Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic features of normal rectal walls.Methods Ten removed rectal specimens were scanned with high frequency (4-13 MHz) linear array probe to obtain ultrasound images of various layers and having each layer marked,and separated,followed by histological examination respectively.Results Ultrasound demonstrated seven layers of structure which were identified by alternative high and low echoes.From innermost layer towards the outer layers,they were divided as:high-echo acoustic interface,low-echo mucous layer,high-echo sub-mucous layer,low-echo circular muscle layer,high-echo fibrous connective tissue layer,low-echo outer longitudinal muscle layer and high-echo outer membrane layer.All these findings were justified by histological examination.Conclusions High-frequency ultrasound demonstrated 7 layers of echoes in normal rectal walls.This provides imaging basis for diagnosis and judge the invasion degree of rectal cancers.

Objective To evaluate Jiangxia umbilical therapy on the quality of life in patients with gastric carcinoma chemotherapy after surgery.Methods Patients with gastric carcinoma chemotherapy after surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2016 to December 2016 were chosen as the research subjects.According to the time of chemotherapy,the patients were divided into two groups.Patients with gastric carcinoma chemotherapy in hospital from January 2016 to June 2016 were chosen as control group,while patients in hospital from July 2016 to December 2016 were chosen as observation group.Before chemotherapy,the control group was given tropisetron hydrochloride intravenous injection,while the observation group added Jiangxia umbilical on the basis of this.Nausea and vomiting in the two groups were observed after treatment.Quality of Life Questionnaire of Stomach 22 was applied to analyze and compare the patients' quality of life.Results The incidence rate of anti nausea in the observation group was 88.10％,which in the control group was 61.90％,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.571,P ＜ 0.05).The overall quality of life in observation group was significantly better than that in the control group [(20.34 ±:5.84) points vs.(14.32 ± 5.97) points,t =8.686,P ＜ 0.01].The scores in the observation group on the quality of life in the aspects of total score,anxiety scale,reflux scale,eating restricted scale,dry mouth,tastes changing had statistically significant differences compared with the indicators in the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Jiangxia umbilical therapy can not only relieve the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting of patients with gastric carcinoma chemotherapy after surgery,but also can improve their quality of life.

Clinical research is to provide guidelines for the clinical practice.First clinical re search should follow the ethics,and the researcher should have correct scientific attitude.Furthermore clinical research should be closely integrated with clinical practice and innovated with its feasibility taken into account.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the hypoglycemic effects of Huangsang oral solution.METHODS:Diabetes models of mice was induced with alloxan then the mice were randomly divided into the NS group,model control group,phenformin group,and high dose,middle dose and low dose Huangsang oral solution groups(30.0 g?kg-1,15.0 g?kg-1 and 8.0 g?kg-1).The corresponding drugs were given by ig bid for 10 days.Blood glucose was measured with glucose oxidas method.The effects of Huangsang oral solution on blood glucose concentration and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice as well as on blood glucose concentration in the normal mice were observed.RESULTS:The different dose of Huangsang oral solution could decrease the blood glucose level significantly and improve glucose tolerance in alloxan-induced diabetes mice,and the effect was significant compared with the model control group(P

0.05).But in the group EDN and CDN,Lp(a) was significantly higher as compared with the former two groups (P

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of P12,a kind of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-binding protein(LBP) inhibitory peptide,on the binding of LPS to macrophage in vitro.METHODS:Human monocyte-like cell line(U937 cells) was grown in RPMI-1640 and stimulated with PMA in order to induce their differentiation to macrophage stage.The relative affinity of P12 to LPS was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The effects of P12 on the binding of LPS to U937 cells were determined by flow cytometry analysis.The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?) was measured by ELISA.RESULTS:The relative binding activity of P12 to LPS was higher than that of LBP in the same mass concentration.P12 inhibited the binding of FITC-conjugated LPS(FITC-LPS) to U937 cells.The productions of TNF-? was also significantly suppressed by P12.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that blockage of LBP at the inflammatory sites might attenuate LPS-induced circulatory shock.

Objective To study the influence of the modification of the special neutralizing epitopes of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) on its assembly of functional pseudovirus and neutralizing activity. Methods Site-directed mutations were performed using cycling mutagenesis and selection of mutants with Dpn I . With this method, the 2G12 and 2F5 neutralizing epitopes were integrated into Env of subtype BC which was without the two epitopes, then the capability of forming pseudovirus and the neutralizing activity against 2G12 and 2F5 were compared with pre-modified Env. Results The special Env neutralizing epitopes of five HIV pseudovirus (BC02, BC03, BC04, BC05 and BC12) were modified. Among the five pseudovirus, BC04 and BC12 pseudovirus can't be formed after the 2G12 epitope was modified, whilst the BC02, BC03 and BC05 pseudovirus can be formed after the 2G12 and 2F5 epitopes were added, and there was no variation of the pseudovirus titer; On the aspect of neutralizing activity, BG03 pseudovirus against 2G12 and 2F5 was enhanced, BC02 and BC05 pseudovirus against 2F5 was enhanced while which against 2G12 was not changed. Conclusion The modification of 2G12 epitope influences the forming of pseudovirus and the addition of neutralizing epitopes can enhance the neutralizing activity of pseudovirus, which offers new approach for the optimization of HIV immunogen.

The serum samples and corresponding cervical swabs were collected fi'om 50 women with genital warts from Tianjin city,China.The neutralizing antibodies against HPV-16,-18,-58,-45,-6 and-11 in serum samples were tested by using pseudovirus-based neutralization assays and HPV DNAs in cervical swabs were also tested by using a typing kit that can detect 21 types of HPV.The results revealed that 36%(18/50)of sera were positive for type-specific neutralizing antibodies with a titer range of 160-2560,of which 22%(11/50),12%(6/50),10%(5/50),4%(2/50),4%(2/50)and 2%(1/50)were against HPVs-6,-16,-18,-58,.45 and-11,respectively.Additionally,60%(30/50)of samples were HPV DNA-positive,in which the most common types detected were HPV-68(18%),HPV-16(14%),HPV-58(12%),HPV-33(8%)and HPV-6,HPV-11,HPV-18 and HPV-52(6% each).The concordance between HPV DNA and corresponding neutralizing antibodies was 56%(28/50)with a significant difference(P＜0.05).The full-length sequences of five HPV types(HPV-42,-52,-53,-58 and-68)were determined and exhibited 98%-100% identities with their reported genomes.The present data may have utility for investigating the natural history of HPV infection and promote the development of HPV vaccines.

Jaundice is frequent clinic symptoms with high incidence especially among the critical patients. The sepsis complicated with jaundice has drawn more and more consideration. However, the pathogenesis about sepsis complicated with jaundice is not confirmed and it is sometimes identified incorrectly as cholestatic jaundice. This article summarises the pathogenesis and elucidate the management about sepsis complicated with jaundice.

Abstract] Objective To establish an assay for the detection of porcine parvovirus ( PPV) and to verify its application for monitoring cells used for production.Methods A pair of primers and one probe were designed according to the conserved sequence encoding non-structural protein 1 (NS1).Based on the designed primers, a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay for the detection of PPV was developed. Several parameters including the linearity, precision, minimum detection limit and anti-interference of the established assay were evaluated.A stock of PPV strains was prepared by infecting swine testicle ( ST) cells with PPV strains.An assay for the detection of PPV infection was developed by using ST cells as sensitive cells.A combined ST cell infection-PCR test was developed by combining the ST cell infection assay with the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay.The sensitivity of ST cell infection-PCR test was analyzed.The cell samples used for production of biological products were detected by using the established assay.Results The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was specific for the detection of PPV without cross-reaction to other species of parvovirus virus, SV40 virus and other porcine viruses.The linear range of the assay was 1×109-1×104 copies/μl with a R2 value more than 0.98.The sensitivity of the real-time quantitative PCR assay was 1×104 copies/μl.Both of the intra-and inter-coefficient of variation (CV) were less than 5%in Ct values.The intra-and inter-CV in copies of detection were 5%-15% and 30%-40% respectively.The minimum detection limit of the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was 1CCID50/ml.The PPV strains were detected in cell samples with no interference.The sensitivity of ST cells infection-PCR test was 0.01CCID50/ml.All of the 22 cell samples were negative for PPV by using the real-time fluorescent quanti-tative PCR assay.Conclusion The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the ST cell infection-PCR test for the detection of PPV in cells were established successfully.The application of the two assays was conducive to further enhance the safety of using cells for production and therapy.