Objective:To explore the status of job burnout among clinical nursing teachers in different depart-ments, in order to provide reference for the nursing education management .Methods:The questionnaire of Maslach Burnout Inventory ( MBI) of revised Chinese Version was distributed to 535 clinical nursing teachers .Results:The incidence of job burnout was 48 .3%, while the incidences with mild , moderate and severe job burnout accounted for 18 .9%, 15 .7%, 9 .3%respectively .Clinical nursing teachers in different departments have diffrences on oc-cupation actions .Clinical nursing teachers in the operation room revealed a significant greater personal accomplish -ment, but the emergency department scored lower .The teachers in emergency department scored higher on emotion-al exhaustion than those in other departments , and the teachers in oncology department is the secondary in scores of emotional exhaustion .The scores of the teachers in oncology department were the highest on depersonalization among all the departments,while the teachers in infection department is at the secondary place .Conclusion:The clinical nursing teachers'job burnout should be paid attention to .Strategies including intervention by nursing education management and teachers'learning and training should be taken to reduce the damage of physical and mental health caused by burnout and increase the clinical care and teaching quality .

Recently,commercialized infant body plethysmography has been widely used in clinic and re-search,especially with the publication of recommendation for this equipment and methodology. As the most valu-able equipment in measuring airway resistance and lung volume,infant body plethysmography can show series of valuable data on lung function,which is important in assessing pulmonary growth and development,evaluating respiratory mechanics and helping diagnose disease. However,the application of infant body plethysmography in clinic and physiology measurements is still limited by the effectivity of this equipment and appropriate reference values. This review is to introduce body plethysmography in infants,describe frequently-used data of lung func-tion,and discuss its potential clinical significance and availability of reference values.

Objective To investigate relationship between serum uric acid, blood lipids and blood pressure in obesity children.Methods 71 obese volunteers were selected as obesity group and 30 normal volunteers who matched obese volunteers in age and sex as control group from 13 702 children in Xiangtan city by sampling survey. Their body mass index(BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure(SBP,DBP),serum uric acid(UA), high-sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and blood lipids were checked respectively. Then ,the difference between the two groups was compared and the relationship of all indexes was analyzed, then the difference between the two groups was compared and the relationship of all indexes was analyzed.Results The values of serum UA,hs-CRP, triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B(apoB) in obesity group were significantly higher than those in control group (P

Objective To compared the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal and laparotomy in the treatment of early endometrial cancer.Methods CLinical data of 180 patients with endometrial cancer were analyzed retrospectively,which were randomly divided into two groups:The laparotomy group were underwent conventional abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy;Laparoscopic group were underwent laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.Operative time,blood loss,recovery time of gastrointestinal function,length of stay,the number of harvested lymph nodes,complications were compared.Results There were no significant differences in operative time,blood loss,the number of lymph nodes cleaned up between two groups(P ＞0.05).Recovery time of gastrointestinal function,and length of stay in the laparoscopic group was significantly shorter than the laparotomy group,the differences were statistically significant(t =2.898,2.564,P ＜0.05).The complication rates(11.0％ vs 19.1％) were no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).Following up for 3 months to 27 months,recurfence rates(6.6％ vs 5.6％) and survival rates(98.9％ vs 97.8 ％) were no significant difference(all P ＞ 0.05).Conciusion The clinical efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal surgical treatment for early endornetrial cancer was significantly superior to laparotomy surgery with advantage of minimally invasive,quick recovery.

BACKGROUND:Caveolin-1 is expressed in mammalian brain and involved in the normal development of the brain, which can affect the proliferation of neural stem cells in the brain. OBJECTIVE:To acquire neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout embryonic mice in vitro and study their biological characteristics. METHODS:The whole brain was separated from C57BL/6 mice and caveolin-1 knockout C57BL/6 mice respectively at encyesis 14-16 days. Single cellsuspension was obtained by enzyme digestion, and cultured in the conditioned medium of neural stem cells. Fol owing 7 days of primary culture, the cells were induced in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 containing 10%fetal bovine serum for 7 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The major cells of the cellsuspensions from the fetal mouse brain were dead at 1 day after culture, and some single cells floated in the medium and their transmittance were better, and then they gradual y formed multicellular bal s after 3 days. A smal amount of cells were adhered at the bottom of culture plate after passage, and a great amount of cellbal s appeared after 7 days. The proliferation rate of neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice was higher than that from normal mice. The cellbal s were nestin-positive and their differentiated cells was positive for neurofilament 200, glial fibril ary acidic protein or O4, respectively. Al of the cells from normal mouse brain were positive for caveolin-1, but the cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice were negative for caveolin-1 by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, the speed of cellbal formation and the number of cellbal s in neural stem cells from caveolin-1 knockout mice were better than those from normal mice. Caveolin-1 negative neural stem cells were cultured successful y from caveolin-1 knockout mouse brain, and the results show that caveolin-1 can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells and inhibit their differentiation in vitro.

Objective To explore effect of Simotang on gastrointestinal motility and expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) in the hypothalamus, spinal cord and duodenum of chronical stressed mice. Methods Mice were randomly divided into normal, stress and Simotang group( n= 10 in each group), and given a variety of unpredictable chronic mild stress. After 21 days gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion function were measured,the expression of VIP was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results Compared with mice in normal group( (49.81 ± 8.56)%; (51.02 ± 5.11 )% ), chronic stress increased gastric residual rate( (61.53 ±8.71 ) %; P ＜ 0.05 ) and reduced small intestine propulsion rate ( ( 31.79 ± 2.38 ) %; P ＜ 0. 05 ). There were differences in expressions of VIP positive cells and mRNA in duodenum( (8.8 ± 1.1 )/mm2 and(0. 58 ±0.03) ),hypothalamus ( ( 12.9 ± 1.5 )/mm2 and (0.81 ± 0. 07 ) ) and spinal cord ( ( 12.1 ± 1. 2)/mm2 and (0.76 ± 0.02) )in chronic stress group compared with normal group( (6.5 ± 0. 9)/mm2 and (0.43 ± 0. 04);( 10.8 ± 1.3 )/mm2and (0.57 ± 0.03 ); (9.3 ± 1.5 )/mm2 and (0.53 ± 0. 02 ) respectively). There was not difference in gastric residual rate (52.93 ± 9.15 )%, small intestine rate(48.98 ± 4.38 )% and expressions of VIP positive cells and mRNA in duodenum ( (6.7 ± 0.9)/mm2 and (0.48 ± 0. 05 ) ), hypothalamus ( ( 10. 6 ± 1.4 )/mm2 and ( 0. 61 ± 0. 05 ) )and spinal cord ( (9. 1 ± 1.3)/mm2 and(0.55 ± 0.05 ) ) in Simotang group compared with those in normal group (P ＞ 0.05 ), but there were decreased compared with those in chronic stress group (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Simotang can regulate expressions of VIP in duodenum, hypothalamusand spinal cord in chronically stressed mice.

OBJECTIVE:To determine vitamin E in muyan capsule.METHODS:The content of vitamin E in muyan capsule was determined by first-derivative spectrophotometry with detection wavelength at 230nm.RESULTS:The linear range of vitamin E was 14.98 ～ 24.96? g? mL-1(r=0.999 8).The average recovery of vitamin E was 100.1%(RSD=0.26%).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and applicable for the determination of vitamin in muyan capsule.

Objective To study the prevalence and morphological features of myocardial bridge(MB) on dual-source computed tomographic coronary angiography(DSCTCA),and to determine the relationship between MB and the neighboring coronary atherosclerosis.Methods Totally 835 consecutive patients with suspected coronary disease or for physical examination underwent DSCTCA for the presence of MB.The number,length,and depth of MB were observed and evaluated.All cases of MB were divided into two groups according the presence or absence of atherosclerosis in the coronary artery 2 cm neighboring to MB.The patients' age as well as the length and depth of MB were compared between two groups.Results One hundred and ninety-five MB segments were identified in 182 of 835(21.8%) patients.Of 195 segments,183 located in left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)(93.8%).The mean length of MB segments was(19.5?8.2) mm,and the mean depth(1.5?0.8) mm.No evidence of atherosclerosis was found in the mural coronary artery.In a 2-cm-long segment immediately proximal or distal to MB,atherosclerotic plaques were found in 75(38.5%),including 66 proximal segments(33.8%) and 9 distal segments(4.6%).The patients' age in the group with atherosclerosis was significantly older than that in the group without atherosclerosis(P

