNSI ) are significantly improved in the three groups ( P<0. 01). The mean changes of MNSI ( questionnaire) score from baseline were higher in epalrestat group and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group as compared with that of methylcobalamine group(P<0. 05), but no difference was detected in the change of MNSI ( physical examination ) score from baseline among three groups. After treatment for 12 weeks, motor nerve conduction velocity ( MNCV ) was significantly improved in epalrestat group and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group(P<0. 05), but no difference was detected in MNCV at 12 week among three groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion Epalrestat is effective and safe in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, epalrestat is more efficacious in ameliorating symptoms and MNCV of neuropathy than methylcobalamine. However, while no improved efficacy is shown with the combined treatment.

Objective To investigate the patency rate and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG) stenosis in dialysis patients. Methods The patients who were successfully treated by PTA for the first time in the blood purification center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2017, including 71 cases of AVF in the forearm, 52 cases of AVF in the upper arm and 59 cases of AVG were recorded. The data of different stenosis parts were analyzed before and after treatment and followed up for 12 months. The initial patency rate and assisted-PTA patency rate were observed at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after ultrasound interventional therapy, and the initial patency time for patients who needed to reintervention among all types of pathways were recorded. Results The initial patency rates at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after ultrasound interventional therapy were 98.59％, 90.14％, 71.93％, 54.93％ respectively in forearm AVF, 90.38％, 65.38％, 42.31％, 32.69％ respectively in upper arm AVF, 91.53％, 32.20％, 6.78％, 1.69％ respectively in AVG, and the PTA-assisted patency rates were 98.59％, 97.18％, 95.77％, 94.37％ respectively in forearm AVF, 92.31％, 86.54％, 84.62％, 80.77％respectively in upper arm AVF, 100.00％, 98.31％, 96.61％, 93.22％ respectively in AVG, while the initial patency time was (8.99 ± 3.54) months in forearm AVF, (6.33 ± 3.01) months in upper arm AVF, (4.80 ± 1.40) months in AVG respectively. Conclusions Ultrasound can comprehensively evaluate the function of peripheral vascular access, guide PTA treatment, and evaluate treatment outcomes. Ultrasound intervention therapy has best initial patency rate for forearm AVF stenosis. The prognosis of upper arm AVF stenosis PTA is relatively poor due to the easy cephalic stenosis. Although AVG has a short interval of restenosis, it can achieve a better long-term patency rate through regular intervention with ultrasound intervention.