Objective To study the ultrastructure changes of hippocampus pyramidal cells and capillaries in genetically diabetic mice C57BL/KsJ (db/db).Methods We chose 5 obese C57BL/KsJ db/db mice of 6 weeks old with fast blood glucose (FBG) higher than 11 1mmol/L as diabetic group and 5 normal weight C57BL/KsJ (?/+) mice with FBG lower than 6 0mmol/L as normal group. Mice were killed at 30 weeks and hippocampus samples were embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were cut with ultrathin microtome and observed with electron microscopes. Results Pyramidal cells of hippocampus in diabetic mice had significant retrograde changes. The basement membrane of capillaries thickened significantly and endothelial cells and pericytes degenerated.Conclusion The significant pathological changes in hippocampus pyramidal cells and capillaries of diabetic mice may related to dysfunction of cognition.

BACKGROUND: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) ischaracterized by its trophic function on motor neurons, but there is stilllack of quantitative data concerning the influence of different concentra tions of the neurotrophic factor on the growth of in vitro cultured motorneurons. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of GDNF on neuronal growth byobserving fetus rat spinal cord motor neurons cultured in vitro. DESIGN: Verifying observation taking in vitro cultured cells as subjects. SETTING: Neurological Department of the Second Hospital Affiliated toHebei Medical College. MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Neu rological Department, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical College, between January 2001 and September 2002. Adult male and female rats were raised together in the same cage, embryonic rats at 15 days of gestation were obtained for spinal cord separation. METHODS: Ventral spinal tissues were obtained from embryonic rats at 15 days of gestation for prinary in vitro culture. They were divided into four groups according to the density of GDNF, namely 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/L GDNF groups, while the culture medium in control group did not contain GDNF. Neurons were cultured in 8 wells foreach group, which was repeated for two batches. Then the influence of GDNF on spinal cord motor neu rons was observed from the perspective of cell morphology with MTF method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival rate of motor neurons andthe length of cell processes. RESULTS: ① The length of spinal cord motor neuronal processes: It was found obviously longer in GDNF 1 μg/L group, 10 μg/L group, 50 μg/L group and 100 μg/L group than in control group [(107.4±35.406 8,160.5±38.564 9, 450.5±60.640 3, 293.5±67.381 4, 82.8±7.972 5) μm, t=2.610-2.647, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Cell survival rate: It was higher in GDNF 1 μg/L group, 10 μg/L group, 50 μg/L group and 100 μ g/L group than in control group [(13.9±0.899 9, 16.1±0.668 0, 20.1±0.667 9, 26.0±0.603 0,10.5±0.782 0) μm, t=2.211-2.312, P ＜ 0.05]. ③ MTT colorimetric analy sis: It was obviously higher in GDNF 1 μg/L group, 10 μg/L group, 50 μg/Lgroup and 100 μ g/L group than in control group [(0.350±0.059 8, 0.366 7±0.071 9, 0.381 9±0.063 8, 0.395 3±0.060 5, 0.285 8±0.032 5) μm,t=2.259-2.577, P ＜ 0.05]. CONCLUSION: GDNF of different concentrations exerts different effects on in vitro cultured embryonic spinal cord motor neurons.

Objective To investigate mut-slice spiral CT(MSCT) and MRI features and correlated pathological basis of stasis cirrhosis.Methods MSCT and MRI findings of 35 patients with stasis cirrhosis (study group) and 35 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis (control group) were studied retrospectively. Volume index of liver and spleen, caliber of hepatic vein and the number of regenerative nodules exceeded 5mm in diameter were measured.The contrast-enhanced patterns of liver parenchyma, contrast medium reflux, ascites, the number of varices and correlated abnormalities were reviewed.Results The volume indexes of liver and spleen, calibers of hepatic vein were (4434.95±1283.08) cm~3,(621.92±400.33) cm~3 and (3.61±0.81) cm in the study group,(2569.73±853.06) cm~3,(1275.61±727.51) cm~3 and (1.92±0.46) cm in the control group,respectively.The number of the patients showed waves of borderline, inhomogeneous pattern of parenchymal contrast enhancement, regenerative nodules exceeded 5mm in diameter, contrast medium reflux, varices and ascites were 5, 29, 17, 20, 16 and 6 cases in the study group,29,0,5,0,35 and 26 cases in the control group,respectively,there were statistic differences between the study group and control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion MSCT and MRI play a invaluable role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis and etiological diagnosis of stasis cirrhosis.

