Objective To provide an essential features of the knee for the prothesis design more suitable in Chinese. Methods 240 knees of 120 healthy Chinese adults were selected on trial, with an average age of 30.6 years (range, 21 to 40 years) and an average height of 1.68 m ranging from 1.60 m to 1.75 m. Each individual was asked to do deep flexion activities. Fluoroscopy were used to determine accurately the weightbearing kinematics in vivo of 240 knees at different position. The anterior articular surface of the femoral condyle was designated as the "extension facet"(EF), while the posterior surface as the "flexion facet"(FF). Their centers are labelled as EFC and FFC respectively. The distances between the ipsilateral posterior tibial cortex and the center of the posterior femoral condylar circles at different position were measured by drawing a line through the most protruding points in the medial and lateral tibial subchondral bony landmark. A second line was drawn perpendicular to the first and tangent to the posterior tibial cortex. The distance d1 and d2 were measured perpendicularly from FFC and EFC to the second line respectively. The change of d1 and d2 in different positions denoted the relative movement between the tibia and femur. The data were used by ANOVA analysis containing two factors with SAS software. Results The difference of sex and side had no influence on the relative movements between the tibia and femur. In normal adults, the range of relative motion at the medial and lateral condyle during deep flexion was (1.4?0.3) mm and (15.9?4.7) mm respectively. Conclusion The lateral condyle undergoes posterior translation including sliding and rolling significantly during the deep flexion that leads to the relative axial rotation of the tibia to the femur.

Objective:Through detecting miRNA-26a,β-catenin,GSK-3β and α-SMA expressions in IgA nephropathy with varying degrees of renal interstitial fibrosis,the study was performed to explore the effect of miRNA-26a targeting GSK-3β on Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway simulated renal interstitial fibrosis.Methods:Incorporated 46 cases of IgA nephropathy patients were divided into three group based on the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis,namely,mild group,moderate group and severe group;7 cases of normal renal tissues away from the renal tumor tissues were selected as the control group.Expression levels of miRNA-26a in renal tissues of each group were detected based on RT-qPCR method,to analyze the correlation between miRNA-26a and renal fibrosis In patients with IgA nephropathy.Furthermore,mRNA and protein expression levels of β-catenin,GSK-3β and α-SMA in renal tissues were measured using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively,the comparison was then made in each group;subsequently,correlation analysis was further conducted to investigate the relationship of miRNA-26a with β-catenin,GSK-3β and α-SMA.Results:(1) Compared with the control group,miRNA-26a expression was down-regulated from renal biopsy of IgA nephropathy patients,the expression level of miRNA-26a was significantly decreased,showing statistical differences among groups (P＜0.05).(2) Compared with the control group,mRNA and protein expression levels of β-catenin,GSK-3β and α-SMA in renal tissues were all increased in IgA nephropathy patients,and the degree of expression increased gradually with the increase of the degree of renal interstitial lesion,differences were statistically significant among groups (P＜0.05).(3) Correlation analysis results indicated that there were negative correlation between miRNA-26a expression in renal tissues and the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis,differences were statistically significant among groups (r=-0.943,P ＜0.05),at the same time,expression intensities of GSK-3β,β-catenin and α-SMA in renal interstitium and renal tubules were positively correlated with the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis(r =0.917,P＜0.05;r =0.943,P＜0.05;r =0.926,P ＜0.05),meanwhile,positive correlation was also found regarding protein expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin in renal interstitium (r=0.834,P＜0.05).Conclusion:Collectively,miRNA-26a can be involved in Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway simulated renal interstitial fibrosis via the regulation of GSK-3β.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum soluble factor-related apoptosis (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) and their relations with cognition disorders in the patients with vascular dementia (VaD). Methods Serum concentrations of sFas and sFasl were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between 70 patients with VaD aged (72.5± 7.5)years and 50 healthy elderly people aged(72.5 ± 7.5)years.The VaD patient's cognitive functions were evaluated by activity of daily living scale (ADL),mini mental state examination (MMSE) and hachinski ischemia score (Hachinski). Results The serum levels of sFas and sFasL in VaD patients were (228.0±60.7)μg/L and (146.8±30.1)μg/L,and in the healthy elderly were (62.4±22.6)μg/L and (82.3 ± 18.7)μg/L,respectively.The serum levels of apoptosis factors in VaD patients were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (t=20.883,14.453,P＜0.01).sFas level was negatively correlated with age,the scores of ADL and Hachiuski while positively with the scores of MMSE (r=-0.956,-0.943,-0.950 and 0.904,all P＜0.01). sFasL level was negatively correlated with the scores of MMSE while positively with age,the scores of ADL and Hachinski (r=-0.899,0.963,0.948 and 0.939,a11 P＜0.01). Conclusions Apoptosis may be involved in the pathological change during VaD and the serum levels of sFas and sFasL might be related with cognition disorders.

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)on sleep electroencephalogram(EEG)and event-related potential(ERP)in patients with somatoform disorders(SFD). Methods:Seventy-five SFD patients were recruited as an EA group to receive EA at Shenting(GV24)and Baihui(GV20)once daily,30 min each time,with 6 straight days as a treatment course,and 4 courses were conducted at 1-day intervals.Before treatment,patients underwent a survey using a physical symptom checklist on their primary symptoms.Before and after treatment,their sleep EEG was monitored using Quisi,and the ERP mismatch negativity(MMN)and P300 were detected.The Quisi sleep EEG and ERP were also examined among 40 normal volunteers as the normal group data. Results:During the trial,13 cases were removed from the EA group due to incomplete data,and 62 cases were finally included for statistical analyses.Of the 62 SFD patients,the main disturbing symptoms were cognitive impairments,sleep disorders,respiratory symptoms,digestive symptoms,five-sense organ problems,and cardiovascular symptoms in order.Before treatment,the EA group had increased MMN and P300 latencies and decreased amplitudes compared with the normal control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05);according to Quisi,the EA group also had reduced total sleep time(TST),shorter rapid eye movement sleep(REM)latency(RL)and REM time(RT),smaller number of REM period(NRP),extended sleep latency(SL),longer awaking time(AT),lower sleep efficiency(SE),larger percent of non-rapid eye movement sleep(NREM)stage 1(S1)and smaller percent of NREM stage 2(S2),and the percent of slow wave sleep(SWS),i.e.NREM stage 3(S3)plus stage 4(S4),also went down,all presenting significant differences between groups(P<0.01 or P<0.05).After 4 courses of treatment,the MMN and P300 latencies were reduced,and their amplitudes became larger in the EA group compared with the baseline(P<0.05);they had insignificant differences compared with the normal control group(P>0.05).Quisi showed that the TST and RL increased,and the SL and AT decreased in the EA group,and the predominant change in sleep architecture was reduced S1 percent,increased S2,and improved SE,all showing significant intra-group differences(P<0.01 or P<0.05);however,the intra-group difference in the NRP was statistically insignificant(P>0.05).Except the TST,RT,S1 percent,and SWS,there was no statistical significance in comparing the other Quisi parameters(including RL,NRP,SL,AT,SE,and S2 percent)between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion:SFD patients have a variety of clinical symptoms,and most of them show abnormal sleep EEG and ERP;EA can correct abnormal sleep EEG parameters and the MMN and P300 of ERP in SFD patients.

OBJECTIVETo compare the penetration abilities of resin infiltration into natural initial caries lesions with those of adhesive in vitro.

METHODSThirty-six extracted human molars and premolars showing proximal white spot lesions were selected. Teeth roots were removed, and the crowns were cut across the caries lesions perpendicular to the surface. Corresponding lesion halves were etched for 2 min with 15% hydrochloric acid gel and were subsequently treated with either adhesive or resin infiltration. Specimens were observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in dual fluorescence mode. In confocal microscopic images, penetration depth (PD) and lesion depth (LD) were defined as the distance from the surface to the deepest point of red and green fluorescence, respectively. The penetration percentages (PP) were calculated.

RESULTSAt the same level of caries, mean maximum lesion LD were comparable for both lesion halves (P > 0.05). But mean maximum PD and PP of the resin infiltration were significantly higher than those of the adhesive (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPenetration of enamel caries lesions is observed in the adhesive and the resin infiltration. But the resin infiltration is capable of penetrating almost completely into enamel parts of natural caries lesions.

