Aged ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pectoralis Muscles ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using problem-based learning in nursing clinical teaching in the obstetrics and gynecology department.Methods Sixty-six nursing students were randomly divided into PBL group and lecture-based learning(LBL)group .At the end of their internship,the two groups were compared in terms of examination performance,learning attitude and aptitude,and their feedback on the two learning modes.Results The students in the PBL group were significantly better than those in the control group in terms of examination performance,learning attitude and aptitude,and their feedback on the learning mode(P<0.001).Conclusions PBL may be effective in the improvement of their attitude to learning and aptitude,the comprehensive ability.It can provide an environment to promote internal learning motivation for students.

Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of pseudothrombophlebitis.Methods The ultrasound characteristics of thirty-two popliteal cyst cases with pseudothrombophlebitis which were confirmed by MRI or puncture were retrospectively analyzed.The former group was matched with a case control group of sixty-four patients with asymptomatic popliteal cysts,the ultrasound images were comparative analysis between the two groups.Results Compared to the control group,both the length and width of the case group were larger [(12.4 ± 4.7) ×(2.5±0.4)cm vs (5.3±2.9) × (1.2±0.4)cm,P ＜ 0.001],and there were 18(43.8％) cases with the cysts extension into the calf.The case group were more prone to show cyst with poor ultrasound penetration or solid-cystic echo (78.1％ vs 9.4％,P =0.000),which were diagnosed as popliteal cyst with hematoma or infection.Six cases of case group showed irregular anechoic area surrounding the inferior border of the cysts,which were diagnosed as ruptured popliteal cyst,no similar imaging detected in the control group(P =0.001).Both the two group showed septation in the cyst,but it did not differ significantly(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Ultrasonography is helpful to the diagnosis of pseudothrombophlebitis,the ultrasound characteristics include large cyst extension into the calf,cyst with poor ultrasound penetration or solid-cystic echo and irregular anechoic area surrounding the inferior border of the cysts.

Objective To explore the effect of posterior internal fixation surgery with pedicle screw/rod instrument system in the treatment of thoracic vertebrae fracture-dislocation complicated with a severe thoracic injury. Methods In the 8 cases examined, the range of injury was from T5 to T9, including 1 case of compression fracture-dislocation and 7 cases of burst fracture-dislocation according to Hanley and Eskey’ s classification. According to Frankle’ s classification, 4 were grade A, 3 were grade B, 1 was grade C. All cases were complicated with multiple fractures of bilateral ribs, pulmonary contusion and haemothorax. After the pathogenic condition being stable, reduction and internal fixation were performed with the posterior surgery pedicle screw/rod instrument system. In 5 cases, spinal canal anterolateral decompression was performed homeochronously. The intervals between accidents and operation were 3 to 9 days. Results Operations were performed safely in all patients. The reposition of the alignment and height of vertebraes was good. Postoperative CT scanning showed: in 2 cases, bone block occupied about 10% volume of vertebral canal, and 1 was 50%. The follow-up were 4～36 months, averaging 15 months. No postreduction disposition, internal fixation loosening or breakage occurred. The Frankel’ s classification of neurological function was improved by 1 grade on average. Conclusions After a positive treatment of thoracic injury, it is safe and feasible to treat the fresh thoracic vertebrae fracture-dislocation with the posterior surgery pedicle screw/rod instrument system, and the curative effects are satisfied.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that differentiate into a variety of cell types and widely used in tissue regeneration engineering. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the cyclic biaxial stretching strain could promote the rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. The second or third generation of rBMSCs were randomly divided into the cyclic stretching stain group, the control group and the blank group. Those rBMSCs in the cyclic stretching strain group were seeded on a silicone membrane with complete medium were exposed to biaxial stretching strain of 10% of membrane at a frequency of 1 Hz lasting for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. Those in the control group were seeded on silicone membrane with complete medium. Those in the blank group were seeded in the 6-wells plates with complete medium. The mRNA expression of GATA4 and myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF-2C) were detected by the real-time fluorescent quantification PCR and the protein expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) was detected by using the Western blot method. The results showed that the mRNA expression level of the GATA4 and MEF-2C, and the protein expression level of Cx43 were significantly higher in the cyclic stretching strain groups, compared with those in the relative control groups (P < 0.05). It suggests that cyclic biaxial stretching strain could play a part in the induction of rBMSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro, but the differentiation mechanism is still unclear.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective To study the effects of emergency operation with 2~5 cm incision to treat fresh closed heel tendon disjunction.Method 23 cases of fresh closed heel tendon disjunction were operated in post-injury 3~12 hours and the incisions were 2~5 cm long. Results None of these cases was complicated with wound infection or cutaneous necrosis.The follow-up was from 6 months to 6 years,averaging 2.2 years;in which,according to the Arner-Lindholm standards,20 were excellent,3 were good.Conclusion A satisfactory effect can be obtained through the smaller incision to treat the fresh closed heel tendon disjunction.

