Objective To analyze and compare the fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and immunohistochemical(IHC) for detecting HER-2 gene amplification and protein expression in breast cancer tissues .Methods 110 cases of breast cancer from Janu-ary 2008 to May 2012 receiving the modified radical mastectomy were selected .The resected breast cancer tissue was detected by FISH and IHC and the detected results were performed the comparative analysis .Results Among 110 cases of breast cancer tissue , 25 cases(22 .73% ) were the HER-2 protein expression(+ + + ) ,44 cases(40 .00% ) were(+ + ) ,26 cases(23 .64% ) were(+ ) and 15 cases(13 .64% ) were(-) .Among 110 cases ,the gene amplification was in 28 cases(25 .45% ) and no gene amplification was in 82 cases(74 .55% ) .The positive(+ + + ) of the IHC detection was coincident with that of FISH ,and the negative(+ /-) of the IHC detection was also coincident with that of FISH ,there was statistical difference between the suspicious positive of the IHC de-tection and the results of FISH (P<0 .05) .But the total coincidence of the IHC detection results and FISH test results was 89 .29%(25/28) ,and the two detection methods had the positive correlation (χ2 =84 .89 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion The positive and negative expression of the IHC detection has better consistency with that of the FISH detection .However ,the coincidence of the IHC suspi-cious positive expression and the FISH results is poor ,indicating that the suspicious positive sample of the IHC detection needs to be detected by the FISH detection .

Objective To understand the differences between sexes in the clinical and pathological features of patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGS).MethodsOne hundred and five patients with MPGS admitted to our hospital were retrospectively studied in clinical and pathological aspects.Results( 1 ) The proportion of male patients were 75 of 105 ( 71.43 ％ ) and that of females were 30 of 105 ( 28.57％ ) ; ( 2 ) The average age of the male patients was ( 40.25 ± 15.50 ) and that of the females was (36.23 ± 15.26) in year.There was no significant difference between the two groups( t =1.206,P =0.231 ) ;(3) There was no significant difference in duration of disease,hematuria,edema,hypertension prevalence and mean blood pressure( P ＞ 0.05 ).The proportion of patients with hematuria was 56.19％ (59/105).The males accounted for 69.33％ ( 52/75 ) and the females were 63.33％ ( 19/30 ) in the main clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome.There was no significant difference( x2 =0.352,P ＞ 0.05 ) between the proportion of males and females; (4)Males and females groups had no significant difference( P ＞ 0.05 )on levels of urinary protein,serum albumin,immunoglobulin,complement,urea nitrogen and serum creatinine.Complement decreased in 53 cases,accounting for 53％ of all the participants.The proportion of male patients with renal insufficiency was 24.00％ (18/75),and the proportion of females with renal insufficiency was 13.33％ (4/30).There was no significant difference ( x2 =1.472,P ＞ 0.05 )on the percentage of males and females with renal insufficiency.The mean value of urea nitrogen was higher than the normal levels ; (5) The proportion of male cases with different deposition of immune complexes was 93.06％ (67/72),and the proportion in females were 92.86％ (26/28) in the exception of 5 cases ( male 3 and female 2 ) with no glomeruli in immunofluorescence examination.No significant difference was found between the two groups( x2 =0.001,P ＞ 0.05 ) ; ( 6 ) There was no significant gender differences( x2 =1.696,P ＞ 0.05 ) found in risk assessment.ConclusionThe prevalence of MPGS is higher in male patients than in females,the main clinical manifestations of which were nephrotic syndrome.Patients were found to have a higher rate of hematuria,decreased complement C3,and renal dysfunction than the normal levels.There was no significant difference in gender on the clinical and pathological aspects of MPGS.

Objective To investigate the results and effects of freezing phrenic nerves for the patients of pulmonary lobectomy.To optimize the best freezing time by studying the effects of different time at-65 ℃.Methods 50 patients of pulmonary lobectomy were randomly entered into 5 groups,including control group,30 seconds group,60 seconds group,90 seconds group,120 seconds group.After operation,the patients' cardiotach,blood pressure,SaO2,breath rate,time period of pulling out drainage tube and VAS about referred pain of scapular region were noted.After pulling out the intrathoracic drain tube,the routine chest normal X ray film and chest ultrasonic inspection were processed and the post-operation remnant cavity were observed.The chest normal fluoroscopy was inspected in 90 days after operation in order to observe the motion information of trouble side diaphragmatic muscle.Results The chest fluid [first day (329±178) ml,(345±150)ml,(268±51) ml,(227±36) ml,second day (251±131) ml,(269±112) ml,(208±61) ml,(158±110) ml,time of pulling out intrathoracic drain tube (5.8±1.75) days,(4.6±1.77) days,(3.9±0.74) days,(3.6±1.07) days] and VAS [(3.6±2.9) scores,(2.2±2.4) scores,(1.0±1.3) scores,(0.7±1.2) scores] about referred pain of scapular region of freezing groups were obviously lower than those in the control group [(375±136) ml,(309±132) ml,(5.7±2.36) days,(4.0±3.3) scores].90 s and 120 s freezing groups were lower than that of 30 s and 60 s groups,andthe 90 s freezing group did not significantly different from the 120 s group.The heart rate,blood pressure,saturation of blood oxygen and breathing rate of each group also had no difference.The remnant cavity sizes were larger in the control group (＞200 ml),they also had more fluidity (＞200 ml),and one case had been taken punctuation.The remnant cavity sizes of freezing groups were small and didn' t need special treatment.The diaphragmatic muscle' s movement of each group were fine after 3 months of operation.Conclusion The freezing phrenic nerves can effectively reduce the chest fluid,the post-operation remnant cavity and the time of pulling out intrathoracic drain tube.The freezing phrenic nerves can reduce the pain of referred pain of scapular region.The best freezing time should be 90 s.The freezing phrenic nerves do not influence the respiration function,and should be advantages of for the clinic researches and applications.

Objective To evaluate ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract plus core-out fistulectomy for complex cryptoglandular anal fistulas.Methods Forty-one patients were divided into ligation and control group randomly.In ligation group (20 cases),patients underwent ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract plus core-out fistulectomy procedure.While in control group (21 cases) fistulotomy on low sphincter with cutting-seton on high sphincter procedure was performed.The primary end points of the study were healing rate and continence by using the Wexner score.Secondary end points were postoperative pain in the third and seventh day with the use of the visual analog scale,length of hospital stay and followed measures for a recurrent fistula.Comparison of measurement data using independent samples t-test or paired samples t-test,compared with the count data using Fisher's exact test.Results There was no statistical difference in the healing rate between ligation group (90％) and control group (95％) (P ＞0.05).Postoperatively,one case in ligation group reported incontinence for gas,compared to 7 cases in control group,among these 7 cases 2 cases also had incontinence for watery stool.Statistical differences were found between two groups in Wexner scores,visual analog scale scores and length of hospital stay (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract plus core-out fistulectomy is an economical,safe,little painful,recovery enhanced and minimally invasive technique to treat complex anal fistulas.

Objective To explore the change of copeptin in plasma and its significance in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer.Methods Eighty patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were collected.Forty-nine patients of pure intracerebral hemorrhage and 31 patients of intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer were included.Thirty healthy people were taken as controls.The level of copeptin in plasma was measured and compared in all subjects.Results The level of copeptin in plasma in patients with pure intracerebral hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer was significantly higher than that in controls:(303.684 ± 68.691),(527.034 ± 74.111) ng/L vs.(121.460 ± 53.364) ng/L,and the level of copeptin in plasma in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer was significantly higher than that in patients with pure intracerebral hemorrhage.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The level of copeptin in plasma in patients with pure intracerebral hemorrhage increases significantly,and it is much higher in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage combined with stress ulcer.

Objective To establish a stable orthotopic model with high green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in nude mice and observe its biological features.Methods Human HCT116 colon cancer cells transfected with GFP pLPCX retroviral plasmid were used to build a subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice.Fifteen BALB/C nude mice were selected to underwent orthotopic transplantation of colon when the GFP-labeled tumor grew to 10 mm × 10 mm as observed by in vivo fluorescent microscopy.The growth and metastasis of orthotopically implanted colon cancer cells were observed with fluorescent imaging system at different time points.The differences of the tumor size measured by peripheral vernier caliper and fluorescent imaging system were analyzed using the t test,and the differences in different groups were analyzed using the analysis of variance.Results GFP-labeled colon cancer models were successfully established in all the 15 nude mice,and there was no surgery-related complications or death.Tumors marked by GFP were observed under fluoroscope in week 3.The size of the tumors progressively increased with time.The volumes of the orthotopically transplanted tumors obtained from global measurement using fluorescent imaging system were greater than those measured by peripheral vernier calipers at postoperative week 3,4,5,6,7,while no statistically significant difference was observed (t =-1.280,-1.115,-0.718,-0.199,-0.386,P ＞0.05).There was a significant difference in the interation of measure method and different time points (F =29.546,P ＜ 0.05).Eight nude mice survived at the end of the experiment,and tumor metastasis was observed in 6 mice.Conclusions It is technically feasible to construct GFP-labeled colon cancer orthotopic transplantation model.The mice model could be used for real-time,in vivo,non-invasive and dynamic observation and analysis of the growth and metastasis of tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of Her-2 gene and the transfer number of axillary lymph node and its influence on prognosis.Methods A total of 351 cases with primary breast cancer from January 2008 to January 2011 were selected.The expression of Her-2 gene was detected by immunohistochemical method,and analyzed the relationship between it and the transfer number of axillary lymph node and its influence on prognosis.Results The expression of Her-2-,+,++ had no correlation with the transfer number of axillary lymph node (x2 =3.757,1.650,2.379,P ＞ 0.05),while the expression of Her-2 +++ had correlation with the transfer number of axillary lymph node (x2 =8.681,P ＜ 0.05).The 2 years survival rates in the expression of Her-2-,+,++,+++ were 77.01％ (201/261),85.00％ (34/40),29.17％(7/24),1 1.54％ (3/26),and which in the expression of Her-2--+ was significantly higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++ (x2 =61.605,P ＜ 0.01).The transfer number of axillary lymph node was 0 and 1-3,the 2 years survival rate in the expression of Her-2--+ was significantly higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++,and there was significant difference (x2 =61.605,14.747,P ＜ 0.05).The transfer number of axillary lymph node was 4-9 and ≥ 10,there was no significant difference in the 2 years survival rate between the expression of Her-2--+ and Her-2 ++-+++ (x2 =3.691,3.482,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of Her-2-,+,++ has no correlation with axillary lymph node metastasis,and the 2 years survival rate in the expression of Her-2--+ is higher than that in the expression of Her-2 ++-+++,while Her-2-has no difference with Her-2 + in prognosis.While the transfer number of axillary lymph node ≤ 3,the expression of Her-2 gene may be an important prognostic factor.

