Objective To study the effects of Chinese medicine compound on bone density, biomechanics, histomorphometry of weightlessness rats simulated by tail suspension. Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats each group:control group, model group, and low dose, medium dose and high dose Chinese medicine compound treated suspension group, the experiment period was 21 days. BMD of femur and lumbar vertebrae were detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The femoral biomechanics parameters and anti-compress ability of lumbar vertebrae were measured by three-point assay and compress test respectively. The quantitative structures of non- decalcified bone tissue sections were analyzed by histomorphometry. Result Compared with control group, BMD of femur and lumbar of model group decreased remarkably (P

0.05 ). However, benazepril+losartan group was better than benazepril group in improving heart composition and function (P

Objective To explore the differences of curricula setting of medical students in China and the United States,and the enlightenment for medical education in China.Methods The curriculum of the 8-year students in Grade 2010 of Peking University was compared with the schedule of medical students in the same grade at the Pittsburgh University,specifically for the number of courses,the distribution of courses,the training of innovative abilities,and the doctor-patient communication courses.All the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0,and t test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results The total number of courses in the two medical schools was similar.The number of study weeks per year for Peking University was (41.6 ± 8.7) weeks while that of Pittsburgh University was (39.6 ± 8.5)weeks,without statistically significant difference (t =1.414,P=0.200).Courses of both universities were distributed from comprehensive courses to medical courses and from basic courses to clinical courses,and the professional courses were similar.Innovative ability training and doctor-patient communication education were reflected in the curriculum of both universities,but the training courses of the University of Pittsburgh began earlier and the form was more flexible.Among them,there was a total of 47 learning hours of the doctor-patient communication lecture in Peking University while the number of Pittsburgh University was 140 learning hours,including lectures and communication with standard patients and real patients.The difference was statistically significant (~=67.45,P=0.000).Conclusion After more than 20 years of medical education reform,the curricula of medical students in China have basically reached the level of developed countries.Professional courses are similar to those of medical schools in developed countries.However,it is still necessary to strengthen the cultivation of innovative ability and medical humanities education.

Objective: To compare the recurrence rates between 755 nm Q-switched alexandrite laser (QSAL) treatment and surgical excision of oral melanotic macules (OMM). Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. A retrospective cohort study was designed to collect demographic and clinical characteristics and follow-up data from patients with OMM. Patients who received QSAL or surgical excision in the Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to August 2021 were included. The one-year recurrence rate was investigated as the primary outcome. Long-term adverse reaction rates were investigated as safety indicators. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to analyze the recurrence-free rates between the groups. Results: A total of 57 patients were enrolled in this study. 16 patients underwent surgical excision, and 41 underwent QSAL. The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the groups were not significantly different. No recurrence (0%) of OMM was observed in the surgical excision group, while in the QSAL group, the macule recurred in 12 patients (29.27%). The average duration of recurrence was 6.08 months after treatment. Recurrence was not found to be associated with smoking (P = 1.000), gastrointestinal polyps (P = 1.000), longitudinal melanonychia (P = 0.187), family history (P = 0.552), treatment sessions (P = 0.567) or multiple macule lesions (P = 0.497). Compared with treatment with surgical excision, the odds ratio of recurrence for treatment with QSAL was 4.41, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.27-15.24 (P = 0.020). In the surgical excision group, 3 patients (18.75%) reported depressions and scars on the lesion, while no long-term adverse reactions (0%) were reported in the QSAL group (P = 0.019). Conclusion Compared with surgical excision, the advantage of QSAL is the low long-term adverse reaction rate, while the disadvantage is the relatively high one-year recurrence rate. It is necessary to communicate the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods with OMM patients to assist in clinical decision-making.

Objective: To investigate the classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of oral lichenoid lesions and provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods: Hospital ethical approval and patient informed consent were obtained. We report a case of oral lichenoid lesion in children and review the diagnosis and treatment of oral lichenoid damage in the literature. Results: The patient experienced repeated rupture of the dorsal surface of the tongue with pain for more than 3 years. There was a large area of tongue back surface erosion with an irregular shape, surrounded by pearly-white lines. The left erosive area was accompanied by tissue hyperplasia, which was approximately 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm, with tough texture and broad masses. The pathological diagnosis of the patient was oral lichenoid lesion. After biopsy of the dorsal surface of the tongue, the pathological diagnosis of the patient was granulomatous inflammation. The final diagnosis of lichenoid granulomatous stomatitis was made on the basis of the patient's intraoral damage features, systemic history, medication history and histopathological findings. A review of the literature suggests that oral lichenoid lesions have an unknown etiology and need to be clinically differentiated from oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid drug reactions, oral lichenoid contact damage and chronic ulcerative stomatitis. The clinical treatment of oral lichen planus is based on the topical and/or systemic use of glucocorticoids. Conclusion There are still no uniform criteria for the classification and diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions. They rely mainly on history taking, clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, and the treatment is mainly based on the topical and/or systemic use of glucocorticoids.

The complexity of oral ulcerations poses considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to oral specialists. The expert consensus was conducted to summarize the diagnostic work-up for difficult and complicated oral ulcers, based on factors such as detailed clinical medical history inquiry, histopathological examination, and ulceration-related systemic diseases screening. Not only it can provide a standardized procedure of oral ulceration, but also it can improve the diagnostic efficiency, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Consensus ; Humans ; Oral Ulcer/therapy*