Objective To investigate the ultrasonic features and differential diagnosis of superficial neurilemmoma ,and improve diagnostic accuracy of superficial neurilemmoma by ultrasound .Methods Retrospectively analyse the ultrasonic findings of 51 ca-ses ,which confirmed for superficial neurilemmoma by pathology ,and analyse the misdiagnosis reason from the aspects of size , shape ,boundary ,internal echo ,blood flow signals .Results Superficial neurilemmoma had some characteristics in the shape ,bound-ary ,internal echo ,blood flow signals and so on .However ,the key point to differentiate it from other diseases was to identify the re-lationship with peripheral nerve .In this study ,the coincidence rate of ultrasonoic diagnosis with pathologic diagnosis was 78 .4% . Conclusion Superficial neurilemmoma have some similarity with neurofibroma or sebaceous cyst on ultrasonographic images .When making diagnosis ,especial attention should be paid to identify the relationship of neurilemmoma with peripheral nerve .

With the development of business of manned spaceflight in China,physiologic derangement in human body,a serious problem in spaceflight,is dangerous to astronauts,as well as the mission progression.With complex diseases,it is Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) by which we can look through the appearance of disease,and get the essence of change of yin and yang,qi and blood,and zang and fu organs in the body.In this paper,the pathogenesis of space physiologic derangement is studied by the sight of TCM theory of correspondence between human and universe,and discussed from the aspects of yin and yang,qi and xue,zang and fu.The author explored the TCM origin of physiologic derangement in space and the determination of treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and signs with TCM.This work is wished to be beneficial to the business of space exploration in our mother country.

Objective To explore the motion features of cervical spine based on continuous X-ray images.Methods The cervical spontaneous continuous multi-frame sagittal images from flexion to extention positions were selected from cervical spondylosis patients (patients group) and healthy adult (normal group).After preprocessing and registration,the trajectory of single vertebral body were recorded,and the feature points of each vertebral body were extracted.Meanwhile,the rel ative geometry parameters and movement rate were calculated.Results The motion trajectory of patients' cervical spine C4-6 were different from healthy people.The angles between the left edge curve of the vertebral body (C4 and C5 vertebra) and the baseline of patients group were smaller than those of normal group in flexion position (all P＜0.05).There were instability in the movement of C4 vertebral body in patient group,and the volatility of the angle change,the rate of change and the frequency were larger.The relative position change of the adjacent single vertebral body in the patient group are smaller.Conclusion Through the preprocessing,registration,parameter extraction and result analysis,the changes of functional features in cervical spondylosis patients are truly reflected.And it also provides a new idea for dynamic analysis of cervical vertebrae based on X-ray images.

Primary rat hepatocytes were cultured using different in vitro models and the enzyme leakage, albumin secretion, and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP 1A) activity were observed. The results showed that the level of LDH was decreased over time in culture. However, on day 5, LDH showed a significant increase in monolayer culture (MC) while after day 8 no LDH was detectable in sandwich culture (SC). The levels of AST and ALT did not change significantly over the investigated time. The CYP 1A activity was gradually decreased in a time-dependent manner in MC and SC. The decline of CYP 1A was faster in MC than in SC. This effect was partially reversed by using cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inducer such as Omeprazol and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and the CYP 1A induction was always higher in MC than in SC. In bioreactor basic CYP 1A activity was preserved over 2 weeks and the highest albumin production was observed in bioreactor followed by SC and MC. Taken together, it was indicated each investigated model had its advantages and disadvantages. It was also underlined that various in vitro models may address different questions.
Albumins/*secretion ; Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Separation ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/*cytology ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Increasing the production and secretion of endogenous opioid peptide by immune cell can significantly induce myocardial protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Gene therapy is promising to increase endogenous enkephalin (ENK). However, classical viral and plasmid vectors for gene delivery are hampered by immunogenicity, gene recombination, oncogene activation, the production of antibacterial antibody and changes in physiological gene expression. Minimalistic immunologically defined gene expression (MIDGE) can overcome all the deficients of viral and plasmid vectors. The exon of rat's preproenkephalin (PPENK) gene was amplified by PCR and the fragments were cloned into pEGFP-N1 plasmids. The recombined plasmids were digested with enzymes to obtain a linear vector contained promoter, preproenkephalin gene, RNA stable sequences and oligodesoxy nucleotides (ODNs) added to both ends of the gene vector to protect gene vector from exonuclease degradation. A nuclear localization sequence (NLS) was attached to an ODN to ensure the effective transport to the nucleus and transgene expression. Flow cytometry, laser confocal microscopy and Western blotting demonstrated that PPENK-MIDGE-NLS can transfect leukocyte of rat in vivo, increase the expression of proenkephalin (PENK) in tissue, and the transfection efficiency depends on gene vector's dosage. These results indicate that PPENK-MIDGE-NLS could be an innovative method to protect and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enkephalins ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Leukocytes ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Precursors ; genetics ; Rats ; Transfection ; Transgenes

