BACKGROUND:Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) are always supplied exogenous dopamine so as to balance a disproportion of neurotransmitter.However,a long-term administration may easily cause drug resistance;therefore,it is not able to solve nerve injuries at all.A lot of researches suggest that ganglioside can promote neural axon growth,improve neurotrophy,and resist cellular toxicity mediated by glutamic acid (GA).OBJECTIVE:To probe into the duration and effect of oraL administration of ganglioside on improving clinical symptoms of PD patients.DESIGN:Retrospective case analysis.SETTING:Department of Internal Medicine.Shanghai Electric Power Hospital;Departments of Neurosurgery and Internal Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 6 344 PD patients were selected from Heilongjiang,Hebei,Shandong,Henan, Beijing,Jiangsu,Gansu,Qinghai.Guizhou,Fujian,Hunan,Shanxi, Hubei,Sichuan,Chongqing,Jiangxi, Shanghai and Yunnan from January 2001 to January 2005.All patients met the diagnostic and typing criteria of PD in Practical Neurology.They orally took≥10 mg/d ganglioside for more than 1 month,and all of them were provided the consent.METHODS:Patients who were treated with oral ganglioside accepted neural functional rehabilitation. Every oral solution of ganglioside contained 0.25 g/L ganglioside [including monosialoteterahexosyl ganglioside 1 (21%),diplo-sialoteterahexosyl ganglioside 1a(40%),diplo-sialoteterahexosyl ganglioside 1 b(16%),and tri-sialoteterahexosyl ganglioside 1b(19%)],and patients fastingly took two ampoules in every morning and 2 in every evening before sleeping, or took 4 ampoules in every evening before sleeping. Every 3 months was regarded as a course, and patients were always treated for two or three courses;especially,patients having a long-term duration were treated for above 4 courses.Regular follow-up was performed during the administration to observe the improvements of PD patients on the aspects of chatter, myotone, bradypraxia,posture irregularity, etc. Effective evaluation: Iilness improvements of PD patients who orally took ganglioside were observed within 3,6,9 months and 1 year.Excellent effective: Chatter and myotone disappeared after gradually stopping administration of dopamine preparation;improvement: Symptoms mentioned above were relieved after gradually reducing administration of dopamine preparation (effect=apparent effect+improvement);inefficacy:Symptoms mentioned above were not changed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Effect at various time Points of administration.RESULTS:Among 5 937 patients who met the inclusion criteria,all of them were involved in the final analysis without any loss.① Improvement of clinical symptoms at various time points of administration:There were 669 PD patients with the effective improvements within 1-3 months.941 within 4-6 months and 1713 within 7-12 months.The total effective rate was 56%.② Therapeutic effective rate of PD patients at various administrating times:The therapeutic effective rates of patients who received administration from 1 to 3 months,from 4 to 6 months and from 7 to 12 months were 30%,57%and 84%respectively.The rate was higher of patients administrated from 4 to 6 months than.of those from 1 co 3 months(P<0.05),and also higher of those from 7 to 12 months than of those from 4 tp 6 months and from 1 to 3 months (P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Ganglioside can effectively improve clinical symptoms,such as chatter,myotone,bradypraxia,posture irregularity,etc.In addition,it has a better effect during a long-term administration.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of endophytic fungal elicitors on the growth and atractylodin accumulation of cell suspension cultures of Atractylodes lancea.

METHODThe endophytic fungal elicitors were added to the medium with different concentrations and culture period. Their effects on biomass, atractylodin content and relevant enzyme activities in suspension cultured cells were studied.

RESULTThe cell growth was not affected by elicitors at low concentration and obviously inhibited at high concentration. Inhibition rate reached 46.7% by 100 mg L(-1) elicitor. In addition, six strains from A. lancea, among which Rhizoctonia SP1 activity was higher, had distinctly promoted the accumulation of atractylodin. Atractylodin biosynthesis was notably promoted by 20-60 mg L(-1) Rhizoctonia SP1 elicitor. When 40 mg L(-1) Rhizoctonia SP1 elicitor was added in the medium at the 12 day, the maximum content of atractylodin was 28.06 microg L(-1) at the 21 day with 48.3% higher than that of the control and PPO, POD and CAT activities remarkably increased.

CONCLUSIONAdding the endophytic elicitors to the medium is able to be effective approaches to enhance atractylodin yield in the suspension culture cell of A. lancea.

Atractylodes ; growth & development ; microbiology ; physiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Fungi ; physiology ; Furans ; metabolism ; Symbiosis

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.