OBJECTIVE:To put forward some suggestion to improve drug bidding system in China.METHODS:The process of drug bidding system reform and its common problems were analyzed.Game theory and information asymmetry theory were adopted to analyze the root of the problems and to put forward suggestions.RESULTS:Governments indiscriminately expanded the goals of bidding policy and strengthen price factor.They neglected important steps such as logistics distribution.Current single evaluation system can not count the medication order exactly.Delayed received payment of medical institution resulted in many problems of drug purchase.CONCLUSION:Centralized drug bidding system should be improved and enhanced.It also should be connected with relevant medical system reform to standardize drug circulation channels,reduce drug price and reduce the burden of patient.

Objective To analyze the false-positive results of Treponema pallidum antibody caused by 3 different assay in comparison with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA).Methods Research group included 3957 clinically asymptomatic syphilis patients,and control group was 344 outpatients with sex-transmitted diseases (STD).The serum samples from the patients who were TPHA-positive were tested in parallel by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) and syphilis toluidine red untreated serum test (TRUST).Western blot (WB) was performed as confirmatory test.Results In the clinically asymptomatic patients,60 were TPHA-positive.Among them 57 were confirmed by western blot assay,and 1 was false-positive and 2 were borderline in WB.Of the 60 TPHA-positive patients,53 were positive in EIA and 23 were positive in TRUST.In STD patients 40 were TPHA,WB and EIA-positive but 32 were TRUST-positive.Conclusions The results of TPHA and EIA were consistent for diagnosis of syphilis patients who may suffer from previous or latent infection.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) of rs7517847 and rs10489629 on IL-23R gene and susceptibility of ankylosing spondylitis in Jilin.Methods:IL-23R gene polymorphisms of 188 cases on ankylosing spondylitis were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP ) , compared with those of 100 cases of healthy control group.Results:The frequency distribution differences ,between AS group and comparison group of separate genotype and the allele on two SNPs (rs7517847 and rs10489629) both showed statistical significance (P<0.05).Meanwhile, by the assumed genetic way , compared homozygous mutant GG of rs 7517847 with TG+TT, compared homozygous mutant AA of rs10489629 with GA+GG,such frequency distribution difference between the above two groups also showed statistical significance ( P<0.05).Conclusion:Polymorphisms about IL-23R gene of the rs7517847 and rs10489629 are both associated with susceptibility of AS in Jilin.The risk of AS will be increased if the person both with G/A allele and GG/AA genotype , which may be one of susceptive factors by AS.

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of diagnosis and therapeutic effect of malignant pleural effusion with lung cancer,and explore the prognostic factors and effective diagnosis and treatment plans.Methods A retrospective analysis in-cludes 728 cases of definite pleural effusion with lung cancer from October 2009 to December 2013 in our hospital,which was fol-lowed-up to September 30,2014,and 438 cases were available analyzed.The main outcome measures were incidence,efficiency,pro-gression-free survival and overall survival.Results The overall median progression-free survival and the median survival of malig-nant pleural effusions with lung cancer was respectively 4 months and 8 months.males,small cell lung cancer,massive pleural effu-sion,and right pleural effusion may be the independent factors of local unmanageable malignant pleural effusion by multivariable Lo-gistic regression.The overall survival of pleural effusion with locally control(less than four weeks )was better than those with un-manageable(mOS:9 month vs.5 month,P<0.001).It was no significant difference of the control rate for overall survival prognosis between pleural effusion with two weeks and those with four weeks.histological type,partial remission time,the number of cycles of chemotherapy and TKI therapy may be the independent development risk by progression with Multivariate Cox regression analysis. the progress risk of patients with squamous cell carcinoma and other histological types were lower than that of adeno carcinoma (P=0.007).The progress risk of development of patients with 4 weeks of pleural effusion was significantly lower than that of the non remission (P=0.004),the progress risk of complete chemotherapy cycle number > 2 cycles and takingTKI treatment were significantly reduced (P<0.001;P=0.026).Gender,histological type,pericardial effusion,partial remission time,cycles of chemo-therapy and TKI were the independent prognostic factors for overall survival.The overall survival prognosis of patients with Fe-male,squamous cell carcinoma,no pericardial effusion,and over three cycles of chemotherapy,TKI therapy,and local controlled in 4 weeks was better.Conclusion Male,massive pleural effusion and right pleural effusion are independent predictive factors of local unmanageable malignant pleural effusion.The overall survival of pleural effusion with locally control was better than the patients with refractory control.Histological type,controllable relief time of pleural effusion,cycles of chemotherapy and TKI therapy were the independent predictive factors of progression and overall survival.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for traumatic lumbar punctures in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Methods 132 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia totally received 2634 lumbar punctures. The basic data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), platelet count, interval between two punctures, and presence or absence of ultrasound-guided procedure were collected and analyzed. The risk factors for traumatic lumbar puncture were identified by logistic regression. Results The risk for traumatic lumbar puncture was higher in children younger than 1 year, and it was relatively lower in those aged 1 to 10 years. The risk for traumatic lumbar puncture was slightly higher in children with a BMI index of more than 95. The longer the interval between two punctures, the lower the risk. If lumbar puncture was guided under ultrasound or radiographic images, the risk was much smaller. Conclusions Age of younger than 1 year, BMI index of more than 95, shorter interval between two punctures, and direct puncture can increase the risk for traumatic lumbar puncture.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of large (≥5 cm in diameter) hepatic hemangiomas.Methods Clinical data of 50 patients with large hepatic hemangiomas (≥5 cm in diameter) treated with RFA between October 2007 and December 2012 were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups (5-10 cm and ≥ 10 cm) according to tumor size.Results Thirty-two patients had 36 hemangiomas of 5-10 cm in diameter and 18 patients had 19 hemangiomas of ≥ 10 cm in diameter.Technical success,complications related to RFA,completed ablation,symptom relief,change in size of ablation zone and recurrence of the residual tumor were analyzed.The average diameters of the two groups were 7.1 ± 1.2 cm and 13.2-± 2.4 cm separately (t =-12.57,P ＜ 0.01) ; the technical achievement ratios of the two groups were both 100％ ; Seven of 32 patients with hemangiomas 5-10 cm and all the 18 patients with hemangiomas ≥ 10 cm had 13 and 61 complications related to RFA,the incidence of complications were 21.88％ and 100％ respectively (x2 =28.13,P ＜ 0.01); 94.55％ hemangiomas (52/55) acquired complete ablation,the complete ablation rates of 5-10 cm hemangiomas and ≥10 cm hemangiomas were 100％ (36/36) and 84.21％ (16/19) respectively (P =0.014).The mean diameters of ablation zone were respectively decreased to 5.3 ± 1.0 cm and 10.62±1.8 cm (t =-14.30,P ＜0.01).Conclusions RFA for hepatic hemangiomas 5-10 cm in diameter is safe and effective; while its complication for ablation of hemangiomas ≥ 10 cm is high.

Objective To retrospectively assess the prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection.Methods A total of 417 HCC patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection were included into two groups.108 patients were classified into DM group and 309 patients into the non-DM group.Overall survival,disease-free survival,postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared between the two groups after reducing confounding bias by propensity score matching.Independent prognostic predictors were determined by Cox proportional hazards model.Results Propensity score matching resulted in 89 patients in each group,and variables were balanced between two groups.In the matched cohort,DM and non-DM groups showed similar morbidity and 30-and 90-day mortality after curative hepatectomy (respectively x2 =0.837,x2 =Fisher,x2 =Fisher,all P ＞ 0.05),the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 82.0％,59.9％,and 33.4％ in DM group and 90.7％,79.1％,and 69.3％ in non-DM group,respectively(P =0.001),however,there was no significant difference in disease-free survival between DM and non-DM groups.Cox multivariate analysis revealed that DM is an independent risk factor for overall survival in patients with HCC after curative resection,but not for disease-free survival.Conclusions DM does not increase the postoperative morbidity or mortality for patients with HCC after curative resection,however,DM may increase the risk of mortality of HCC patients in the long-term.

Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the symptom of a central nervous system demyelinating,systemic or infectious disease.The pathogenetic mechanism of ON is still not completely clear,and its core is inflammation and immune that occurred in the optic nerve axons,and apoptosis of RGC was induced.Few patients experience recurrent episodes after treatment,presenting a remission-recurrence course of polyphasic disease,named recurrent ON (RON).Two forms of RON have been assigned:recurrent isolated optic neuritis,which is a chronic corticosteroid-dependent optic neuropathy with intermittent acute relapses,and recurrent isolated optic neuritis,which is a non-progressive relapsing ON without steroid dependence.Recurrence of ON causes cumulative damage to the optic nerve lesions and impaired visual signal transmission,thus causing irreversible damage to vision.Therefore,it is very important to have a deep understanding of the pathogenesis of ON and the clinical characteristics of RON,so as to better conduct clinical treatment.

Objective To compare the effect of kidney-tonifying blood-activating recipe (KBR) and Aescuven Forte Tablets ( AFT) in improving the sperm quality of varicocele-induced male sterility, thus to optimize the therapeutic therapy for varicocele-induced male sterility. Methods A total of 102 varicocele-induced male sterility with abnormal sperm parameters after conservative treatment were randomized into KBR group (N=53) and AFT group ( N=49) . KBR group was given KBR plus natural vitamin E and AFT group was given AFT plus natural vitamin E, and the treatment lasted for 8 continuous weeks. Before and after treatment, the quality of seminal fluid was analyzed, sperm quantization parameters such as total number of sperm (TNS) , total number of progressive motility sperm ( TNPS) , total number of normal form sperm ( TNNS) and total number of nor mal form and progressive motility sperm ( TNNPS) were observed, and the improvement rate of sperm quantization parameter was compared. Results (1) Before treatment, the differences of TNS, TNPS, TNNS and TNNPS were insignificant between the two groups ( P>0.05) . After treatment, TNNS was not improved in AFT group ( P>0.05) , but TNS, TNPS, TNNPS were much improved in both groups ( P<0.01 compared with those before treatment) . The improvement of KBR group was superior to that of AFT group ( P<0.05) . ( 2) The improvement rate for TNS, TNPS, TNNS, TNNPS was 90.57%, 79.25%, 67.92%, 77.36%in KBR group, and was 75.51%, 73.47%, 28.57%, 61.22% in AFT group respectively. The improvement rate for TNS and TNNS in KBR group was superior to that in AFT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Varicocele-induced male sterility patients usually have the syndrome of kidney deficiency and blood stasis, so KBR, which has the function of tonifying kidney and activating blood, has synergistic action on the effect of AFT in improving sperm quality of varicocele-induced male sterility patients.