The research of sleep staging is an important basis of evaluating sleep quality and diagnosing diseases. In order to achieve automatic sleep staging, we proposed a new method which combines with principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) for automatic sleep staging. Firstly, we used PCA to reduce dimension of time-frequency-space domains and nonlinear dynamical characteristics of sleep EEG from 5 subjects to reduce data redundancy. Secondly, we used 1-a-1 SVM to classify sleep stages. The results showed that the correct rate can reach 89.9%, which was better than those of many other similar studies.
Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sleep Stages ; Support Vector Machine

We applied Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) combined with brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) to study the change of alertness under sleep deprivation in our research. Ten subjects were involved in 36 hours sleep deprivation (SD), during which spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) experiments and auditory evoked EEG experiments-Oddball were recorded once every 6 hours. Spontaneous and evoked EEG data were calculated and BEAMs were structured. Results showed that during the 36 hours of SD, alertness could be divided into three stages, i. e. the first 12 hours as the high stage, the middle 12 hours as the rapid decline stage and the last 12 hours as the low stage. During the period SD, LZC of Spontaneous EEG decreased over the whole brain to some extent, but remained consistent with the subjective scales. By BEAMs of event related potential, LZC on frontal cortex decreased, but kept consistent with the behavioral responses. Therefore, LZC can be effective to reflect the change of brain alertness. At the same time LZC could be used as a practical index to monitor real-time alertness because of its simple computation and fast calculation.
Attention ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Sleep Deprivation

There are several special advantages of the application of standardized patients ( SPs) in the assessments of clinical skills examination of medical practitioners .However , this application in China is restricted by some limit factors, such as the shortage of SP trainers and SPs , the huge funds needed and the imbalance of regional develop-ment.The suggestion to overcome those limitation and to promote SPs be applied to the clinical skills examination of medical practitioners are as follow: the preparatory of regional university union of SPs , the introduction of social capital to participate in and the adoption of the mode of scale operation .

Objective To investigate the causes and factors of hemoglobinuria in patients with thrombosis after AngioJet mechanical thrombectomy.Methods The clinical data of 16 patients with thrombosis treated by AngioJet thrombectomy system were retrospectively analyzed.Nine patients with hemoglobinuria during the procedure were included in group A,while 7 patients without hemoglobinuria in group B.The type of surgical procedure,time of intraoperative aspiration and the thrombus volume were compared between both groups.Results Nine (9/16,56.23 ％) of 16 patients were found hemoglobinuria during and after AngioJet mechanical thrombectomy.There were no statistically significant differences in surgical approaches (x2 =1.667,P=0.197),the time of intraoperative aspiration ([320.11±108.80]s vs [265.29±31.46]s,t=0.741,P=0.457),the thrombus volume (x2=0.442,P=0.506) between both groups.No renal function failure were noted directly relating to the use of the AngioJet thrombectomy device.Condusion There are many factors influenced the occurrence of hemoglobinuria in the patients after AngioJet thrombectomy.It can be reduced by using reasonable type of intraoperative aspiration,controled time of aspiration and active perioperative symptomatic treatment.

Objective To investigate the tubulocystic carcinoma (TC) of kidney in diagnosis and differential diagnosis,clinical and pathological features.Methods A case of TC was performed with HE and immunohistochemical staining,with review of the related literature.Results A man of 43 years old,who was found an occupying in the upper pole of the right kidney by B ultrasound,was performed ill-circumscribed of the right kidney.A gray solid ill-circumscribed mass was found within the renal parenchyma,which was sized of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.0 cm.Microscopically,the tumor showed an invasive growth,and that it was composed of small tubular and vesicular structure closely spaced with slender fibrosis mesenchymal.The epithelial cells lining the tubules and cysts were flattened,cuboidal and hobnail cells,with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and obvious nucleolus of Fuhrman grade 3.The tumor showed positive of cytokeratin,CD10+++ and P504S+++,with low Ki-67 labeling index.Postoperative follow-up of 6 months,the patient showed no tumor recurrence and metastasis.Conclusions TC is a special subtype of renal cell carcinoma,with a tubular and cystic structure,high nuclear grade and rare mitotic.The differential diagnosis mainly includes other renal cystic lesions.The biological behavior of TC is indolent with less recurrence and distant metastasis.