A method for the suppression of geomagnetic field interference is here-in introduced. It is designed for use in the magnet locating system of the engineering-based microcapsule inside the alimentary tract. This method marks the geomagnetic field interference levels by getting the static value. Then subtracting the static value from the dynamic value. The results of the experiment show that the method can assess the geomagnetic fi eld interference levels around thelocating waistcoat accurately. And the three-dimensional tracking trajectory shows that the method has greatly improved the accuracy of the capsule location inside the alimentary tract.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; Capsule Endoscopy ; economics ; methods ; Computer Simulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Equipment Design ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Phantoms, Imaging

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for repairing damaged heart tissue are a new kind of important treatment options because of their potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. We in this experiment investigated the effect of different electrical stimulation time on the expression of myocardial specificity gene and protein in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. The rBMSCs of second or third generation were randomly divided into three groups, i.e, electrical stimulation (ES) group, 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) group and the control group. The rBMSCs in the ES groups with complete medium were exposed to 2 V, 2 Hz, 5 ms electrical stimulation for 0. 5 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h respectively every day for 10 days. Those in the 5-Aza group were induced by 5-Aza (10 μmol/L) for 24 h, and then cultured with complete medium for 10 days. Those in the control group were only cultured with complete medium, without any treatment, for 10 days. The rBMSCs' morphological feature in each group was observed with inverted phase microscope. The mRNA expression of myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF-2C) and connexin 43 (Cx43) were examined with Real-Time quantitative PCR and the protein expression of MEF-2C, Cx43 were detected with Western Blot method. The results showed that the mRNA expression level of the MEF-2C, Cx43 and the protein expression level of MEF-2C, Cx43 were significantly higher in the ES group and 5-Aza group than those in the relative control group (P < 0.05). It suggests that electrical stimulation could play a part of role in the induction of the rBMSCs to differentiate into the cariomyocyte-like cells in vitro and the effectiveness of the electrical stimulation with 2 h/d had the best in our experiment. But the mechanism how electrical stimulation promotes the differentiation of rBMSC into cardiomyocyte is still unclear.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on the induction of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes-like cells in vitro. rBMSCs were randomly divided into PEMFs groups, 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) groups and control groups. PEMFs groups were exposed to 50 Hz, 1 mT PEMFs for 30 min every day, lasting for 10 d, 15 d and 20 d, respectively. 5-Aza groups were induced by 10 micromol/L 5-Aza for 1 day, then the medium was changed to complete medium without 5-Aza. And control groups were only cultured with complete medium, rBMSCs growth status and morphological features were observed by inverted phase microscope every day. The mRNA expressions of cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) and alpha-actinin (ACTN2) were determined by Real-Time PCR. The results showed that rBMSCs were spindle, polygon or fusiform in control groups. The cells gradually got longer and grew close together after being stimulated by PEMFs and 5-Aza, and with the extension of induction time, the tendency became obvious. At 20th day after PEMFs or 5-Aza treatment, rBMSCs gathered like a long chain, got much longer obviously at the high magnification, and some of them even fused with their neighbors. Compared with control groups, the levels of TNNT2 mRNA expression in 5-Aza groups were 19.40 fold (P < 0.01), 21.02 fold (P < 0.01) and 2.38 fold at 10 d, 15 d, 20 d and the levels of ACTN2 mRNA expression in 5-Aza groups were 6.64 fold (P < 0.01), 6.67 fold (P < 0.01) and 0.76 fold at 10 d, 15 d, 20 d. However, the levels of TNNT2 mRNA expression in PEMFs groups were 15.78 fold (P < 0.01), 6.73 fold (P < 0.05) and 2.73 fold (P < 0.01) of control groups at 10 d, 15 d, 20 d and the levels of ACTN2 mRNA expression in PEMFs groups were 4.93 fold (P < 0.01), 1.89 fold and 0.64 fold, respectively. Compared with 5-Aza groups, the levels of TNNT2 mRNA expression in PEMFs groups were 0.81 fold, 0.32 fold (P < 0.01) and 1.15 fold at 10 d, 15 d, 20 d and the levels of ACTN2 mRNA expression in PEMFs groups were 0.74 fold, 0.28 fold (P < 0.01) and 0.83 fold at 10 d, 15 d, 20 d. PEMFs could contribute to the induction of rat marrow rBMSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes-like cells in vitro, and the best exposure time might be 10 days, but further investigation is still needed.
Actinin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; radiation effects ; Cell Differentiation ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; radiation effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; radiation effects ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study was aimed at observing the effects of ovariectomy and estradiol on the microarchitecture of cancellous bone and exploring the influence of microarchitectural change on the biomechanical properties. Thirty 6-month-old unmated female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 rat each): sham-operated control group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX)and Estradiol Benzoate treated group (EBT). All rats were housed in standard environmental conditions. Five months after operation, the rats were sacrificed. The biomechanical properties of the third lumbar vertebras (L3) were measured with compression testing in vitro. Micro-CT scanning was performed on the fourth lumbar vertebras (L4) in vitro. In comparison with the corresponding variables of Sham, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the trabecular number (Tb. N) of OVX were reduced remarkably, and the trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) and the structural model index (SMI) of OVX were enhanced obviously. These facts implicated that the bone trabecular plate-like structure of OVX were decreased. BV/TV, Tb. N and the trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) of EBT were greater than those of OVX. Tb. Sp and SMI of EBT were much smaller than those of OVX. The results of mechanical test showed that the maximum forioe (Fmax), the maximum stress (sigmamax) and the elastic modeulus (E) of the lumbar vertebral cancellous bone of OVX were declined sharply, while the aforesaid biomechanical index of EBT was improved distinctly. The performance of three-dimensional micro-CT and the mechanical testing to assess microarchitecture of cancellous bone are useful for evaluating the state of osteoporosis and the antiosteoporotic effect of agents.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Osteoporosis ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed