Child ; Humans ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; surgery ; Recurrence

Ebola virus-related papers covered in PubMed and CNKI were analyzed by co-occurrence and cluster analysis, respectively. The current situation in research of Ebola virus in China and foreign countries was com-pared. Some suggestions were proposed for research of Ebola virus in China, such as attaching importance to re-search of Ebola virus, enforcing research of its vaccine,and strengthening cooperation between domestic and foreign scholars.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane (Sero) preconditioning (Precon) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Sixty-four adult male SD rats weighing 270-350 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 16 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S); group Ⅱ myocardial I/R; group Ⅲ Sero and group Ⅳ Sevo-Precon + myocardial I/R. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 50 mg/kg, intubated and mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 2 h reperfusion in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ . In group Ⅲ the animals inhaled 2.5 % sevoflurane for 30 min while in group Ⅳ the animals inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 30 min at 15 min before myocardial I/R. Eight animals were killed at the end of 2 h reperfusion in each group. The hearts were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) as a percentage of area at risk (AAR) (IS/AAR) by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Myocardial apoptosis was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Another 4 animals were killed before ischemia and at the end of 2 h reperfusion for determining the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein in myocardium by Western blot. Results Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly decreased infarct size and AI in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅱ (group I/R). Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased and caspase-3 protein expression was significantly increased after 2 h reperfusion as compared with the expression before ischemia in group I/R (group Ⅱ ). Sevoflurane preconditioning significantly reversed the I/R-induced changes in Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression. Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by decreasing myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the association of cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 8 (CASP 8) gene-652 6N Insertion/Deletion polymorphisms and susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods CASP 8 gene -652 6N I/D polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing in 414 controls and 410 patients with T2DM. Results I/I, I/D and D/D genotype frequency were 56.5%, 38.9%, 4.6%in controls and 58.0%, 32.9%, 9.0%in T2DM group respectively (P<0.05). The risk in D/D genotype people was 1.916 times than I/I genotype (adjusted OR=1.916, 95%CI=1.199~3.054, P<0.05). The fasting blood sugar of D/D genotype people was significantly higher than that of I/D and I/I genotype people (P<0.05). Conclusions CASP 8 gene-652 6N I/D polymorphisms are associated with T2DM outbreak.

The paper comprehensively understands the current construction situation of 30 provincial disease control websites through scientific evaluation methods and professional evaluation indexes,and finds and analyzes the major problems.The result shows that the website construction of disease control system is in the development phase generally,information publication and online service is provided with certain foundation,but the mutual communication and website design are relatively weak links which can be greatly improved.

