Objective To explore the change of plasma orexin-A levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Lung function test and blood gas analysis were performed in 15 obese COPD patients,20 COPD patients without obesity,20 obese controls and 20 normal healthy adults(control group).In both obese COPD group and obese group,the body mass index(BMI)was higher than 25 and there was no significant difference in BMI.The plasma was deproteinized by chromatography,and the plasma orexin-A levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results The plasma orexin-A levels in the obese COPD group[(8.82?1.90)ng/L]and the non-obese COPD group[(8.69?1.84)ng/L]were significantly higher than those in the obese group[(7.18?1.45)ng/L(P 0.05).Plasma orexin-A levels in patients with COPD correlated negatively with partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_2)(r = -0.527 ,P

Myocardial metabolism activating drugs can increase the energy supply and decrease the energy consumption of the myocardial cells,playing a role in the nourishment and protection of cardiac muscles and the optimization of the energy metabolism.It is the adjuvant drug in treatment of myocarditis,myocardiosis,severe arrhythmia,acute or chronic heart failure and cardiosurgery,with an irreplaceable role in the salvage therapy of severe angiocardiopathy.Due to its safety and little side effects,it has been widely used in pediatrics.

Objective To investigate the situation and development trend of adolescent mental health diathesis, and explore the differences and influencing factors among students with different features.Methods 338 adolescents were tested with the Adolescent Mental Health Diathesis Scale. Results ①Except the self levels,there was significant differences in other levels and sublevels of the mental health diathesis between college( ( adaption(64.17 ±7.12) interpersonal(58.70 ±7.13 ) personality( 127.72 ± 14.41 ) motive power system( 109.34 ±11.76) cognitive style(43.76 ±4.24) copying style( 106.14 ± 10.33 ) ) and middle school students( ( adaption (68.27 ±5.86) interpersonal(64.78 ±5.25) personality( 135.72 ± 10.52) motive power system( 129.79 ±10.12) cognitive style(49.86 ± 4.70 ) copying style ( 124.77 ± 9.80 ) ), boys and girls, students in cities and countries, with different levels of parents'education or economic of family.②Correlation and reegression analysis showed that the form and development trend of mental health diathesis was influenced by several factors.Conclusion In general, the state of adolescent mental health diathesis is good in Jinan.Different groups of adolescents have diverse styles on the scales and dimensions of mental health diathesis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the respiratory tract infection rate,pathogenic organism and drug resistance for the patients with tracheotomy and endotracheal incubation in ICU,and to provide first-hand information for diseases prevention and clinical treatment.METHODS Fifty eight patients admitted in our hospital ICU from Dec 2006 to May 2007 were analyzed for their pathogenic organisms of lower respiratory tract infection,drug resistance,underlying diseases and age.RESULTS Pathogenic organisms from sputum culture for 58 patients with tracheotomy and endotracheal incubation were all positive.A total of 139 strains of pathogenic organisms have been found.Among them 106 were Gram-negative bacteria,accounted for 76.3%,and 26 were Gram-positive bacteria,accounted for 18.7% and 7 were fungi,accounted for 5%.From sputum culture of 29 patients Burkholderia cepacia was positive,which was the No.1 bacterial infection,accounted for 20.7% of total.Drug sensitive test for most Gram-negative bacteria showed resistance.CONCLUSIONS Bacteria infection of respiratory tract of the patients with mechanic ventilation in ICU is mostly Gram-negative.Clinical doctors should emphasize the inspection of pathogenic infection regularly and its drug resistance evaluation,to administer appropriate antibiotics.

