The content of bicarbonate ( HCO-3 ) and carbonate ( CO2-3 ) ions in groundwater and lake water reflects a broad set of carbon cycling reactions associated with decomposition or synthesis of organic compounds with mineral dissolution or precipitation, which indicates the local geochemical environment. However, the content of HCO-3 and CO2-3 changes easily under the influence of pH, temperature, atmosphere pressure in the process of sampling, transportation and storage, so it has been a worldwide problem to determine the real content of HCO-3 and CO2-3 ions in groundwater and lake water. This article proposed a new way to solve the problem by fast field detection of HCO-3 and CO2-3 ions through the use of pH electrode combined with carbon dioxide electrode. Studies showed in the base solution of pH=4. 8 ± 0. 1, the detection range of HCO-3 ion was 0. 027-570 mg/L and that of CO2-3 was 1. 25 ×10-8-39. 7 mg/L. In the most case, the coexisting ions and weak acid ( K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO2-4 <100 mg/L;HSO-3 , NO-2 , HOAc<50 mg/L) did not interfere with the analysis. The method was validated for real water samples and the recoveries were in the range of 95. 2%-99. 2% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2. 6%-3. 7%. Compared with the acid-base titration method, the accuracy of this method had proved to be good. However, the method could be affected by temperature, so the standard solution and samples should be measured at the same temperature. Above all, this method is suitable for fast field analysis for HCO-3 and CO2-3 ions in the nature water as it is sensitive, fast, economical, and the electrodes are easy to carry and operate. It has been successfully applied in the determination of HCO-3 and CO2-3 in groundwater and lake water in Qinghai Province. Experiment showed that the pH of the groundwater samples from Haidong district was 6 . 4-7 . 4 , with 234-4096 mg/L HCO-3 and 0. 16-1. 89 mg/L CO2-3 . The pH of the lake water samples was about 8. 7, with 1. 36-1. 86 g/L HCO-3 and 32. 3-43. 9 mg/L CO2-3 , which was consistent with the previous results.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of Her-2 gene and the transfer number of axillary lymph node and its influence on prognosis.Methods A total of 351 cases with primary breast cancer from January 2008 to January 2011 were selected.The expression of Her-2 gene was detected by immunohistochemical method,and analyzed the relationship between it and the transfer number of axillary lymph node and its influence on prognosis.Results The expression of Her-2-,+,++ had no correlation with the transfer number of axillary lymph node (x2 =3.757,1.650,2.379,P ＞ 0.05),while the expression of Her-2 +++ had correlation with the transfer number of axillary lymph node (x2 =8.681,P ＜ 0.05).The 2 years survival rates in the expression of Her-2-,+,++,+++ were 77.01％ (201/261),85.00％ (34/40),29.17％(7/24),1 1.54％ (3/26),and which in the expression of Her-2--+ was significantly higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++ (x2 =61.605,P ＜ 0.01).The transfer number of axillary lymph node was 0 and 1-3,the 2 years survival rate in the expression of Her-2--+ was significantly higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++,and there was significant difference (x2 =61.605,14.747,P ＜ 0.05).The transfer number of axillary lymph node was 4-9 and ≥ 10,there was no significant difference in the 2 years survival rate between the expression of Her-2--+ and Her-2 ++-+++ (x2 =3.691,3.482,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of Her-2-,+,++ has no correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis,and the 2 years survival rate in the expression of Her-2--+ is higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++,while Her-2-has no difference with Her-2 + in prognosis.While the transfer number of axillary lymph node ≤ 3,the expression of Her-2 gene may be an important prognostic factor.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that cytokine inhibitor pirfenidone can inhibit biological activity of fibroblasts by regulating a variety of cytokines. It has made good progress in the research and application of anti-fibrosis of internal organs, but the effect and mechanism for hypertrophic scars and skin fibroblasts are unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of pirfenidone on human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. METHODS:Human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts were cultured using tissue culture method. Passages 3-6 cel s grew wel in the logarithmic growth phase were col ected. Cel s were divided into the control group (0 g/L pirfenidone), 0.15, 0.3 and 1 g/L pirfenidone groups according to different mass concentrations. Cel s were intervened for 12, 36 and 48 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MTT, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results demonstrated that compared with the control group, cel proliferation, transforming growth factorβ1 mRNA expression, types I and III col agen secretion were decreased in the 0.15, 0.3 and 1 g/L pirfenidone groups (P<0.05), and the decrease was most significant in the 1 g/L pirfenidone group (P<0.05). At 24, 48 and 72 hours after intervention, significant differences in inhibitory rate of cel proliferation and the secretion of types I and III col agen were detected among 0.15, 0.3 and 1 g/L pirfenidone groups (P<0.05). Results confirmed that pirfenidone apparently inhibited the secretion of col agen of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts cultured in vitro, transforming growth factorβ1 expression and cel proliferation and viability.