Objective To evaluate the effects of remifentanil preconditioning on the renal injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-seven healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =9 each):sham operation group (Sham group),I/R group and remifentanil preconditioning group (RPC group).Limb ischemia was induced by clamping bilateral femoral arteries and veins for 2 h,followed by 24 h reperfusion in I/R and RPC groups.Remifentanil 1.0 μg· kg-1 · min-1 was infused via the caudal vein for 30 min before ischemia in RPC group,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in Sham and I/R groups.Blood sample was taken from the inferior vena cava at 24 h of reperfusion to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations in serum.The rats were sacrificed and the left kidney was removed for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents,cell apoptosis and microscopic examination of pathological changes.Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Apoptosis index and concentrations of BUN and Cr in serum,TNF-α and IL-6 contents,and apoptosis index were significantly higher,and the pathological changes were more severe in I/R and RPC groups than in Sham group.Compared with group I/R,concentrations of BUN and Cr in serum,TNF-α and IL-6 contents,and apoptosis index were significantly decreased,and the pathological changes were attenuated in RPC group.Conclusion Remifentanil preconditioning can attenuate renal injury induced by limb I/R in rats,and inhibition of inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in kidney may be involved in the mechanism.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between use of rush poppers and HIV infection, and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Changsha.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in Changsha from April to December, 2014. Men who have sex with men who came for HIV counseling and testing services were invited to fill out a survey. A total of 608 MSM were finally recruited. The survey included socio-demographic characteristics, sexual roles, sexual behaviors in last 6 months and rush poppers use, HIV infection among MSM. After finishing the questionnaire, 5 ml blood was also drawn for HIV testing. Chi-square test or Fisher probabilities was used to compare usage of rush poppers and HIV antibody positive rate among MSM who had different characteristics and sexual behaviors. Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression model was used to explore related factors about rush poppers use and HIV infection of MSM.

RESULTSAmong 608 MSM, 29.8% (181) said they ever used rush poppers, and 13.3% (81 cases) were HIV positive. Among MSM who ever used rush poppers, 18.8% (34/181) were HIV positive; While among those who never used rush poppers, 10.5% (45/427) were HIV positive (χ(2)=7.65,P=0.006). Compared with MSM who had no For One Night sex in the last 6 months,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who had 6-10 times For One Night sexes in last 6 months to use rush poppers was 4.32 (1.77-10.57). Compared with MSM who self-identified as top,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who self-identified as bottom or versatile using rush poppers were 2.99 (1.53-5.86), or 3.60 (2.13-6.09). Compared with MSM who self-identified as top, OR (95% CI) value of MSM who self-identified as bottom or versatile to infect HIV were 3.19 (1.35-7.58), or 2.33 (1.12-4.85). Compared with MSM who used condoms at every anal sex,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who used condoms sometimes or never used to infect HIV were 1.93 (1.12-3.35) or 1.87 (0.64-5.50). Compared with MSM who never used rush poppers,OR (95% CI) value of MSM who ever used rush poppers to infect HIV was 1.88 (1.12-3.16).

CONCLUSIONA large percentage of MSM population in Changsha used rush poppers, and HIV antibody positive rate among MSM was high. MSM who had more frequencies of For One Night sexes, self-identified as bottom or versatile were more likely to use rush poppers and more susceptible to HIV infection. In addition, MSM who had low frequency of condom use in the last 6 months in anal intercourse were more likely to infect HIV.

Condoms ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance-Related Disorders ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the incidence of suicide exposure and its association with suicide risk in Chinese college students, and study the modulatory effects of suicide exposure on the relations between life events and suicide risks.

METHODSA total of 8202 college students from 12 Chinese colleges and universities in mainland China completed a cross-sectional survey that included suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), suicide exposure questionnaire, social and demographic characteristics questionnaire.

RESULTSThe incidence of exposure to suicide events involving close relatives and acquaintances were 3.9% and 11.8% among sampled Chinese college students, respectively. Students exposed to suicide events involving close relatives had significantly higher total SBQ-R scores than those who did not (5.51∓2.44 vs 4.68∓2.11, P<0.01), and suicide events of acquaintances were also associated with significantly increased total SBQ-R scores (5.51∓2.44 vs 4.68∓2.11, P<0.01); these suicides events all contributed to significantly increased rates of suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts in the college students (P<0.05). The life events showed a significant positive correlation with suicide risks (0.11≤r≤0.26, P<0.01). The interactions of exposure to suicide events involving close relatives and acquaintances and the interactions of life events and suicide of close relatives for suicide risk were not significant (P>0.05), but exposure to acquaintance suicide events moderated the effects of life events on suicide risk (P<0.01), and the college students with a high level of life events and history of acquaintance suicide had the highest risk for suicide.