AIM To investigate the effects of piroxicam on transplanted Sarcoma S180 and the expression of COX 2,VEGF,FGF 2 and microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue METHODS Kunming mice were randomizedly divided into control group, FT207 positive group and 5, 2 5, 1 mg?kg -1 piroxicam groups One day after inoculation of 0 2 ml S180 cell suspension, FT207 and piroxicam were given by gastric intubation for 9 days The inhibitory rate on S180 was calculated routinely The expression of COX 2,VEGF,FGF 2 and MVD was detected by immunohistochemistry RESULTS The growth of S180 was significantly inhibited by piroxicam at the doses of 5, 2 5, 1 mg?kg -1 with the inhibitory rate of 31 4%,40 7% and 34 9% respectively The expression of COX 2 in the tumor tissue was also inhibited by piroxicam. Accordingly the expression of VEGF,FGF 2 and MVD was markedly inhibited in dose dependent manner by piroxicam CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that piroxicam has inhibitory effects on S180,and it also decreases the expression of COX 2 in tumor tissue. There is a relation ship between the expression of COX 2 and angiogenesis related factor Antiangiogenesis may be another mechanism for piroxicam to exert its chemopreventive and treatment effects.

Objective:To measure the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) activation and its mRNA expression in the PBMC,and to analyze the interaction between NF-?B activation and IL-1?,IL-6,TNF-? mRNA expression for exploration the role of NF-?B in production of cytokine in schizophrenia.Methods:Transcription Factor Assay Kits were used to measure NF-?B activation.RT-PCR technique was perftormed to analyze semiquantitatively NF-?B,IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? mRNA expression in the PBMC in both schizophrenia and control group.Results:NF-?B activation and its mRNA expression in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than in the control group(P0.05).IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? mRNA expressions in the PBMCs from the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those from the control subjects(P0.05).Conclusion:It is of significance to measure NF-?B activation in evaluating the regulation function of NF-?B.Activated NF-?B plays an important role in mediating the expression of IL-1? and TNF-? gene in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND:Delayed therapy widely occurs in patients with dementia praecox;therefore,it brings a series of difficulties for clinical treatment and rehabilitation.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the influential factors of delayed therapy in patients with dementia praecox.DESIGN:Cross-sectional study based on patients with dementia praecox.SETTING:The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 96 patients with dementia praecox,including 52 males and 44 females,were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from January to June 2005.Their ages ranged from 16 to 55 years and the mean age was (32.7±12.3) years.Among them,54 patients had middle-school education and 42 patients had high-school education.METHODS:A domestic inventory was used to carefully record basically clinical data of each patient.and the inventory included sex,marriage status,educational level,attack styles,home address,home environment,economic status,family history,etc.All data were classified and analyzed in details.In addition,condition of delayed therapy,which determined as the duration over 1 year from onset of psychiatric symptoms to accepted treatment,in each classification was surveyed gradually.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Delayed therapeutic rate and occurent rate of related factors.RESULTS:Among 96 patients,60 patients had delayed therapy,and the delayed therapeutic rate was 62.5%.Influential factors of delayed therapy:Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that regression equation was involved in educational level,family history,attack style and economic status.Meanwhile,the standard regression coefficient was 0.332 1,0.210 1,0.190 3 and 0.101 2. CONCLUSION:Educationallevel,family history,attack style and economic status of patients with dementia praecox are risk factors of delayed therapy. It is of importance for strengthening these factors to interfere and reduce delayed therapeutic rate at an early phase.