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mevastatin (Mev) on the expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) mRNA and differentiation of Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) derived orbital preadipocytes in vitro. METHODS: Orbital adipose tissues were obtained from TAO patients undergoing orbital decompression surgery. The orbital preadipocytes cultured from the orbital adipose tissues were divided into Group A (a control group) and Group B (an intervention group). Group B was subdivided into Group B1-B5, all groups were stimulated to differentiate into mature adipocytes with cocktail differentiation medium.The entire course of differentiation was 10 d. The differentiation of orbital preadipocytes in Group A was induced with routine inducer,while at in Group B1,B2, and B3 was interfered with 5 micromol/L (B1), 10 micromol/L(B2),20 micromol/L (B3) mevastatin respectively during the whole process of differentiation. The differentiation of orbital preadipocytes in Group B4 and B5 was interfered with 10 micromol/L mevastatin day 4 (B4) or day 8 (B5) of the differentiation process until the entire course was over. Intracellular fat accumulation in differentiated adipocytes was determined by oil red O staining. The value of optical absorption was measured at 492 nm with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The light absorption value (A) and PPAR-gamma mRNA expression of differentiated cells in Group A,B1,B2,and B3 decreased successively,and there was significant difference in any of the 2 groups among Group A, B1 and B2, and B3 (P<0.05). The value A and PPAR-gamma mRNA expression of differentiated cells in Group A, B4, and B2 decreased successively, and the difference in any of the 2 groups among these 3 groups was significant. However, there were no significant difference between Group A and B5. CONCLUSION Mevastatin inhibits the differentiation of TAO derived orbital preadipocytes by blocking PPAR-gamma mRNA expression. The degree of inhibition is not only concentration-dependent but also associated with the stage of differentiation. The earlier the differentiation, the stronger the inhibition.
Adipocytes ; pathology ; Adipose Tissue ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Depression, Chemical ; Graves Ophthalmopathy ; pathology ; Humans ; Lovastatin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Orbit ; PPAR gamma ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

The classical cable function has been used to represent the response of peripheral nerves stimulated by external parallel electric field. Experiments show that peripheral nerves can be activated by perpendicular electric field induced by magnetic pulses, indicating that the activation mechanism needs to be thoroughly investigated. Several excitation properties of peripheral nerves in transverse-field were explored in the present paper. With a human's median nerve in vivo, stimulation threshold, excitation position and the relation between excitation threshold and fiber's radius were studied. The relation between stimulation threshold and stimulation duration was researched with sciatic nerves from toad in vitro. The experimental results verify that the modified cable function is much efficient than the classical cable function. The research will improve the nerve magnetic stimulating technique and be beneficial to further application.
Animals ; Bufo bufo ; Electric Stimulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Median Nerve ; physiology ; Peripheral Nerves ; physiology ; Sciatic Nerve ; physiology

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the method and opportunity of operation for orbito-cranial fibrous dysplasia, and further to summarize our experience in repairing the bony defect with titanium after excision and assess the surgical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 21 patients with visual function damage and/ or orbital malformation, who treated surgically. All patients were underwent CT examinations (coronal, horizontal, sagittal and three-dimensional scans) before surgery. CT image data of patients with serious orbital skull lesions were analyzed by computer to produce the three-dimensional, solid titanium mesh prostheses used to repair the lesions; for smaller lesions solid titanium mesh prostheses were shaped artificially during surgery according to the normal orbit and the cranium. All the patients were treated surgically via craniofacial approach. After removing the diseased tissue, the defective area was repaired by titanium plate and nets. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients, tumor removal was complete in 18 patients, and incomplete in 3 patients due to extensive invasion into the sious cavernosus. Of the 13 patients with vision impairment before surgery, vision was improved in 11 cases (range from 3 to 5 lines) following surgery. All orbital malformations were healed in these 11 patients. CONCLUSION Patients with fibrous dysplasia should undergo surgical treatment as soon as possible. Where this results in visual dysfunction or orbital-cranial deformities, repairing the bony defect with titanium material has many advantages: it is solid, easily molded, and easily fastened.