Intestinal aging is central to systemic aging, characterized by a progressive decline in intestinal structure and function. The core mechanisms involve dysregulation of epithelial cell renewal and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition to previous results in model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster, recent studies have shown that in mammalian models, aging causes increased intestinal permeability and intestinal-derived systemic inflammation, thereby affecting longevity. Therefore, anti-intestinal aging can be an important strategy for reducing frailty and promoting longevity. There are three key gaps remaining in the study of intestinal aging: (1) overemphasis on aging-related diseases rather than the primary aging mechanisms; (2) lack of specific drugs or treatments to prevent or treat intestinal aging; (3) limited aging-specific dysbiosis research. In this review, the basic structures and renewal mechanisms of intestinal epithelium, and mechanisms and potential therapies for intestinal aging are discussed to advance understanding of the causes, consequences, and treatments of age-related intestinal dysfunction.

Bone grafting is a primary method for treating bone defects. Among various graft materials, xenogeneic bone substitutes are widely used in clinical practice due to their abundant sources, convenient processing and storage, and avoidance of secondary surgeries. With the advancement of domestic production and the limitations of imported products, an increasing number of bone filling or grafting substitute materials isentering clinical trials. Relevant experts have drafted this consensus to enhance the management of medical device clinical trials, protect the rights of participants, and ensure the scientific and effective execution of trials. It summarizes clinical experience in aspects, such as design principles, participant inclusion/exclusion criteria, observation periods, efficacy evaluation metrics, safety assessment indicators, and quality control, to provide guidance for professionals in the field.
Humans ; Bone Substitutes/therapeutic use* ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods* ; Consensus ; Bone Transplantation ; Research Design

Objective: To analyze the distribution and related factors of spherical equivalent(SE) anisometropia in school aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for the intervention and control of SE anisometropia. Methods: In October 2021,a total of 1 852 school aged children in three counties/cities(Lijiang City,Dali City,Xishuangbanna) in Yunnan Province were examined by multi stage cluster random sampling method for computer optometry visual acuity examination for non ciliary paralysis and questionnaire survey.Demographic characteristics, ocular biological parameters and SE data were obtained for SE anisometropia. Group comparisons were conducted using Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of anisometropia in SE. Results: The prevalence of SE anisometropia among school age children was 23.0%, and the prevalence was higher in girls (24.2%) than that in boys (21.6%). Compared with non anisometropic children, school aged children with SE anisometropia had longer axial length (AL) [24.03 (23.41, 24.76), 23.93 (23.26, 24.61) mm] and corneal curvature radius (CR) [43.42 (42.43, 44.42), 43.14 (42.23, 44.04)mm], SE[-1.75(-2.75,-1.00),-0.94(-2.63,-0.25)D], smaller spherical scope [-1.38(-2.38,-0.75),-0.75(-2.38,0)D], deeper anterior chamber depth(ACD)[3.77(3.62, 3.93), 3.72(3.55, 3.89)mm], and grater differences in AL[0.58(0.32,0.82), 0.13( 0.06 ,0.22)mm], ACD[0.05(0.02,0.08), 0.03(0.01,0.06)mm] and AL/CR[0.01(0.01,0.02), 0.01(0.00,0.01)]( Z =-22.47 to -2.41, all P <0.05). The results of Logistic regression showed that mild myopia( OR =2.74), moderate myopia( OR =3.52), and high myopia( OR =8.92) had a relatively high risk of anisometropia SE in school aged children(all P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of SE anisometropia in school aged children in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province is relatively high, and the prevalence and degree of anisometropia were closely related to myopia degree and related refractive parameters.

Objective To explore the role and potential mechanisms of plasma-activated solution(PAS)in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis.Methods We constructed a DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model and evaluated the effect of PAS in vivo by observing mouse weight,calculating disease activity indexes,detecting inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators through ELISA.We also evaluated the effect of PAS on colon cell proliferation and migration ability through clone formation experiments,scratch experiments,and used Western blotting to determine the expression levels of proliferation-related proteins.Results PAS significantly reversed DSS-induced weight loss and increased disease activity indexes in mice(P＜0.05).The serum inflammatory cytokine levels(TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β)in PAS group were significantly reduced compared to those in DSS group(P＜0.05).PAS treatment could improve the imbalance of colonic redox homeostasis including changes of malondialdehyde,catalase and superoxide dismutase caused by DSS(P＜0.05).After the use of endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors,changes in various indicators caused by in vivo PAS disappeared(P＜0.001).The clone formation ability of colon cells was stronger in the group treated with PAS,and the expression of proliferation-related proteins increased.Cell scratch experiments suggested that intervention with PAS could reverse the decrease in cell migration ability caused by lipopolysaccharide(P＜0.001).After the application of endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors,the pro-proliferative and migratory effects of PAS disappeared(P＜0.05).Conclusion PAS alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice and promote colonic epithelial cell repair through the eNOS pathway.

Objective To explore the application of plasma-activated solution(PAS)in the treatment of peritoneal metastasis in mice.Methods A mice model of peritoneal tumor transplantation was established,and PAS was prepared for intervention in the mice.The growth of the peritoneally transplanted tumor was assessed using in vivo imaging technology,while the apoptosis level was evaluated through flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,and Western blotting.Results At the in vitro level,there was no significant impact on tumor cell apoptosis level under adherent conditions observed when utilizing PAS(P＞0.05).Under non-adherent condition,PAS significantly augmented tumor cell apoptosis level(P＜0.05),substantially increased the proportion of deceased cells(P＜0.05),and markedly elevated intracellular total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels(P＜0.05).In vivo level,using PAS following peritoneal transplanted tumor formation exhibited no noteworthy influence on peritoneal transplanted tumor growth(P＞0.05),while immediate utilization of PAS during model conducting effectively reduced abdominal tumor spread(P＜0.05).Conclusion PAS inhibits tumor peritoneal dissemination in mice by promoting tumor cell anoikis.

The onset of pregnancy is marked by the formation of a zygote, while the culmination of gestation is manifested by the delivery of a fetus. Meanwhile, a successful pregnancy entails a meticulously coordinated sequence of events from embryo implantation to sustained decidualization of the uterus to placental development and childbirth. The decidual reaction, a pivotal process occurring within the endometrium during pregnancy, is finely regulated by sex steroids and cytokines. Notably, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), particularly FGF2, play a critical role in this physiological cascade. Dysregulated FGF expression may trigger inadequate decidualization, precipitating a spectrum of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, recurrent implantation failure, and miscarriage. Furthermore, the human decidua, distinct from most mammalian species and similar to great apes, undergoes regular cycles of formation and shedding, independent of the presence of the embryo in the endometrium. This process is also tightly controlled by various FGFs. In this review, we comprehensively compare diverse research decidualization models, delineate the trend of endometrial FGFs during the menstrual cycle, and provide a synopsis of endometrial diseases triggered by FGF dysregulation.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Decidua/physiology* ; Animals ; Endometrium/physiology* ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism* ; Embryo Implantation ; Menstrual Cycle/physiology*

Objective To explore the role and potential mechanisms of plasma-activated solution(PAS)in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis.Methods We constructed a DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model and evaluated the effect of PAS in vivo by observing mouse weight,calculating disease activity indexes,detecting inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators through ELISA.We also evaluated the effect of PAS on colon cell proliferation and migration ability through clone formation experiments,scratch experiments,and used Western blotting to determine the expression levels of proliferation-related proteins.Results PAS significantly reversed DSS-induced weight loss and increased disease activity indexes in mice(P＜0.05).The serum inflammatory cytokine levels(TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β)in PAS group were significantly reduced compared to those in DSS group(P＜0.05).PAS treatment could improve the imbalance of colonic redox homeostasis including changes of malondialdehyde,catalase and superoxide dismutase caused by DSS(P＜0.05).After the use of endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors,changes in various indicators caused by in vivo PAS disappeared(P＜0.001).The clone formation ability of colon cells was stronger in the group treated with PAS,and the expression of proliferation-related proteins increased.Cell scratch experiments suggested that intervention with PAS could reverse the decrease in cell migration ability caused by lipopolysaccharide(P＜0.001).After the application of endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors,the pro-proliferative and migratory effects of PAS disappeared(P＜0.05).Conclusion PAS alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice and promote colonic epithelial cell repair through the eNOS pathway.