Objective:To study the effect of different substrates coated on the cell survival and neurite outgrowth of spinal motor neurons (SMN) from embryonic rat cultured in vitro.Methods:The ventral spinal tissue was isolated from embryonic rats and digested into dissociated cell suspention for culture,then the cells were identified as SMN by immunohistochemistry stain.Poly-L-lysine(PLL) was dissolved into distilled water,phosphate-buffered saline solution,boric acid at 0.1 and 0.01 mol/L concentration respectively.The different substrates include PLL,collagen Ⅰ,laminin and PLL combined with laminin.Distilled water was used as control.The neuron survival numbers and the mean length of the neurites were measured and compared.Results:The cells on the PLL dissolved into boric acid at 0.01 mol/L concentration survived well.The SMNs grown on the PLL combined with laminin were in dispersed disitribution with high survival rate.Conclusion:PLL combined with laminin is the best for the study of the motor neuron including both soma and neurite.

Objective To study the effects of serum from a patient with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) on the sensory and motor neurons culture in vitro from embryonic rats. Methods Dorsal root ganglions and spinal ventral tissue were isolated from embryonic rats and digested into dissociated cell suspenstion for culture. The cells were identified by immunohistochemistry stain. When culturing for a week, AMAN serum was exposed in a 25% concentration, with normal human serum as control group. The AMAN serum was tested by anti-Penner O∶19 campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide antibody positive. The changes of motor and sensory neurons were observed and the neurons were stained by using Guillery Shirra and Webster method which was sensitive to degeneration of nerve fiber. Results After normal serum exposure, neurons and their neurites were normal and stained in yellow color without silver granular deposition by using Guillery Shirra and Webster method. While after AMAN serum exposure, the axon from motor neuron became degenerating and stained in brown-black color increased silver-phile property. Conclusion The serum of AMAN patient might be specifically toxic to the neurites of motor neuron and might cause the degeneration of axon following soma changes. The damage of axon might be the response of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide antibody without participation of macrophage and complements.

PurposeAs a main method to detect thyroid nodules, ultrasonography seems to have a rather low accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant ones. The present study aims to explore the diagnostic value of thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) in identifying benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Materials and Methods A total of 168 patients with thyroid nodules conifrmed pathologically (with 251 suspicious nodules) underwent ultrasonography and were further grouped into category 3-5 according to TI-RADS classiifcation standard. The results were retrospectively compared with histopathological ifndings. The sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TI-RADS classiifcation in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were calculated, and the differences in ultrasonic features between benign and malignant thyroid nodules were also compared.Results The surgical and pathological findings showed that 94 nodules were benign and 157 were sinister; TI-RADS regarded 93 nodules were benign and 185 were malignant. The difference of the two means of identification was significant (χ2=149.6,P<0.01). The sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TI-RADS were 91.2% (144/157), 85.1% (80/94), 89.3% (224/251), 91.2% (144/158) and 86.0% (80/93), respectively. The ultrasonic manifestations of benign and malignant nodules were signiifcantly different with regard to aspect ratio, echogenicity, shape, calciifcation inside the nodule (χ2=8.7-121.4,P<0.01).Conclusion TI-RADS classiifcation standards have a high accuracy in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules as a means of ultrasound examination, and thus can serve as an important guiding method in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between the spontaneous nocturnal episodes of alkalinization and the autonomic nerve system function and vagal function. Methods 24-hour intragastric pH was measured and auto nomic and vagal function was measured with the time domain analyses of heart rate variability in 20 patients with functional dyspepsia but without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results 13 of 20 had the nocturnal episodes of alkalinization. The total 24-hour SDNN and rMSSD were normal in 20 subjects with FD. There was no significant dif ference (P ＞0. 05) in the comparison of the total SDNN and rMSSD of the 2 groups with alkalinization and without alkalinization. The 2 groups both had higher PNN50s in the nocturnal time, and there was no significant difference (P ＞0. 05). Conclusion The results suggest that the total autonomic nerve function and vagal function of patients with FD are normal, vagal activities of the 2 groups are both increased in the nocturnal period. The reason for the nocturnal episodes of alkalinization is not a decrease of vagal activity with a subsequent decrease of secretion.