Objective:To explore the knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) level in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and analyze the correlation between these factors and KAP.Methods:Totally 318 DR patients were selected using cluster sampling and investigated for their demographic information and KAP from March 2018 to March 2019. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the factors related to KAP.Results:The total KAP score of the 315 DR patients was (19.26±5.77) , and their score of DR prevention and control knowledge was (9.37±4.08) , with an accuracy rate of 43.81%. The most common way for DR patients to obtain knowledge is was "mobile phone / WeChat / other online channels", followed by "communication with patients"; the most desired way for DR patients to obtain knowledge was "health lectures by doctors / nurses", and the DR-related service that they wanted the most was "free blood sugar and fundus examination". The DR attitude score was (4.61±1.33) . The positive response rate for "glycemic monitoring and control is very important for DR, and all patients must control blood glucose within the normal range" was 86.03%, ranking the highest, while the positive response rate for "willing to receive psychological guidance" was 19.68%, ranking the lowest. The DR behavior score was (5.28±1.96) . The positive response rate for "ask family, friends, or medical professionals for help with vision problems" was 89.52%, ranking the highest, while the positive rate for "able to abide by the principles of diabetes diet on holidays, birthdays, or outing" was 34.29%, ranking the lowest. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that there were positive correlations between the course of disease and the total score of KAP ( r=0.510, P=0.032) , education levels ( r=0.171, P=0.011) and DR prevention knowledge, the average monthly family income ( r=0.922, P=0.021) , with or without complications ( r=0.671, P=0.027) and DR attitude, and living style ( r=0.381, P=0.013) , average monthly household income ( r=0.884, P=0.024) and DR behavior. Conclusions:The overall level of KAP in DR patients is low, and health education for medical staff needs to be strengthened. KAP is closely related to factors such as age, education, complications, average family income, and living style. KAP in DR patients should be improved through many ways in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the refractive status of children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in Chengdu, and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of refractive parameters. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among 82 024 children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in Gaoxin District of Chengdu from August to September 2021. The prevalence of screening myopia, low vision rate, high myopia rate, refractive status and axial development were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of screening myopia in students aged 4-18 years was 40.42%(33 158/82 024). Low myopia was 24.51%(20 108/82 024), moderate myopia was 13.05%(10 703/82 024) and high myopia was 2.86%(2 347/82 024). The prevalence of screening myopia was 1.81% (233/12 848) in kindergarten, 34.44%(17 095/49 644) in primary school, 79.73%(9 738/12 214) in junior high school and 83.25% (6 092/7 318) in senior high school. The rate of visual impairment increased by year from the age of 4, and the rate of myopia increased most rapidly from 6 to 15 years old, the prevalenct of high myopia was compared between adjacent age groups: there were statistical differences between 9-15 years old were more likely to be nearsighted than boys( P <0.035 7). Significant differences in screening myopia between 5- and 7-17 year old groups,and in boys and girls.The median total diopter was 0.40 D at the age of 4 and developed to -2.90 D at the age of 18 . The diopter of girls aged 8-15 years was higher than that of boys, and there was statistical significance( Z=-2.53, -4.09, -5.67, -8.64, -5.56, -4.97, -2.52, -2.14, P <0.05). The axial length gradually increased with age, with the mean value of (22.31±0.59) mm at 4 years old and (24.91±1.00) mm at 18 years old. The mean corneal curvature did not change with age (43.19±1.47)D. Conclusion 6-15 years old is a especially critical period for myopia development. More efforts need to be taken to decrease the prevalence of myopia before 6 years old. Prevention of the development of high myopia should start before the age of 10. The prevalence of myopia in girls is higher than that in boys, more prevention and control of myopia should focus on girls.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Sishen pill compound combined with mesalazine in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis and its effect on the circadian rhythm of symptoms. Methods:A total of 136 patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis who received treatment in Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to December 2020 were included in this prospective randomized controlled trial. These patients were divided into a treatment group ( n = 68) and a control group ( n = 68). The treatment group was treated with Sishen pill compound combined with mesalazine. The control group was treated with mesalazine alone. All patients were treated for 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy, as well as morning abdominal pain grade, morning diarrhea score, fecal trait score, Mayo score, hemoglobin, and hypersensitive C-reactive protein pre- and post-treatment, were compared between the two groups. Results:Total response rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group [91.18% (62/68) vs. 72.06% (49/68), χ2 = 8.28, P < 0.05]. After treatment, morning diarrhea score, morning abdominal pain score, fecal trait score, Mayo score, hemoglobin, and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in the treatment group were (0.47 ± 0.56) points, (0.53 ± 0.56) points, (3.01 ± 0.72) points, (7.13 ± 1.38) points, (108.04 ± 12.21) g/L, (4.00 ± 2.19) mg/L, respectively, and they were (0.84 ± 0.56) points, (1.12 ± 0.56) points, (4.40 ± 0.76) points, (3.25 ± 1.44) points, (102.15 ± 12.61) g/L, and (6.07 ± 3.66) mg/L respectively in the control group. There were significant differences in these indexes between the treatment and control groups ( t = 3.59, 5.95, 10.06, 9.62, 2.78, 3.99, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Sishen pill compound combined with mesalazine can effectively reduce clinical symptoms of active ulcerative colitis, increase hemoglobin level, decrease C-reactive protein level, improve the efficiency of treatment, reduce symptoms and the number of diarrhea rhythms, and improve stool symptoms of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of comprehensive reform of clinical education on cultivating the clinical thinking ability of medical students in internal medicine.Methods:A total of 44 clinical interns on medicine rotation were included in this study and divided into experimental group and control group, and a series of measures for clinical teaching reform, which included undergraduate tutorial system, team-based learning (TBL) mode, combination of electronic medical record and handwritten medical record, as well as formative assessment, were applied to fully promote clinical thinking ability of medical students. SPSS 17.0 software was used to compare the scores of final academic tests of rotation and competition of medical record writing between the control and the experiment groups. Self-designed questionnaires on undergraduate tutors and clinical interns were applied to comprehensively evaluate the effects of this education reform.Results:Independent-sample t tests showed there were statistically significant difference ( P<0.01) in the scores of final academic tests of rotation and competition of medical record writing between the two groups, and the mean score of the experiment group was higher than that of the control group. Questionnaire survey showed that tutors and clinical interns both fully affirmed the positive effects of the education reform on cultivating clinical thinking ability of medical students in internal medicine. Conclusion:Application of comprehensive education reform in clinical teaching of internal medicine, which based on introduction of undergraduate tutorial system and TBL mode, could effectively promote the clinical thinking ability of medical students and the teaching quality.

Hip fracture is considered as the most severe osteoporotic fracture characterized by high disability and mortality in the elderly. Improved surgical techniques and multidisciplinary team play an active role in alleviating prognosis, which places higher demands on perioperative nursing. Dysfunction, complications, and secondary impact of anaesthesia and surgery add more difficulties to clinical nursing. Besides, there still lack clinical practices in perioperative nursing for elderly patients with hip fracture in China. In this context, led by the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association, the Expert consensus on clinical practice in perioperative nursing for elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2023) is developed based on the evidence-based medicine. This consensus provides 11 recommendations on elderly patients with hip fracture from aspects of perioperative health education, condition monitoring and inspection, complication risk assessment and prevention, and rehabilitation, in order to provide guiding advices for clinical practice, improve the quality of nursing and ameliorate the prognosis of elderly patients with hip fracture.