OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of bacterial endotoxin in Puerarin and Glucose injection.METHODS:The kinetic-turbidimetric technique was adopted to dilute the puerarin glucose injection by2-fold,in which,the contents of bacterial endotoxin was determinated by preliminary interference test and interference test.RESULTS:Diluting the sample by2-fold could effectively eliminate its interference to tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL).The average recovery rate was at the range of50%～200%.CONCLUSLON:Compared with the pyrogen rabbit de-termination method and the half-quantity gel method,the kinetic-turbidimetic technique has many merits such as high de-termination sensitivity,short cycle,accurate result and better reproduction quality,etc.

OBJECTIVE To obtain an effective and feasible supervision method of clinical application of antibacterial drugs.METHODS The clinical application of antibacterial drugs in this hospital was analyzed and calculated(periodically) by their/kinds,quantity and price.Then a price curve was obtained by Excel Table according to(individual) clinical department.RESULTS The expenditure of antibacterial drugs more than 30.0-(40.0) yuan/g was accounted for 24%;the price more than (40.0 yuan/g) was accounted for 6%;and the average(expenditure) per(patient) was 673.45 yuan before the supervision method was taken.The expenditure of(antibacterial) drugs more than 30.0-40.0 yuan/g was accounted for 9%;the price more than 40.0 yuan/g was accounted for 1.8%;and the average expenditure per patient was 264.65 yuan after the supervision method was taken.CONCLUSIONS The(supervision) method for the clinical application of antibacterial drugs is(feasible) and effective.It can be recommended to other hospitals as a controlling method of clinical application of(antibacterial) drugs.

Objective: To study the nursing safety of early intervention in the operation safety of significance and value. Methods: structural system safety nursing intervention system and nursing intervention group, strengthen the safety of surgery nursing process, positive structure risk intervention, safe and harmonious care system, and the communication with patients to guide nursing needs initiative requirements, in bad or accident occurs to timely summary and analysis, and make corresponding rules and regulations timely make up and change. Results:the study enthusiasm of nursing personnel was improved, and the service quality and prevent error ability was strengthened, safety and legal consciousness have been strengthened, and the operating process and system more standard, accident incidence reduced significantly, and increase patients satisfaction. Conclusion:be a timely reasonable safety prevention and effective nursing in the operation security urgent.

OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze blood concentration changes of fluorouracil administered to guinea pigs by different paths.METHODS:The peripheral vein and portal vein blood samples of guinea pigs were taken at different time after administered with fluorouracil in3different ways:group A(by arterial infusion),group B(by intravenous infusion)and group C(by celiac infusion).The blood concentration changes were determined and analyzed by HPLC.RESULTS:The portal vein and peripheral vein blood concentrations in group A and B reached peak value5min after administration with flu?orouracil while group C reached peak at10min;the portal vein blood concentrations in group A reached the highest in the first20min while group C showed the highest value in the last30min.CONCLUSION:Arterial infusion combining celiac infusion path was recommended for local chemotherapy;arterial infusion combining intravenous infusion or intravenous infusion com?bining celiac infusion was recommended for the local therapy while giving consideration to systemic chemotherapy.

Objective To observe urinary iodine levels in the rat model for excessive iodine intake and monophagia.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:normal diet control group(NC),10-fold iodine + normal diet group(10 HI-N),50-fold iodine + normal diet group(50 HI-N),100-fold iodine + normal diet group(100 HI-N),monophagia control group(MC),10-fold iodine + monophagia group(10 HI-M),50-fold iodine + monophagia group(50 HI-M),100-fold iodine + monophagia group(100 HI-M).The excessive iodine intake groups exposed to 1 400,7 600,15 350 ?g/L I-through drinking water presented higher levels of daily iodine intake,which were 10,50,100 times of those in control groups.During the exposure period,the body weights of the rats were measured weekly,the levels of urinary iodine were determined at the second,the fourth and the sixth month.Results The body weights of the excessive iodine intake groups with monophagia were lower than that of the NC group.In normal diet groups and monophagia diet groups,the levels of urinary iodine increased with the increase of iodine intake.The levels of urine iodine in 50 HI-M group and 100 HI-M group were significantly higher than those of the related groups with higher iodine intake.Conclusion The experimental animal model of excessive iodine intake and monophagia are successfully established in the present research,with physical retardation and higher urinary iodine.

Objective To study the effect of vasopressin (VS) on the small bowel circulation and the safety of emboliotherapy for the small intestinal hemorrhage by DSA. Methods Ten dogs were divided into three groups. Vasa recta were ligated 30min after VS infusion ended in group A( n =4), and 2h after VS infusion ended in group B( n =4), they were ligated without VS infusion in control group ( n =2). DSA were performed before and after VS infusion, before and after the ligation. The tested parts of intestine were resected to make the pathologic examination a week late. Results All branches of mesenteric arteries contracted and the contrast developed light in the intestinal wall after VS infusion. Branches contraction recovered but the contrast developed still slight in the intestinal wall about 30min after infusion ended. All manifestation of DSA recovered to normal 2h after infusion ended. In all groups, the blood vessel net can be seen but is fewer and scattered in the area of ligation. The collorate presented soon after the ligation. The pathologic examination proved that there was only mind mucosal ischemia in all groups. Conclusion The repressive effect of VS to the circulation of intestine weakened and then disappeared rapidly after the infusion ended. VS infusion had no significant effect on the safety of emboliotherapy for small intestinal bleeding when the infusion has been finished for more than 2hr. DSA can demonstrated the circulation state of the intestine before and after embolization.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the concentration determination of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone in human plasma.METHODS:After liquid-liquid extraction,using buspirone hydrochloride as internal standard,the concentration of plasma sample was determined by UPLC-MS/MS.The determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.01 mol/L ammonium formate solution (gradient elution) at flow rate of 0.2 mL/min.The column temperature was 45 ℃,and sample size was 5 μL.The electrospray ionization source was adopted for positive ion scanning under MRM mode.Ion-pairs for quantitative analysis were as follows:m/z 313.29→256.25 (olanzapine),m/z 411.42→191.19 (ris peridone),m/z 427.45→207.18 (paliperidone) and m/z 386.43→122.37 (internal standard).RESULTS:The linear ranges of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone were 0.426-108.954,0.213-54.476,0.213-54.476 ng/mL,respectively.RSDs of inter-day and intra-day were all lower than 20％.The recoveries of them ranged 83.3％-112.9％,90.0％-109.8％ and 95.2％-114.9％,respective ly.Extraction recoveries ranged 65.5％-95.0％,73.9％-98.5％ and 73.6％-99.4％,respectively.Both plasma matrix effect and dilute effect didn't influence the determination of plasma concentration.The plasma concentrations of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone in 100 schizophrenia patients were (103.3 ± 73.6),(13.1 ± 13.1) and (23.2 ± 20.0) ng/mL,respectively.CONCLU SIONS:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and specific.It can be used for the determination of plasma concentration and pharmacodynamic study of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone.

Objective To establish the rapid pathogen identification method for HIV and Mycobac-terium tuberculosis (Mtb)co-infection and the assay for the drug susceptibility. Methods Geneprobe and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to differentiate mycobacterium species and modified microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) was used for the drug susceptibility test. The above assays were compared with acid-fast smear, L-J culture and proportional drug susceptibility tests. Results (1) Thirty-four mycobacte-rial isolates were obtained from 112 samples collected from 68 HIV patients. Among these isolates, the strain species were determined by Geneprobe and 16S rDNA sequencing as the followings: 21 Mtb complex, 10 NTM including 5 M.avium complex, 2 M.gordonae, 2 M.kansasii, 1 M.colombiense, and 3 co-infection. (2) The sensitivity of Mtb to rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid and streptomycin were 100%, 100%, 76.2%, 90.5% respectively, while the sensitivity of NTM to rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid and strepto-mycin were 40%, 60%, 0%, 30% respectively. There is no significant statistic difference between the two methods, MODS and the reference standard, for the drug susceptibility test. (3) Six to eight weeks are nee-ded for the identification of the species of mycobacteria and the drug susceptibility test by using traditional method. In this study, 5-14 d, 6-15 d and 10-14 d are needed for Geneprobe, 16S rDNA sequencing, and MODS respectively. The time for the testing has been dramatically shortened. Conclusion The identifica-tion of mycobacterial species and the drug susceptibility test using clinical samples could be completed within 15 days by using combined Geneprobe, 16S rDNA sequencing and modified MODS. This combined method can be used for the pathogen identification and drug resistant test in HIV patients who are co-infected by my-cobacteria.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the mutation of pncA gene and the susceptibility to pyrazinamide ( PZA) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC) strains and to analyze the mutation of panD and rpsA genes in wild type isolates without pncA gene mutation.Methods The sus-ceptibilities of 108 MTBC strains to first-line drugs including PZA were detected by using the MGIT 960 TB system.PCR was performed to amplify the 16S rDNA and pncA, panD and rpsA genes.The PCR products were analyzed by DNA sequencing analysis .Results Among the 78 multidrug-resistant MTBC strains , 47 isolates (60%) were resistant to PZA.Four out of 30 (13%) strains that were sensitive to ethambutol , iso-niazid, rifampicin and streptomycin (EIRS) were resistant to PZA.The drug-resistant MTBC strains showed higher resistance rate to PZA than that of the EIRS sensitive strains .There were 49 ( 96%) PZA-resistant isolates and 4 (7%) PZA-sensitive isolates occurred pncA gene mutation.Most of the pncA gene mutations in the genomes of PZA-resistant strains were base substitution mutation , especially the His57Asp substitu-tion.The pncA gene mutations centralized in the regions of 160-169, 203-289, 309-396 and 413-467.Seven novel mutation sites of pncA gene were observed including T175C, C188A, G insertion at 68, AGC insertion at 235, C insertion at 339, CC insertion at 392 and GT deletion at 395.The mutation sites founded in the genomes of PZA-sensitive strains were different from those of the PZA-resistant strains .No mutation of the pncA gene and the upstream regulatory sequence was found in two PZA-resistant strains , NJ44 and NJ108 . The sequence analysis of panD and rpsA gene showed that the NJ 108 strain had panD gene mutation at G419A, but no mutation was detected in the NJ 44 strain.Conclusion The multidrug-resistant MTBC strains showed higher resistance rate to PZA .The pncA gene mutation was common in PZA-resistant MTB strains and the panD gene mutation was also worthy of attention .

To establish a method for radioligand binding assay of thyroid hormone receptors(TR)in human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and to estimate the kinetic parameters of putative receptors. The MG-63cell was cultured in Ham's F12, the soluble TR was prepared from the intact nuclear extracts. The binding properties between TR and T3 were performed by using the traditional Scatchard analysis. The apparent Ka of TR in MG-63 is 7.68× 109 L/mol, and MBC(111. 25+ 10.77)fmol/mg protein. The study indicated that MG-63 cells possessed high affinity and limited-capacity of TR in its nuclear extracts. This may serve as the starting and basic work about TR in bone cell.