Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone in inhibiting opioid-induced cough (OIC) during general anesthesia induction in patients with gynecological tumors.Methods:A total of 180 patients who were scheduled for elective gynecological tumor surgery under general anesthesia in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from March to November 2019 were selected. They were randomly divided into blank control group, dexmedetomidine group and dexamethasone group according to the random number table method, each group had 60 cases. Firstly, all patients had a 10-minute rest (T 0) after they entered the operate room. Treatment before general anesthesia induction:dexmedetomidine group was pumped dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg (diluted to 10 ml with 0.9% NaCl injection) using an electronic infusion pump; dexamethasone group was injected intravenously dexamethasone 10 mg; blank control group was pumped with 10 ml 0.9% NaCl injection. The pumping was finished within 5 minutes, and the end time of pumping was denoted as T 1. Induction of general anesthesia was performed 5 minutes after the end of pumping: firstly, sufentanil was given intravenously at 0.3 μg/kg, and the injection was finished within 5 seconds (T 2). Two minutes after sufentanil injection (T 3), cis-atracurium 0.3 mg/kg and propofol medium/long-chain injection 2 mg/kg were sequentially injected. Then preoxygenation, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were implemented in turn. One minute after intubation was recorded as T 4. The incidence and severity of cough in patients within T 2-T 3 of each group were recorded, as well as the incidence of tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, respiratory depression and myotonia during T 1-T 4. Results:The incidence of OIC in the dexmedetomidine group (10.0%, 6/60) and dexamethasone group (8.3%, 5/60) was lower than that in the blank control group (33.3%, 20/60), and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( χ2 = 16.445, P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in the incidence of OIC between the dexmedetomidine group and the dexamethasone group ( P > 0.05). The incidence of sinus bradycardia in the dexmedetomidine group (16.3%, 10/60) was higher than that in the blank control group (0, 0/60) and dexamethasone group (8.4%, 1/60), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Respiratory depression and myotonia did not occur in the three groups. Conclusions:Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine or intravenous dexamethasone before anesthesia induction can effectively reduce the incidence of OIC in patients with gynecological tumors, and there is no significant difference between the effects of the two drugs. The incidence of sinus bradycardia increases significantly after dexmedetomidine infusion.

Objective:To study the effect of intravenous injection with butorphanol at different time points on stress response, recovery time after drug withdrawal, emergence agitation and postoperative pain in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods:A total of 90 lung cancer patients who underwent elective thoracoscopic lobectomy from September 2019 to May 2020 in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected and randomly divided into three groups according to random number table, 30 cases in each group. Group A was set as a preemptive analgesia group, and 20 μg/kg butorphanol was injected intravenously at 15 min before anesthesia induction; group B was injected with 20 μg/kg butorphanol at 30 min before the end of operation; and the blank control group (group C) was given with the same volume of 0.9% NaCl injection at the same time points. The following data including blood glucose, cortisol, heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP), recovery time after skin suture and drug withdrawal, emergence agitation score and incidence rate of restlessness, postoperative pain visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed.Results:The level of blood glucose [(5.25±0.32), (5.17±0.58) mmol/L] and cortisol [(253.63±48.29), (222.17±35.73) ng/ml] in group A were lower than those in group B [(5.85±0.53), (5.52±0.48) mmol/L; (302.83±48.63), (274.87±47.93) ng/ml] and group C [(6.07±0.70), (5.68±0.52) mmol/L; (319.97±32.05), (295.57±46.83) ng/ml] immediately after skin suture and 6 h after the operation (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in MAP and heart rate at intubation among the three groups (all P > 0.05). The levels of MAP and heart rate in group A at intubation were higher than those before anesthesia induction (all P < 0.05); there were no statistical differences of the levels of MAP and heart rate at 30 min after one-lung ventilation and at extubation compared with those before anesthesia induction (all P > 0.05). In group B and group C, heart rate and MAP at intubation, 30 min after one-lung ventilation and extubation were higher than those before anesthesia induction (all P < 0.05). Among them, the recovery time after drug withdrawal in group B [(16.53±3.64) min] was longer than that in group A [(13.83±3.24) min] and group C [(12.47±3.35) min] (all P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between group A and group C ( P > 0.05). In addition, in terms of emergence agitation score and agitation incidence, group A [(3.20±0.41) scores, 0 (0/30)] was lower than group B [(3.73±0.74) scores, 7% (2/30)] and group C [(4.00±0.79) scores, 10% (3/30)] (all P < 0.05). The pain VAS in group A [(3.10±0.61) scores, (3.27±0.52) scores] at 3 h and 12 h after operation were lower than those in group B [(3.53±0.86) scores, (3.70±0.53) scores] and group C [(4.00±0.83) scores, (4.10±0.71) scores] at the same time points (all P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in pain VAS among the three groups at 24 h and 48 h after operation (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:For lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy, preemptive analgesia with butorphanol not only can reduce the stress response and increase the stability of hemodynamics, but also can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative pain and restlessness without prolonging the recovery time after stopping drug.

Objective:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative coagulation function and inflammatory factors in patients with malignant ovarian tumors.Methods:A total of 60 patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for malignant ovarian tumors from September 2019 to May 2020 in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected and divided into the dexmedetomidine group and the control group according to the random number table method, 30 cases in each group. Patients in the dexmedetomidine group were pumped with dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg 10 min before induction of anesthesia, and then the intravenous pump was maintained at a rate of 0.2-0.6 μg·kg -1·h -1 until 30 min before the completion of the operation pump injection. The control group was pumped with 0.9% NaCl solution of the same volume at the same time. Before induction of anesthesia (T 0), 2 h after administration (T 1), and 3 h after operation (T 2), the patients' venous blood was collected to detect platelet count (Plt), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT), plasma fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer; and levels of serum inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were also detected. The operation time, intraoperative fluid infusion, amount of anesthetics, and total intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. Results:Plt at T 1 and T 2 time were (154±28)×10 9/L, (138±27)×10 9/L of the dexmedetomidine group and (133±44)×10 9/L, (114±50)×10 9/L of the control group, which were lower than those of both groups at T 0 time [(182±46)×10 9/L, (184±55)×10 9/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( F values were 11.975, 16.058, all P < 0.05); and Plt at T 1 and T 2 time of the control group were lower than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). FIB level at T 1 and T 2 time [(3.2±0.9) g/L, (3.3±0.9) g/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (3.7±0.6) g/L, (4.6±0.9) g/L of the control group] and D-dimer level at T 1 and T 2 time [(0.77±0.25) mg/L, (0.81±0.51) mg/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (0.96±0.31) mg/L, (1.15±0.56) mg/L of the control group] were higher than those of both groups at T 0 time [FIB: (3.0met) g/L, (2.8 met) g/L; D-dimer: (0.65rt T) mg/L, (0.63 rt T) mg/L], and the differences were statistically significant (F values were 5.234, 46.121, 4.358, 11.091, all P < 0.05); FIB and D-dimer levels at T 1 and T 2 time of the control group were higher than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). PT and APTT at T 2 time of the dexmedetomidine group were (12.7±0.5) s and (33.8±3.7) s, respectively, and the control group were (12.3±0.8) s, (31.8±2.4)s, respectively, which were shorter than those of both groups at T 0 time [PT: (13.0±0.3) s, (13.0±0.3) s; APTT: (35.7±2.0) s, (35.7±2.6) s], and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05), and PT and APTT levels at T 2 time of the control group were shorter than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). IL-6 level at T 1 and T 2 time [(73.3±2.8) pg/L, (84.7±3.8) pg/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (81.5±3.6) pg/L, (89.8±3.2) pg/L of the control group] and TNF-α level at T 1 and T 2 time [(27.4±4.4) ng/L, (32.9±3.7) ng/L of the dexmedetomidine group; (32.7±2.5) ng/L, (39.8±4.0) ng/L of the control group] were higher than those of both groups at T 0 time [IL-6: (65.9±2.9) pg/L, (65.0±1.8) pg/L; TNF-α: (15.4±3.1) ng/L, (16.6±2.6) ng/L)], and the differences were statistically significant ( F values were 264.650, 553.019, 162.447, and 438.225, respectively, all P < 0.05), and IL-6 and TNF-α levels at T 1 and T 2 time of the control group were higher than those of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, intraoperative fluid infusion, and intraoperative total blood loss between the two groups (all P > 0.05), but the intraoperative use of propofol and remifentanil of the control group was more than that of the dexmedetomidine group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine under general anesthesia for malignant ovarian patients undergoing surgery can effectively improve the perioperative coagulation function and reduce the level of inflammatory factors, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative thrombotic events.