"Microbiology"(color edition),with Prof.Shen Ping and Prof.Chen Xiangdong of Wuhan Uni-versity as the Chief Editors,is the first 4-color microbiological teaching material in China and has been co-edited by a lot of experts in microbiological field.Besides the introduction of fundamental knowledge,it’s also a book full of creativity and inspiration,furthermore,it combines theory with practice systematically,all of which contribute much to the development of the ability of self-study and creativity for students.A large quantity of delicate illustrations enriches the book extraordinarily.

The transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a non-invasive detection methods of evaluating intracranial artery.Since the 1980s,TCD has been extensively used in various fields of clinical work.Because of its simple operation,good repeatability,and the continuous bedside observation of patients,TCD is especially suitable for severe patients.Increased intracranial pressure is one of the important reasons for the deadly disease in children,it can make the cerebral blood flow perfusion decreased,causing serious consequences,such as brain dysfunction,so intracranial pressure monitoring has important clinical significance.TCD as a noninvasive monitoring tool,can monitor the patients with increased intracranial pressure dynamically,according to the blood flow velocity,the related parameters and the wave of cerebral hemodynamics,so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring intracranial pressure change.This article focused on the TCD application progress in several common children's diseases of increased intracranial pressure.

Objective The observation of curative effect and nursing for micro-penetration heating treating wound arms and legs fracture after the operation. Methods 76 cases of the patients suffered from wound arms and legs fracture are divided into 38 cases as the observation group and 38 cases the comparison group at random. The comparison group is treated by normal method only and the observation group is started to be treated by micro-penetration heating treating device for the ray based on the normal method only the second day after operation. Results The observation group is superior to the comparison group in pain situation, wounded infection rate and coalescence time totally (P<0.05). Conclusion The micro-penetration heating treatment can relieve the pain of wound bone fracture to prevent from wounded infection, coalescence to shorten the time of patients' treatment in hospital so that it has a very consequence for it to relieve press from the psychology and finance.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of hyaluric acid sodium injection and functional exercises on patients with comminuted fracture of tibia plateau after reposition. Methods 134 patients with comminuted fracture of tibia plateau after reposition were randomized into the observation group and the control group with 67 cases in each group. The observation group received 2ml of hyaluric acidsodium injection into the knee joint cavity with 1％ lidocaine once a week and 3 times totally. At the same time active and passive functional exercises were applied. The control group was only given routine nursing. The knee function was evaluated by Lysholm Scale 4 months after operation and the results were compared. Results The score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The hyaluric acid sodium injection and functional exercises could improve the healing of joint cartilage and contribute to the rehabilitation of joint function in patients with comminuted fracture of tibia plateau after reposition.

Objective To compare RNA interference (RNAi) with imatinib in killing K562 cells. Methods Design effective shRNA sequences special for bcr-abl silencing and insert them into the eukaryotic expression vector for RNAi by gene engineering. The recombinant plasmi(ts were then transfected into K562 cells. 48 hours later, the efficiency of transfection was identified by fluorescent microscope, bcr-abl mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Another group of K562 cells were treated respectively by imatinib with different concentration. All groups of K562 cells were finally analyzed in apoptosis, cell proliferation and phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Results Both RNAi and imatinib induced apoptosis, decreased proliferation and reduced phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Conclusion BNAi can kill K562 cells successfully as imatinib, and it may be a promising way to treat CML patients in clinic, especially for those who fail in imatinib or other chemotherapy.

Objective To analyse effects of zinc on immune function in children with infantile pneumonia .Methods A total of 96 children with infantile pneumonia selected from May to July 2014 were randomly divided into zinc supplementary treatment group and routine treatment group ,with 48 cases in each group .Routine treatment group was given conventional treatment ,while the zinc supplementary treatment group was received conventional treatment combined with zinc supplement .The serum level of zinc and immune function were detected before and after treatment ,respectively .Other 40 healthy infants received physical examination were contemporarily selected as healthy control group .Results Before treatment ,the levels of serum zinc ,IgA ,IgM and IgG ,percentages of CD3+ ,CD4+ cells and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in the two groups of children with infantile pneumonia were lower than those in the healthy control group ,while percentage of CD8+ cells was lower than that in the healthy control group ,had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .While no statistically significant differences of indicators mentioned above were found between the zinc sup‐plementary treatment group and routine treatment group before treatment(P> 0 .05) .After treatment ,the levels of serum zinc , IgA ,IgM and IgG ,percentages of CD3+ ,CD4+ cells and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in the zinc supplementary treatment group were higher than those in the routine treatment group ,and percentage of CD8+ cells was lower than that in the routine treatment group , had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05);while compared with the healthy control group ,levels of serum zinc ,IgA ,IgM , IgG were still lower ,had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .After treatment ,levels of serum zinc ,IgA ,IgM ,IgG ,per‐centages of CD3+ ,CD4+ cells and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in the routine treatment group were still lower than those in the healthy control group ,and percentage of CD8+ cells was still higher than that in the healthy control group ,had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Zinc can effectively improve the immune function of children with infantile pneumonia ,which might shorten treatment time and reduce adverse outcomes .