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; Prostheses and Implants ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull ; Titanium ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the preoperative nutritional status of cardiac surgery patients in southwest China, analyze the incidence and characteristics of nutritional risk, and provide basis for establishing a standardized individualized nutritional intervention program for cardiac surgery patients.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the nutritional status and intervention status of preoperative patients in cardiac surgery department of 23 general hospitals in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing districts. At 00: 00 on July 7, 2022, the patients aged > 18 years old in cardiac surgery departments of the above hospitals who planned to undergo surgical treatment were enrolled as the survey objects to investigate the nutritional status on July 6, 2022 (the survey date), including basic information (general information, nutrition indicators, etc.), nutrition screening and evaluation (nutrition risk screening and organ support, etc.), nutrition treatment (nutrition supplement methods and prescriptions, etc.) and nutrition awareness of medical staff.Results:The 126 questionnaires were collected, of which 125 were valid (99.2%). ① Basic information: of the 125 patients, 67 patients were male (53.6%) and 58 patients were female (46.4%). The age ranged from 19 years old to 86 years old, with an average of (53.13±14.74) years old. Body mass index (BMI) was (22.21±3.78) kg/m 2. The age and BMI of men were significantly higher than those of women [age (years old): 56.63±13.34 vs. 49.09±15.35, BMI (kg/m 2): 22.74±3.86 vs. 21.59±3.61, both P < 0.05]. Of the 125 patients, 75 had valvular disease and 50 were with non-valvular diseases, which mainly included congenital heart disease [19 cases (15.2%)], aortic dissection [13 cases (10.4%)], coronary heart disease [12 cases (9.6%)], etc. The course of disease was 0.5 hour to 36 years, of which 93 patients (74.4%) were more than 6 months and 32 patients (25.6%) were equal to or less than 6 months. The proportion of female patients with disease duration > 6 months was significantly higher than that of male patients [87.9% (51/58) vs. 62.7% (42/67), P < 0.01]. The basic diseases mainly included hypertension [38 cases (30.4%)], coronary heart disease [12 cases (9.6%)], diabetes [7 cases (5.6%)], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD, 6 cases (4.8%)], etc. Among 125 patients, total protein (TP) < 60 g/L in 24 cases (19.2%), albumin (Alb) < 40 g/L in 64 cases (51.2%), anemia [male hemoglobin (Hb) < 120 g/L, female Hb < 110 g/L] in 33 cases (26.4%). A total of 60 cases of prealbumin data were collected, of which 23 cases (38.3%) were less than 200 mg/L.② Nutrition screening and assessment: 33.6% of the 125 patients did not undergo routine nutrition screening after admission, including the provincial and municipal tertiary hospitals. Among the 83 patients undergoing nutritional screening, 41 (32.8%) were at nutritional risk. Further analysis of patients with nutritional risk showed that of the 41 patients, 20 were male (48.8%) and 21 were female (51.2%); 27 cases (65.9%) was with valvular diseases and 14 cases (34.1%) was with non-valvular diseases; the course of disease was more than 6 months in 30 cases (73.2%), and ≤ 6 months in 11 cases (26.7%). Statistical comparison of the above 83 patients showed that women, basic disease, long term-valvular disease, anemia, low TP, and low Alb before operation were more prone to innutrition. ③ Nutritional therapy: of the 125 patients, 5 were receiving mechanical ventilation (4.0%) and 2 were using vasoactive drugs (1.6%); there were 5 cases with gastrointestinal dysfunction (4.0%), mainly manifested as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. One patient was treated with enteral nutrition through gastric tube combined with parenteral nutrition support, 124 patients were fed orally, and an irregular phenomenon of injecting amino acid fat emulsion through peripheral vein in 2 patients. ④ Nutrition awareness of medical staff: 124 (99.2%) of the 125 patients had a nutrition department in their hospital; 71 cases (56.8%) received nutrition education, of which 37 cases (52.1%) were consulted by the nutrition department. Of all the cases, only 38 (30.4%) were consulted by the nutrition department, of which 1 (2.6%) did not receive nutrition education after consultation. Conclusions:At present, the incidence of preoperative malnutrition in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is high in southwest China. The incidence of malnutrition in patients with basic diseases, long term-valvular disease, low TP, low Alb and anemia before operation is higher, and the incidence of malnutrition is hidden in women. The course of disease of women is longer than that of men at the time of treatment, and malnutrition is more likely to occur. The attending physicians should pay attention to the above groups. It is necessary to establish a standardized individualized nutritional intervention program and apply it to actual clinical diagnosis and treatment, so as to ultimately improve the prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and increase the benefits of patients in treatment.