A new HPLC-UV technique for the separation and analysis of 10 monosaccharides achieved within 13.5 min using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as the labelling molecule of the reductive monosaccharides has been established by combining common high performance liquid chromatography-UV and C18 column. The established technique was applied to the quantification of the monosaccharide components in extract of Silybum marianum. The results showed that the tested 10 monosaccharides as PMP derivatives were baseline separated under the HPLC conditions proposed. It was confirmed that Silybum marianum extract was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose and arabinose with the molar ratio of 0.66:0.84:0.58:1.0:1.6:0.69:2.7:4.8. Quantitative recoveries of the compositional monosaccharides separated from the extract were in the range of 92.4%-104.0%, and the RSD values fell within 0.68%-3.81%. The results demonstrated that the proposed HPLC method was simple, rapid, convenient, and precise, and it was applicable to the analysis of the compositional monosaccharides of Silybum marianum extract.

Objective To evaluate the role of three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in diagnosis of fetal heart disease and great artery abnormality.Methods 39 pregnant women undergoing fetal ultrasound scan and diagnosed with great artery abnormality were enrolled in this study.Then the image characteristics and significance of 3VT in these 39 cases were analyzed and evaluated.Results In these 39 cases proved by autopsy,persistent truncus arteriosus(7 cases),transposition of the great arteries(7 cases),coarctation of the aorta(5 cases),tetralogy of Fallot (4 cases),pulmonary stenosis (3 cases),hypoplastic left ventricle syndrome(2 cases),persistent left superior vena cava (2 cases),pulmonary valve stenosis with single ventricle(2 cases),Ebstein anomaly with pulmonary stenosis (1 case),interruption of the aortic arch( 1 case),hypoplastic right ventricle(1 case),dextroaortic arch (1 case),and ductus arteriosus stenosis( 1 case) were detected.All of them had anomalies performance on 3VT.While in the 2 cases of double outlet right ventricle,only one eoncurrenting with pulmonary artery stenosis showed reduced inner diameter of pulmonary artery on 3VT.According to the performance of 3VT in great artery abnormality,it could be divided into 4 categories:abnormal location,abnormal ratio,abnormal amount and abnormal blood direction of great artery.Conclusions 3VT is a useful supplement to the 4-chamber view,and has significant value in diagnosis of fetal heart and great arteries abnormities.

OBJECTIVEThis study investigates the circadian variation rules of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled genes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 in different stages of carcinogenesis in buccal mucosa carcinoma and their roles in the development of buccal mucosa carcinoma.

METHODSNinety Syrian golden hamsters were housed under. 12 h light/12 h dark cycles. Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) was used to establish the carcinoma model by smearing the golden hamster buccal mucosa. Before DMBA painting and after 6 and 14 weeks, the hamsters were sacrificed at six time points within a period of 24 h (i.e., 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after light onset), and the normal buccal mucosa, precancerous lesions, and cancer tissues were simultaneously obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were prepared to observe the canceration of each tissue. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53. Cosine analysis was employed to determine the circadian-rhythm variations of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA expression in terms of median, amplitude, and acrophase.

RESULTSThe expression of Per2, VEGF, P53, and c-Myc mRNA in three different stages appeared with circadian rhythms (P<0.05), whereas the Ki67 mRNA was expressed with circadian rhythm only in normal and precancerous lesion stages (P<0.05). The midline-estimating statistic of rhythms (MESORs) of Per2 and P53 mRNA were significantly down-regulated with the development of cancer (P<0.05), whereas the MESORs of VEGF, c-Myc, and Ki67 mRNA were up-regulated (P<0.05). The amplitude of P53 mRNA significantly decreased with the development of cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the normal group, the amplitudes of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, and c-Myc mRNA significantly increased in precancerous lesions and cancer tissue (P<0.05). In precancerous stage, the acrophases of Per2, VEGF, and c-Myc mRNA were earlier than that in the normal group, whereas that of Ki67 and P53 mRNA were delayed.

CONCLUSIONThe circadian-rhythm characteristics of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled gene expression of VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA have changed with the occurrence and development of carcinoma.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae ; Mesocricetus ; Mouth Mucosa ; metabolism ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Period Circadian Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objective To identify the diagnostic value of ADC combined with DWI in benign lesions and malignant lesions of testis. Methods 35 patients with testicular lesions confirmed by operation and pathological examination in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, including 18 benign lesions and 17 malignant lesions.The mean ADC values of normal tissue and parenchyma of testicular lesions were measured and statistically analyzed by K ruskal-W allis test,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was delineated. The optimum ADC value for differential diagnosis of malignant testicular lesions was analyzed and determined.Results In 33 cases of normal testicular tissue DWI showed homogeneous high signal,and mean ADC was(1.137 ± 0.119)×10-3mm2/s.18 cases of benign lesions mostly showed unrestricted diffusion,and mean ADC was(1.104 ± 0.463)×10-3mm2/s.In 17 cases of malignant lesions DWI showed high signal,and mean ADC was(0.778 ± 0.198)×10-3mm2/s.The comparison of ADC mean values between malignant testicular lesions and normal tissue as well as benign lesions of testis showed significant difference(P<0.05).The optimum ADC to distinguish malignant testicular lesions from benign testicular lesions was 0.911×10 -3mm2/s(82.4% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity). Conclusion DWI combined with ADC value is beneficial to the preoperative diagnosis and differential diagnosis between malignant testicular lesions and benign lesions of testis.

In order to meet the needs of contemporary society for medicine and cultivate high-quality compound medical talents, Chongqing Medical University has carried out the "organ system-centered" urogenital system integration curriculum reform. In the practice of integrated curriculum teaching, students have deepened their systematic understanding of medical knowledge, enhanced their enthusiasm and initiative in classroom learning, cultivated students' logical thinking ability, and improved students' innovative scientific research ability, by reorganizing the curriculum system, rewriting textbooks, improving the teaching environment, forming a teaching team, and reforming teaching methods, which laids the foundation for the further improvement of the medical curriculum.

Ethical utilitarianism is a consequence-oriented ethical theory that pursues the maximization of happiness and fully considers the long-term impact of behavior. In the ethical review of human organ donation and transplantation, this theory is mainly applied in three aspects, ethical review supervision, process and content. However, in practice, it faces challenges such as the difficulty and subjectivity of utility calculation, the balance between individual rights and social welfare, the long-term impact of decision-making, and international cooperation under a global perspective. Therefore, governance strategies such as improving ethical review policy rules, refining the ethical review system by drawing on international experience, and strengthening public education and publicity are proposed. Despite many challenges, ethical utilitarianism still provides an important theoretical framework for the ethical review of human organ donation and transplantation. Therefore, this article reviews the application of ethical utilitarianism in the ethical review of human organ donation and transplantation and its challenges, aiming to provide a reference for related research on the ethical review of human organ donation and transplantation.