Objective To compared the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal and laparotomy in the treatment of early endometrial cancer.Methods CLinical data of 180 patients with endometrial cancer were analyzed retrospectively,which were randomly divided into two groups:The laparotomy group were underwent conventional abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy;Laparoscopic group were underwent laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.Operative time,blood loss,recovery time of gastrointestinal function,length of stay,the number of harvested lymph nodes,complications were compared.Results There were no significant differences in operative time,blood loss,the number of lymph nodes cleaned up between two groups(P ＞0.05).Recovery time of gastrointestinal function,and length of stay in the laparoscopic group was significantly shorter than the laparotomy group,the differences were statistically significant(t =2.898,2.564,P ＜0.05).The complication rates(11.0％ vs 19.1％) were no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).Following up for 3 months to 27 months,recurfence rates(6.6％ vs 5.6％) and survival rates(98.9％ vs 97.8 ％) were no significant difference(all P ＞ 0.05).Conciusion The clinical efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal surgical treatment for early endornetrial cancer was significantly superior to laparotomy surgery with advantage of minimally invasive,quick recovery.

A new HPLC-UV technique for the separation and analysis of 10 monosaccharides achieved within 13.5 min using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as the labelling molecule of the reductive monosaccharides has been established by combining common high performance liquid chromatography-UV and C18 column. The established technique was applied to the quantification of the monosaccharide components in extract of Silybum marianum. The results showed that the tested 10 monosaccharides as PMP derivatives were baseline separated under the HPLC conditions proposed. It was confirmed that Silybum marianum extract was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose and arabinose with the molar ratio of 0.66:0.84:0.58:1.0:1.6:0.69:2.7:4.8. Quantitative recoveries of the compositional monosaccharides separated from the extract were in the range of 92.4%-104.0%, and the RSD values fell within 0.68%-3.81%. The results demonstrated that the proposed HPLC method was simple, rapid, convenient, and precise, and it was applicable to the analysis of the compositional monosaccharides of Silybum marianum extract.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of alendronate sodium preventing osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women,and to provide reference for osteoporotic and osteopenia patients to select economical and effective therapy plan. METH-ODS:Using Markov economic model,TreeAge Pro 2011 software was used for cost-utility analysis using RCTs literature data of basic medication(calcium and vitamin D3)and basic medication combined with alendronate sodium as baseline data. Using quality adjusted life years(QALYs)and incremental cost utility ratio(ICUR)as economics evaluation indexes,the stability of established model was investigate by single factor sensitivity analysis. RESULTS:QALYs of the basic treatment group was 0.704 years,and QALYs of drug combination group was only 0.708 years. However,ICUR of two groups reached 714252.44. For the late period of hip fracture and other fractures,drug combination group was in high cost and low benefit,obviously had no economic advan-tage. For vertebral fractures,the cumulative probability of fracture in drug combination group was significantly lower than basic treatment group,and ICUR of the two groups was only 13902.17,with economic advantage. For hip fracture,the cumulative prob-ability of fracture in basic treatment group was the same as drug combination group,and ICUR was 19109.00,with economic ad-vantage. For wrist fractures,curative effect and economy needed further study. CONCLUSIONS:For the low-risk population with osteoporotic fractures,calcium and vitamin D3 are more economical in preventing osteoporosis fractures. For the high-risk popula-tion with vertebral and hip fractures,alendronate sodium combined with basic treatment is effective and economical.

AIM To study pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease and screen ?- secretase and ?- secretase inhibiting drug, PS-1(M 146L)and APP 751 gene double stably transfected CHO cell lines have been established. METHODS A? cDNA encoding human PS-1 was obtained by polymerase chain reaction from a human placental library. Mutant PS-1 (M 146L) cDNA was also generated by polymerase chain reaction from wild type PS-1 cDNA. Wild type and mutant PS1 were subcloned into CMV-based mammalian expression vectors PCI-neo,then recombined plasmid were co-transfected into APP expressing CHO cells at 1∶10 ratio using LipofectAmine. Stable expressing cell lines were screened and selected by using selection media. RESULTS Several CHO cell lines stably transfected with wide type or mutant PS-1 (M 146L) as well as APP 751 genes were established. Overexpression of PS-1 in CHO cell accumulated full length 45 kDa PS-1 protein. A? released to conditioned media were not changed in wild type PS-1 transfected APP expression CHO cells. A? 1～42 level in conditioned media of M 146L mutant PS-1 stably transfected of APP expression CHO cells were elevated about 1.6 fold. CONCLUSION Expression of M 146L mutant PS-1 in stably transfected APP expression CHO cells increased a secretion of A? 1～42. The PS-1 and APP double stably transfected CHO cell lines we generated can be used for either ?-or ?-secretase inhibitor study and related drug screening.