Objective To explore the application of plasma-activated solution(PAS)in the treatment of peritoneal metastasis in mice.Methods A mice model of peritoneal tumor transplantation was established,and PAS was prepared for intervention in the mice.The growth of the peritoneally transplanted tumor was assessed using in vivo imaging technology,while the apoptosis level was evaluated through flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,and Western blotting.Results At the in vitro level,there was no significant impact on tumor cell apoptosis level under adherent conditions observed when utilizing PAS(P＞0.05).Under non-adherent condition,PAS significantly augmented tumor cell apoptosis level(P＜0.05),substantially increased the proportion of deceased cells(P＜0.05),and markedly elevated intracellular total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels(P＜0.05).In vivo level,using PAS following peritoneal transplanted tumor formation exhibited no noteworthy influence on peritoneal transplanted tumor growth(P＞0.05),while immediate utilization of PAS during model conducting effectively reduced abdominal tumor spread(P＜0.05).Conclusion PAS inhibits tumor peritoneal dissemination in mice by promoting tumor cell anoikis.

Objective:To study the effects of cathepsin K(CTSK)on the healing process of tooth extraction socket and type H blood vessel angiogenesis in mice.Methods:Ctsk knockout(Ctsk-/-)mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology,and genotype sequen-cing,general observation,Micro-CT and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm successful knockout of Ctsk.Then 8 week-old WT and Ctsk-/-mice were used to establish the tooth extraction modle by extracting the left maxillary first molars,and the mice were sac-rificed at the day 7,10,14,21,28 and 35 respectively(n=3)after tooth extraction.Then samples were subjected to stereo microscope and Micro-CT examination.Immunofluorescence staining was used to study the effect of Ctsk knockout on type H blood vessel angiogene-sis.Results:Ctsk knockout did not affect the soft tissue healing of tooth extraction socket,but significantly promoted the bone healing process,and Ctsk deficency significantly enhanced type H blood vessel angiogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.Conclusion:Ctsk knockout can enhance type H vessel angiogenesis,and promote bone healing process of tooth extraction socket in mice.

Objective To assess ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students from Naxi,Bai and Han ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods The school-based study was conducted in October 2020.A total of 724 second-,third-and seventh-graders were selected from Dali and Lijiang,where Bai and Naxi ethnic groups inhabit,using a stratified cluster sampling method to receive questionnaire surveys and eye examinations.Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal radius of curvature(CR),central corneal thickness(CCT),white-to-white(WTW)distance,and the AL/CR ratio were measured.Covariance analysis was used to examine the differences in SE and ocular biometric parameters in terms of ethnicity,sex and grade,while Pearson correlation was used to test the associations among the said indicators.Results There were no significant differences in daily outdoor time,screen time and sleep time among the three ethnic groups regardless of grades(all P＞0.05).The mean CCT of Naxi students was lower than that of Han and Bai students[grade 2 and grade 3:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm and(559.27±32.79)μm;grade7:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm and(548.26± 32.98)μm,all P＜0.05],while no significant differences were found in the other ocular biometric parameters among the three ethnic groups(all P＞0.05).Among the seventh-graders,the SE,AL and AL/CR ratio of Naxi students were signifi-cantly different from those of Han and Bai students(all P＜0.05).The AL,CR,ACD,CCT,WTW distance,and mean SE were lower in girls than in boys(all P＜0.05).Compared with grade 2 and grade 3,students of grade 7 had longer AL,deeper ACD and thinner CCT(all P＜0.05),while no significant differences were found in CR and WTW distance(all P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the AL/CR ratio was highly correlated with SE(r=-0.78,P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Multiethnic primary and secondary school students may face similar environmental risks.Yet,disparities in ocular biometric parameters caused by ethnicity,sex and age should be noted.