Objective:To study the expression level and clinical significance of minichromosome maintenance protein 3(MCM3) in human gastric cancer.Methods:The expression levels of MCM3 mRNA and protein in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed using public databases such as TCGA, CCLE and HPA. The clinicopathological features of 69 patients with gastric cancer were retrospectively analyzed, and the expression levels of MCM3 protein in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between it and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The interaction network of MCM3 proteins was analyzed using the STRING database.Results:The expression levels of MCM3 mRNA and protein in gastric cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues ( P<0.05), and its high expression was correlated with the size of gastric cancer tumors ( P<0.05). In gastric cancer tissue, the expression of MCM3 was correlated with the expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ( R=0.61, P<0.01), and there may be a protein-protein interaction. Conclusions:MCM3 plays an important role in gastric cancer by interacting with PCNA, and it is expected to become a new diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of intraspinal cement leakage in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).Methods:From January 2018 to December 2021, 156 patients with OVCF who received surgical treatment in Beijing Tongzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective case-control study. The postoperative CT imaging results were analyzed, and the patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of intraspinal cement leakage: leakage group ( n=28) and non-leakage group ( n=128). Measurement data was expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison of visual analogue score (VAS) between groups; the count data was expressed as the number of cases and percentage (%); univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors of postoperative intraspinal cement leakage. Results:All the patients were treated by PVP successfully, without obvious adverse reactions and serious complications occurred during and after the operation. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher bone mineral density ( P=0.005), OVCF combined with posterior vertebral wall injury ( P<0.001) and higher bone cement dosage ( P=0.013) were the risk factors leading to intraspinal cement leakage. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher bone mineral density ( P=0.009, 95% CI: 0.152-0.762, OR=0.340), OVCF combined with posterior vertebral wall injury ( P=0.001, 95% CI: 2.134-15.780, OR=5.803), and higher bone cement dosage ( P=0.005, 95% CI: 1.175-2.505, OR=1.715) were the independent risk factors of intraspinal cement leakage. Conclusion:Intraspinal cement leakage was common complication after PVP. Higher bone mineral density, OVCF combined with posterior vertebral wall injury, and higher bone cement dosage were the independent risk factors affecting intraspinal cement leakage.

Objective:To explore the incidence of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) in patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer and analyze related factors.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. From 2021 to 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 195 patients with rectal cancer who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery at Peking University Third Hospital as participants. The patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, LARS Scale, Visual Analog Score, and Chinese version of Insomnia Severity Index.Results:A total of 195 questionnaires were distributed, and 156 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 80.00% (156/195). The incidence of LARS in 156 rectal cancer patients with sphincter-preserving surgery was 36.54% (57/156), and the incidence of severe LARS was 15.38% (24/156). Binomial Logistic regression analyses showed that gender ( OR=0.445, P=0.034) and preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy ( OR=6.343, P<0.01) were influencing factors for the occurrence of LARS in patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery. Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy ( OR=3.322, P=0.047) and intraoperative prophylactic stoma ( OR=4.855, P=0.035) were influencing factors for severe LARS. LARS score was positively correlated with anxiety score ( r=0.238, P=0.003) and total insomnia score ( r=0.168, P=0.036) in patients with rectal cancer who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery. Conclusions:Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is an independent risk factor for postoperative LARS and severe LARS in rectal cancer patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery. LARS is correlated with patients' anxiety and insomnia.

The disorder of group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3)subgroup,such as the predominance of NCR-ILC3 but the deple-tion of NCR+ILC3,is unfavorable to damaged intestinal barrier repair,which leads to the prolongations and obstinacy of ulcerative colitis(UC).Our previous studies had shown that luteolin promoted NCRILC3 differentitating into NCR+ILC3 to improving the de-pletion of NCR+ILC3 in UC mice,while the mechanism is unclear.This article aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of luteolin enhancing the proportion NCR+ILC3.UC mice model was established with 2％DSS and Notch signaling was blocked,then luteolin was used to intervene.The results showed that the effect of luteolin on ameliorating disease symptoms in UC mice,including inhibit-ing the weight loss,reducing the pathological damage of colon mucosa,etc.,was diminished with blocking Notch signaling pathway.In addition,luteolin increased the proportion of NCR+ILC3,NCR+MNK3 and IL-22+ILC3,decreased intestinal permeability,pro-moted mucin secretion,and promoted ZO-1 and Occludin expression,the above effect of luteolin was neutralized by Notch inhibitor LY-411575.Luteolin activated the abnormally blocked Notch signaling pathway in UC mice.And molecular docking predicted the af-finity of luteolin for RBPJ to be-7.5 kcal·mol-1 in mouse,respectively;the affinity of luteolin for Notchl and RBPJ was respectively scored to be-6.4 kcal·mol-1 and-7.7 kcal·mol-1 homo sapiens.These results proved that luteolin is positive for enhancing the propor-tion of NCR+ILC3 via Notch signaling,and it provides a basis for targeting NCR+ILC3 for restoring intestinal barrier function to alle-viating ulcerative colitis.

Objective To investigate the effect of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptides on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity increasing and M1/M2 phenotype polarization in rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Bioinformatics was used to analyze the binding of full-length wild-type CSD polypeptide and 101 amino acid deleted truncated mutant CSD polypeptide (Δ101CSD) to HO-1. Primary AMs were isolated from rats, when cell fusion reached 80％, they were synchronized with serum-free medium and divided into five groups: no treatment was given to the blank control group; LPS group was treated with 100μg/L LPS for 16 hours;LPS+ hemin group was treated with 100μg/L LPS and 20μmol/L hemin for 16 hours; wild-type CSD polypeptide+ LPS+hemin group was pretreated with 10μmol/L wild-type CSD polypeptide 6 hours before LPS treatment; Δ101CSD+ LPS+hemin group was pretreated with 10μmol/L Δ101CSD polypeptide 6 hours before LPS treatment. After treatment for 16 hours, the co-localization between caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and HO-1 was displayed by confocal microscope; the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and M1/M2 polarization cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leukocyte differentiation antigen 206 (CD206) and IL-10 were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); the HO-1 activity and nitric oxide (NO) production were determined by spectrophotometry.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed: both wild-type CSD and Δ101CSD peptides could bind to HO-1, and there was no significant difference in the binding ability between the two peptides, but the deletion of 101 Arg resulted in the disappearance of part of the binding region between Δ101CSD and HO-1. The results of laser confocal microscopy showed: the expressions of Cav-1 and HO-1 were lowed in the blank control group, and Cav-1 was bound to HO-1 in LPS group and LPS+ hemin group. Both wild-type CSD and Δ101CSD peptides pretreatment could significantly reduce the binding of HO-1 to Cav-1 induced by LPS. HO-1 activity analysis showed: after LPS stimulation, the activity of HO-1 was significantly higher than that of the blank control group; the activity of HO-1 induced by LPS was increased by hemin; after pretreatment with two kinds of CSD peptides, the activity of HO-1 was further increased, and the effect of wild-type CSD peptide was more significant, which showed a statistically significant difference as compared with that of LPS+ hemin group (pmol·mg-1·h-1: 3683±266 vs. 2408±132,P < 0.05). RT-qPCR results showed: LPS could induce elevation of cytokines and M1 markers and decrease of M2 markers, while hemin could inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response and M1/M2 phenotypic polarization. Compared with LPS+ hemin group, after pretreatment with wild-type CSD peptide, the levels of inflammatory factors in AMs were decreased, and the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and iNOS, M1 markers, were decreased [TNF-α mRNA (2-??Ct): 6.82±0.05 vs. 8.70±0.24, iNOS mRNA (2-??Ct): 331.50±32.05 vs. 506.70±0.10, bothP < 0.05], and IL-10 mRNA expression level was increased (2-??Ct: 269.09±6.54 vs. 119.05±3.30,P < 0.05). The deletion of 101 site partially weakened the inhibitory effect of CSD peptides on inflammatory factors and only reduced the expression of iNOS mRNA (2-??Ct: 429.11±8.92 vs. 506.70±0.10,P < 0.05), indicating that its ability to transform AMs from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype was poor. The two peptides had no effect on the expression of CD206.Conclusion Wild-type CSD had beneficial effects of anti-inflammation by reducing Cav-1 binding to HO-1 induced by LPS, restoring the HO-1 activity and driving M2 phenotype in alveolar macrophages.