Objective To study the epidemiology,pathologies and clinical manifestations of renal diseases in elderly patients of different genders in China northwest region.Methods Retrospective analysis was used to evaluate the clinical and pathological informations of patients above 60 years old who underwent renal biopsy and had the integrated data in the past 20 years.Results (1)Among the 559 patients,there were 347 men accounting for 62.1％,and there were 212 women accounting for 37.9％ ； the average age was (66.7±5.3)years,the median course of disease was 5.0months when receiving renal biopsy,and 50％ cases was (1.3 ～ 12.0)months.(2) Primary glomerulopathy accounted for 69.59％(389/559),secondary glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial disease and the others accounted for 25.4％ (142/559),3.8％ (21/559) and 1.3％ (7/559),respectively.(3)According to clinical manifestation,nephrotic syndrome was the most common disease(accounting for 60.7％),and then chronic glomerulonephritis accounted for 31.6％.In pathology,membranous nephropathy was the most frequently category accounting for 34.5％,then mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis accounted for 32.4％.(4) Among secondary glomerulopathy,the frequent diseases were primary polyangitis,diabetic nephropathy,amyloidosis of kidney and lupus nephritis,accounting for 24.7％,19.7 ％,13.4 ％ and 10.6 ％,respectively,and the number of women was more than men in lupus nephritis(P＜0.05).(5) The common diseases of primary glomerulopathy that would result in renal insufficiency were nephrotic syndrome and chronic glomerulonephritis,accounting for 76.5 ％ (26/34)and 76.2 ％ (48/63),respectively,and the common pathological type was both mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.The common diseases of secondary glomerulopathy that would result in renal insufficiency were primary small vessel vasculitis and diabetic nephropathy,accounting for 46.3％(19/41)and 34.4％(11/32),respectively.Conclusions (1)the number of men was more than women in this group,and was opposite in lupus nephritis.(2) The most common disease was primary glomerulopathy,as for clinical manifestation,nephrotic syndrome and chronic glomerulonephritis were most common； the most common pathological type were membranous nephropathy and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.(3) The common disease resulting in secondary kidney damage were primary small-vessel vasculitis and diabetic nephropathy.(4)The pathological type of disease resulting in renal insufficiency was mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,the common diseases resulting in acute renal insufficiency were nephrotic syndrome,primary small vessel vasculitis,and those resulting in chronic renal insufficiency were chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy.

Objective:To investigate the effects of mucosal strengthening treatment on preventing recurrence of closedvarices. Methods: In 264 patients with esophageal varices obliteration by banding ligation and sclerotherapy, of 136 patientswere gone on to treat with strengthening mucosa, and 128 patients without strengthening treatment. All patients had beenobserved out of hospital for 1-13 years. Results: There were no recurrence and rebleeding of esophageal varices in the groupwith strengthening treament. But in the group without strengthening treatment, 25 patients (19. 5%) had isolated or strip-like varices with red colour signI small veins grew thick and part of mucosa appeared clear hyperaemia in 21 patients(16.4% ); 6 patients (4.7% ) rebleeded. There were significant differences between two groups (P

Objective To explore the best operation method in the patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods A total of 139 patients with papillary thjroid microcarcinoma were treated at our institute between Jan.2000 and Jan.2010.The data on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and treatment were collected.Results The mean tumor size was (0.45 ± 0.24) cm.Of the 139 patients,30.2％ had multifocal tumors,19.4％ had bilateral tumors,42.4％ neck lymph node metastases.The number of eases of lymph node metastasis in level Ⅵ,Ⅱa,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 58(41.7％),3(2.2％),10(7.9％),5(3.6％),respectively.Only one had lymph node metastasis in Level Ⅲ Microscopic extrathyroid extension was associated with neck lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid microcareinoma patients (x2 =38.39,P ＜0.001).No one developed permanent hypoparathyroidism.The median follow-up time was 103 (range,30-154) months,and local recurrence in the thyoid was diagnosed in 2 patients who underwent hemi-or subtotal thyroidectomy.Follow-up of 10 years was done in 16 cases,and the survival rate of 139 patients for 10-year was 100％.Conclusions It suggested that patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma has uniform clinicopathologic characteristics and the pattern of lymph node metastasis from those with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Total thyroidectomy plus level Ⅵ dissection is the optimal surgical treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.