CONCLUSIONIn Chinese college students, the risk of suicide is closely associated with exposure to suicide events and life events, and exposure to suicide events involving acquaintances can modulate the effects of life events on suicide risk.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Students ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To examine the structural differences in regional gray matter density between a sample of major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls, using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to find the base of pathophysiologic mechanism in depression development. METHODS: A total of 38 MDD patients and 42 healthy subjects enrolled in the MRI scans. Voxel-based morphometry was used to test the difference in gray matter between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The MDD group showed significantly lower gray density than the healthy control group in the right middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. However, the healthy control group showed significantly lower gray density than the MDD group in the right precuneus, left anterior central gyrus and right anterior cingutate. CONCLUSION Structural brain abnormalities in MDD patients may be the pathological bases for MDD development.
Adult ; Brain ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; pathology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; pathology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) confront multiple difficulties during the disease adaptation process. Based on the comprehensive task-based adaptation model, this study aims to explore the process and experience of adapting to living with HIV among HIV/AIDS patients and to provide evidence for promoting the adaptation of this population. METHODS: With the design of the phenomenon study, we purposefully recruited 43 HIV/AIDS patients and conducted semi-structural interviews. The qualitative data was analyzed by Van Manen method. RESULTS: There were 1 307 significant quotes and 6 themes with 14 sub-themes. "The shadow comes along with the sunshine" was proposed to describe the process of adapting to life with HIV. Another 5 themes emerged to represent the tasks as follows: the direction of the mental anchor, the management of physical tasks, social network and support, the occupational dilemma and benefits, and the consideration of the future. CONCLUSIONS The adapting process possesses both common and personalized characteristics. Future intervention development should address the integrality and interaction of the adaptation tasks, contributing to the positive adaptation outcomes of HIV/AIDS patients.
Humans ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV ; Patients ; Physical Examination

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of Solitaire stent arterial embolectomy in the treatment of acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism.Methods The data of 24 patients who underwent Solitaire stent arterial embolectomy,either alone or in combination with reorganization type tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis,to treat acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism in our hospital were collected.These results between October 2012 and March 2016 were compared with 21 control patients who were treated using only rtPA Ⅳ thrombolysis.The short-term efficacy,long-term clinical outcomes,complications,and mortality rate of these two groups were compared,and the clinical outcomes of these patients with posterior circulation infarction in the two groups were further assessed.Results The time between onset and rt-PA administration in the study group (median time:3.17 h) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (4.00 h,P＜0.05);rt-PA dose used in both two groups was 50 mg.NIHSS scores and Glasgow Coma scale scores at discharge,and modified Rankin scale (mRs) scores 3 and 6 months after treatment in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in symptomatic intra-cerebral hemorrhage,high perfusion encephalopathy,incidence of hernia,or mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05).The mRS scores 3 months after treatment in patients with posterior circulation infarction (2) were significantly lower than those in the control group (3,P＜0.05).Conclusions As compared with simple venous thrombolytic therapy,Solitaire stent embolectomy can significantly improve short-term neurological function and long-term prognosis in patients with acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism,enhance their life quality,without increasing the complication incidence and mortality rate.It is safe and effective,and patients with posterior circulation infarction can also be treated by arterial embolectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Long-term elevated blood pressure may lead to kidney damage, yet the pathogenesis of hypertensive kidney damage is still unclear. This study aims to explore the role and significance of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-1) in hypertensive renal damage through detecting the levels of LRG-1 in the serum and kidney of mice with hypertensive renal damage and its relationship with related indexes. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were used in this study and randomly divided into a control group, an angiotensin II (Ang II) group, and an Ang II+irbesartan group. The control group was gavaged with physiological saline. The Ang II group was pumped subcutaneously at a rate of 1.5 mg/(kg·d) for 28 days to establish the hypertensive renal damage model in mice, and then gavaged with equivalent physiological saline. The Ang II+irbesartan group used the same method to establish the hypertensive renal damage model, and then was gavaged with irbesartan. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of LRG-1 and fibrosis-related indicators (collagen I and fibronectin) in renal tissues. ELISA was used to evaluate the level of serum LRG-1 and inflammatory cytokines in mice. The urinary protein-creatinine ratio and renal function were determined, and correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the levels of serum LRG-1, the expression of LRG-1 protein, collagen I, and fibronectin in kidney in the Ang II group were increased (all P<0.01). After treating with irbesartan, renal damage of hypertensive mice was alleviated, while the levels of LRG-1 in serum and kidney were decreased, and the expression of collagen I and fibronectin was down-regulated (all P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the level of serum LRG-1 was positively correlated with urinary protein-creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine level in hypertensive kidney damage mice. Serum level of LRG-1 was also positively correlated with serum inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive renal damage mice display elevated expression of LRG-1 in serum and kidney, and irbesartan can reduce the expression of LRG-1 while alleviating renal damage. The level of serum LRG-1 is positively correlated with the degree of hypertensive renal damage, suggesting that it may participate in the occurrence and development of hypertensive renal damage.
Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Fibronectins ; Irbesartan ; Creatinine ; Kidney/physiology* ; Hypertension/complications* ; Angiotensin II ; Collagen Type I