Objective To study the changes of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen 1 (COL1) in newborn rat's lung tissue and the expressions of 4EBP1 (eukaryotic promoter) and P7OS6K (mammalian target of rapamyein pathway downstream target protein) after rapamycin and hyperoxia intervention,and to study the influence of mammalian target of rapamyein (mTOR) pathway on hyperoxic lung injury and the possible intervention methods.Method A total of 48 21-day-old neonatal rats were assigned into 8 groups (n =6),including air control group,3 d group (3 days after hyperoxic exposure),7 d group (7 days after hyperoxic exposure),14 d group (14 days after hyperoxic exposure),air + RAPA group (air + rapamycin),3 d + RAPA group (3 days after hyperoxic exposure + rapamycin),7 d + RAPA group (7 days after hyperoxic exposure + rapamycin) and 14 d + RAPA group (14 days after hyperoxic exposure + rapamycin).In the hyperoxic group,newborn rats were exposed to 90％ oxygen for 3,7,14 days respectively.The rats in the hyperoxia + rapamycin intervention groups received intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin and inhaled high concentrations of oxygen for 3,7,14 days respectively.Air ± rapamycin group received intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin for 3 days.To study the pathological changes of lung tissures after hyperoxia and rapamycin intervention,we used ELISA to detect the changes of TGF-β,CTGF and COL1 and Western blot to detect the variations of mTORC1,P70S6K and 4EBP1 expression.Result TGF-β,CTGF,COL1 levels at 3 days,7 days and 14 days after hyperoxic exposure (TGF-[β:33.7±2.8 vs.58.6 ±3.1 vs.98.8 ±1.5 ng/mg,CTGF:50.1 ±1.8 vs.68.7 ± 2.2 vs.94.4 ±2.5 ng/mg,COL1:471.9 ±5.7 vs.529.7 ±7.0 vs.556.4 ±8.5 ng/mg) were significantly higher than the air control group (TGF-β:25.5 ± 1.9 ng/mg,CTGF:41.7 ± 1.4 ng/mg,COL1:414.4 ± 8.9 ng/mg) (P ＜ 0.01).While the levels in rapamycin intervention group were significantly lower than all the hyperoxia + rapamycin intervention groups (P ＜ 0.01).The lung tissue pathological grades in 3 d + RAPA group and 7 d + RAPAgroup were significantly lower than those in the 3 d group and 7 d group (3.5 ± 0.8 vs.6.3 ± 2.3 and 9.7 ± 2.0 vs.14.0 ± 2.4) (P ＜ 0.01).The mTORC1,P70S6K,4EBP1 expressions in 3 d + RAPA group were lower than 3 d group (mTORC1:0.26 ± 0.04 vs.0.29±0.08,P70S6K:0.29±0.01 vs.0.31 ±0.08,4EBP1:0.31 ±0.06 vs.0.33 ±0.06) (P＜0.05),while the expressions in 7 d + RAPA and 14 d + RAPA groups were significantly lower than 3 d + RAPAgroup (P ＜0.01).Conclusion mTOR signal pathway may be involved in the repairing process of hyperoxic-induced lung fibrosis.Rapamycin can reduce the levels of TGF-β,CTGF and COL1 and inhibit the expressions of mTOR pathway downstream target protein P70S6K and 4EBP1,thus reduce lung injury atearly stage.

In recent years, laser microdissection followed by mass spectrometry (LMD/MS) has been successfully applied to the proteomic studies of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) renal tissues. This new technique improves the diagnosis of kidney diseases and has a better potential for future clinical application. The review focuses on the use of this methodology for exploring the mechanisms, diagnosis and classification of kidney diseases including renal amyloidosis and membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis ; Laser Capture Microdissection ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteomics ; Tissue Fixation