Objective:To investigate the expression of u-PA and PAI-1 and their possible role in oral submucous fibrosis(OSF). Methods:Immunohistochemistry and imaging analysis were used to detect the expression of u-PA and PAI-1 in 30 cases of OSF and 10 cases of normal control.Results:The expression of u-PA and PAI-1 was observed in the cytoplasm of blood vessel endothelium,fibroblasts and inflammatory infiltration cells in lamina propria of OSF and control samples.u-PA expression was increased at the early stage of OSF(P0.05).PAI-1 expression was increased following the development of the disease(P

Objective To design and produce specific stealth siRNAs and detect their inhibitive effects on TGF-?1 expression.Methods Three stealth siRNAs aimed directly at different sequences(stealth-48,stealth-166,stealth-594) in TGF-?1 mRNA were made.These siRNAs were transfected into BALB/c mouse lung fibroblast in vitro,then the TGF-?1 expression in those lung fibroblasts was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results In different time periods,the TGF-?1 expression was differently depressed by three stealth siRNAs in vitro.The inhibitory effects of stealth-166 was better than the other two stealth siRNAs.The inhibition could be detected in 48 h,reached the highest level in 72 h and began to attenuate 96 h later.Conclusion The TGF-?1 expression of mouse lung fibroblasts in vitro can be depressed by synthetic stealth siRNAs.It seems possible to provide a new way for the treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between carotid arteriosclerosis and ischemic cerebral vascular disorders (ICVD). Method We examined 126 ICVD patients and 126 non-ICVD patients in the alterations of carotid dimension and intramembrane morphology with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Results Carotid plaques to various extent were detected in 82 cases of ICVD patients and 38 cases of non-ICVD patients. The incidence of carotid plaques was 68.3% and 35.7%, respectively in these two groups of patients. Furthermore, patients either with age over 60 years, hypertension, or hyperlipemia were found to be more susceptible to carotid arteriosclerosis. Conclusion MRA is very useful to detect early-stage carotid arteriosclerosis, and the occurrence in the carotid arteriosclerosis is closely related to ICVD.

0.05).SEM revealed that the lased enamel surface appeared various patterns of microirregularity, and there was no smear layer.Conclusion:Laser irradiation can be used to prepare the enamel before placing pit and fissure sealant.

Objective To study the regulation of iodine solution dissemination through the portal vein duo to compression of liver tissue in SD rat models.Methods SD rats were divided into three groups:liver segment blocking group,non-liver segment blocking group and placebo group.Right anterior segments of liver were blocked by blocking ribbon before the compression of liver tissue in liver segment blocking group,the liver tissue was pressed in 20 times.The procedures were all the same with blocking groups in non-liver segment blocking group except that the liver tissue is free from blocking.Placebo group only was opened and closed the abdomens.The iodine solution was injected into the liver tissue in right anterior segments and iodine ball should be confirmed under the X-ray in every experimental rats.The severity of the iodine predations in the liver was divided into four degree:Degree A indicated the iodine ball was in situ;no predations;Predations were in right anterior segments only in degree B;Degree C was found iodine spots in other liver segments except right anterior segments;Degree D indicated iodine spread to other organs.The iodine balls were pressed under the pressure between 10 and 15 mm Hg.Results Majority of iodine balls(36/45,80%)were formed successfully in liver tissues.Compression of the iodine balls in liver tissues can cause iodine predations in the vessels in liver.The severity of the dissemination was related to the pressure and the range of the pressings.The blocking of the liver segments before the operation can reduce the predations of iodine.Conclusion Pressing of the liver tissue can caused the iodine balls disseminate in vessels,cancer cells or cause thrombus disseminate in the vessels,Which can be reduced by avoiding the compression of the liver or tumom during the operation.

Objective To summarize the principle and structure of objective structured clinical examination(OSCE)in the graduation practice examination of undergraduate nursing students.Methods A OSCE model was designed with a case running through the whole process of it by referring to the classic model of OSCE and applied it to the graduation practice examination of undergraduate nursing students of grade 2004.Results 75.0%students believed that the setup of OSCE location was reasonable and 78.1%of them thought that they were used to this kind of examination.100.0%of them considered that this examination model could objectively evaluate the general clinical capacity and at the same time make clear the future purpose of next internship stage. Conclusion The OSCE model could objectively evaluate the general clinical ability of students and truly reflect the existing problems,thus provide benefitable reforrences for the next internship stage.