Background Gastric carcinogenesis is a multifactorial and complex process, in which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles as oncogenes or antioncogenes. Research has found that the expression of lncRNA LINC02859 is down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and TNM stage, and also plays an important role in the development of malignant transformation of cells induced by environmental carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Objective To explore the role and potential regulatory mechanism of gastric cancer-associated lncRNA LINC02859 in MNNG-induced malignant transformation of human normal gastric mucosal cells (GES-1). Methods A total of 110 gastric cancer patients from a high incidence area of gastric cancer in Gansu Province were selected, and their cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa tissues adjacent to the cancer were collected to detect the expression level of LINC02859 by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the tissues were used to identify the potential signaling pathways regulated by the genes co-expressed with LINC02859. GES-1 cells at 70%-80% cell fusion with low cell passage number and normal morphology were incubated with 0, 0.25 and 0.5 μmol·L⁻¹ MNNG solution for 48 h and the LINC02859 expression level was detected. Cell proliferation activity was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation was detected by plate clone formation assay, and cell migration ability was detected by scratch assay to evaluate the effects of MNNG on cell morphology and function. The expression levels of key proteins of Wnt signaling pathway were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results The RT-qPCR results showed that LINC02859 was lowly expressed in the gastric cancer tissues compared with the paracancerous tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The pathway enrichment analysis showed that LINC02859 potentially regulated the Wnt pathway. The in vitro malignant transformation assay suggested that after the MNNG exposure, the malignant cells of passage 5 (MC-5) had altered morphology, increased number of colony formation, and higher proliferation and migration ability than the control cells; compared with the normal GES-1 cells, LINC02859 gene expression levels were reduced in the 0.25 μmol·L⁻¹ and the 0.5 μmol·L⁻¹ MNNG-exposed GES-1 cells; the expression levels of key proteins of the Wnt pathway, transcription factor 7 (TCF7), Axis inhibitor (Axin1), phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β), casein kinase 1 (CK1), and β-catenin, were elevated in the cells after 0.5 μmol·L⁻¹ MNNG exposure (P < 0.05); whereas, overexpression of LINC02859 suppressed the activating effect of MNNG on the Wnt pathway. Conclusion LINC02859 is lowly expressed in the cancer tissues of gastric cancer patients. MNNG exposure induces morphological and functional changes in GES-1 cells, down-regulated expression of LINC02859, and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway; overexpression of LINC02859 inhibits the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG exposure.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common syndrome associated with considerable mortality and healthcare costs. Up to now, the underlying pathogenesis of ischemic AKI remains incompletely understood, and specific strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of ischemic AKI are still lacking. Here, this study aimed to define the transcriptomic landscape of AKI patients through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis in kidneys. METHODS: In this study, scRNA-seq technology was applied to kidneys from two ischemic AKI patients, and three human public scRNA-seq datasets were collected as controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and cell clusters of kidneys were determined. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, as well as the ligand-receptor interaction between cells, were performed. We also validated several DEGs expression in kidneys from human ischemic AKI and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced AKI mice through immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: 15 distinct cell clusters were determined in kidney from subjects of ischemic AKI and control. The injured proximal tubules (PT) displayed a proapoptotic and proinflammatory phenotype. PT cells of ischemic AKI had up-regulation of novel pro-apoptotic genes including USP47 , RASSF4 , EBAG9 , IER3 , SASH1 , SEPTIN7 , and NUB1 , which have not been reported in ischemic AKI previously. Several hub genes were validated in kidneys from human AKI and renal I/R injury mice, respectively. Furthermore, PT highly expressed DEGs enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling. DEGs overexpressed in other tubular cells were primarily enriched in nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling, estrogen signaling, interleukin (IL)-12 signaling, and IL-17 signaling. Overexpressed genes in kidney-resident immune cells including macrophages, natural killer T (NKT) cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells were associated with leukocyte activation, chemotaxis, cell adhesion, and complement activation. In addition, the ligand-receptor interactions analysis revealed prominent communications between macrophages and monocytes with other cells in the process of ischemic AKI. CONCLUSION Together, this study reveals distinct cell-specific transcriptomic atlas of kidney in ischemic AKI patients, altered signaling pathways, and potential cell-cell crosstalk in the development of AKI. These data reveal new insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies in ischemic AKI.
Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Transcriptome/genetics* ; Ligands ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism* ; Ischemia/metabolism* ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism* ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism* ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism*