Objective To study the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 of dust storm on the secretion of nitrogen oxide(NO), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)in the alveolar macrophages(AM)of rat in vitro. Methods PM2.5 and PM10 were collected during dust storm period in the urban area of Beijing. The tested cells were primary cultured alveolar macrophages. Cytotoxicity of the particles was measured by MTT assay. The content of NO was determined using Griess reagent. The levels of cytokines IL-8 and TNF-? were determined using radioimmunity assay. Results After treatment for 24 h, PM2.5 and PM10 caused cytotoxicity to AM and the survival rate of the cells was decreased with the increasing exposure dose of the dust to the rats and the survival rate of the cells in the high dosage group was 80% of the control group. At concentrations of 20～150 ?g/ml, PM2.5 and PM10 increased the secretion of NO, TNF-? and IL-8 in AM in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 was stronger than that of the PM10 at the same concentration, while the effects on the increasing secretion of NO, IL-8 and TNF-? induced by PM2.5 was smaller than that of the PM10. Conclusion PM2.5 and PM10 of dust storm could induce the secretion of inflammatory factors NO, IL-8 and TNF-? in rat AM.

Objective To analyze the effect of clinical pathway of nursing on health education in patients undergoing tonsil-lectomy.Methods Participants included 180 patients undergoing tonsillectomy in our hospital from September 2012 to September 2013 were randomly divided into the clinical pathway of nursing group ( experimental group) and the traditional nursing group ( control group) with 90 cases in each group.The sleep quality, heart rate, blood pressure, body weight, hemorrhage, health education com-pliance rate and nursing service satisfaction were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The sleep quality, health education compliance rate and nursing service satisfaction in the experimental group was better than that in the control group;The inci-dence of heart rate speed up, blood pressure increase, loss weight, the standard rate of health education, hemorrhage and the satisfac-tion of nursing quality was lower than that in the control group.There was statistical significance in the difference between the two groups (p<0.05).Conclusion Health education with the clinical pathway of nursing can improve the quality of nursing, promote the rehabilitation and increase the nursing service satisfaction .

Objective To evaluate the role of ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway in sevoflurane postconditioning-induced reduction of oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)injury in rat hippocampal slices.Methods Male adult SD rats weighing 80-100 g were anesthetized with ether and decapitated.The hippocampi were removed and sagittally sliced(400μm thick)and placed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid(aCSF)aerated with 95％ O2-5％CO2.Fifty hippoeampal slices were randomly divided into 5 groups(t =10 each):OGD group; 4％ sevoflurane postconditioning group(group Sevo); PD98059(specific inhibitor of ERK)group(group PD); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)group; 4％ sevoflurane postconditioning + PD98059 group(group SPD).OGD was induced by incubating the slices in glucose-free aCSF aerated with 95％ N2-5％ CO2 for 15 min in group OGD.The hippocampal slices were perfused with aCSF saturated with 4％ sevoflurane for 30 min after OGD was induced in group Sevo.The hippocampal slices were perfused with aCSF containing PD98059 50 μmol/L for 10 min after OGD was induced in group PD.The hippocampal slices were perfused with aCSF containing DMSO 1 mol/L for 10 min after OGD was induced in group DMSO.The hippocampal slices were perfused with aCSF containing PD98059 50 μmol/L and aerated with 4％ sevoflurane for 30 min after OGD was induced in group SPD.The hippocampal slices were then perfused with plain aCSF for 1 h again in all the groups.The electrophysiological technique was used 1o record the amplitude of orthodromic population spike(OPS)in the stralum pyramidale of the CAI region.TTC staining was used to determine the degree of tissue injury.Results Compared with group OGD,the recovery amplitude and rate of OPS were significantly increased,and the degree of tissue injury was significantly decreased in group Sevo(P ＜0.01),while no significant change was found in each parameter in the other three groups(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group Sevo,the recovery amplitude and tale of OPS were significandy decreased,and the degree of tissue injury was significantly increased in groups PD,DMSO and SPD(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway is involved in sevoflurane postcondilioning-induced reduction of OGD injury in tat hippocampal slices.

Pulpitis and periapical periodontitis is a type of bacterial infectious disease, and bacteria frequently plant in the entire root canal system during the terminal stage. Main clinical treatment strategy of the disease requires root canal therapy, a key and core procedure for the successful treatment by thoroughly removing the root canal infection. The premise and guarantee of thoroughly removing root canal infection is by determining the accurate root canal working length. However, introduction of the complexity of the apical root anatomical structure, the confusion in determining the position of apical stop, and the method to determine the root canal working length. methods of accurately determining root canal working length, especially determining the position of apical stop, has been a hot topic among endodontic specialists, frequently causing confusion among many clinicians. This review provides a brief
Dental Pulp Cavity ; Periapical Periodontitis ; Pulpitis ; Root Canal Preparation ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Root

Objective To investigate the effect of ambroxol pretreatment on the inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) .Methods Forty-five ASA I or II patients aged 37-64 yr weighing 53-65 kg undergoing thoracotomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 15 each): group A two-lung ventilation (TLV); group B OLV and group C ambroxol 1 mg/kg + OLV. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and atracurium and maintained with propofol infusion and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and atracurium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT8-10 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm during TLV, VT 6-7 ml/kg, RR 16 bpm during OLV, I: E 1:2, FiO2 100% ). In group C ambroxol 1 mg/kg in normal saline ( NS) 100 ml was infused at 25 min before OLV (infusion rate 4 ml/min) , while in group A and B equal volume of NS was infused instead of ambroxol. Blood samples were obtained from radial artery before induction of anesthesia and OLV (T0.1 ) and at 0.5, 1, 2 h of OLV (T2-4 ) and 1, 2 h of TLV (T5,6 ) and at 24 h after operation (T7) in group B and C for determination of serum SOD activity and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts. The same indexes were detected in group A at the corresponding time points.Results Serum SOD activity was significantly lower and serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts were significantly higher in group B than in group A. Serum SOD activity was significantly higher and serum TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts were significantly lower in group C than in group B. Conclusion Pretreatment with ambroxol 1 mg/kg can inhibit inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during OLV.

Child ; Famotidine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; Histamine H2 Antagonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the safety and effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sorafenib on large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treatment.Methods:From Jan 2012 to Dec 2017, 36 patients (Male: 33, Female: 3, average age: 51.8) with large HCC lesions(5-7 cm) received TACE plus with RFA and sorafenib in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Efficacy was evaluated after TACE. Each patient was received follow-up after RFA procedure. The occurrence rate of complications and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Log-rank univariate analysis was used to analyze the OS data.Results:The median TACE time was 4, and the RFA time was (1.7±0.7) . Mean duration time of sorafenib administration was (37.7±28.8) months. Adverse events of sorafenib: 26(72.2%) hand-foot skin reaction, 6(16.7%) hypertension, 22(61.1%) diarrhea, 17(47.2%) alopecia, 3(8.3%) oral ulcer and 1(2.8%) gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Median OS was 63.0 months, and 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rate was 100%, 72.7% and 52.6%. The cumulative survival rate of patients taking whole course of sorafenib ( n=21) was better than that of patients taking remedial ( n=15); the cumulative survival rate of patients with alpha fetal protein (AFP) <200 μg/L ( n=26) before treatment was better than ≥200 μg/L ( n=10); the cumulative survival rate of patients with good TACE response ( n=19) was better than that of patients with no response ( n=17), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:TACE plus with RFA and sorafenib are safe and effective for large HCC patients with 5-7 cm lesions and this treatment might improve OS. The whole-course sorafenib, lower base AFP value (<200 μg/L) and good TACE response were considered as the good factors for the combination therapy in large HCC patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of a patient diagnosed with Jacobsen syndrome (JBS) and Paris-Trousseau syndrome (PTS) using chromosomal microarray analysis. Method A retrospective analysis including the patients' clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and genetic analysis was carried out and related literature were reviewed. Results A 14 month-old girl with global development retardation was reported. The patient can sit but cannot walk independently. The patient also presented hypsicephaly, ocular hypertelorism, palpebral ptosis, flat nasal bridge, sparse eyebrows, and speech delay. Gesell development scale showed that the patient was global development retarded with a development level of 40 weeks. No o bvious abnormality was found in EEG but the MRI showed cerebral white matter abnormality. This patient was also diagnosed with neonatal thrombocytopenia in other hospital. Genomic CNVs were detected in this girl, and a 15.7Mb loss was found in the 11q23.3q25 region that covers JBS and PTS region. Conclusions Patient diagnosed with JBS and PTS often present with craniofacial abnormalities, cerebral white matter abnormality and neonatal thrombocytopenia. Chromosomal microarray analysis can help diagnosis.

Objective To observe the expression of tumor stem cell markers P 75NTR,Oct-4,Sox-2,Lin28 and Nanog in the tumor sphere from esophageal squamous cells carcinoma Eca 109 and identify the esophageal squamous cell cancer stem cell marker .Methods The serum-free culture method was used for generating tumor spheres: proliferation was observed in enrichment culture tumor spheres .Small tumor spheres were obtained after 5 days culture and big and round tumor spheres appeared after 14 days culture which were collected for experiments and passaged .The expression and location of P75NTR,Oct-4,Sox-2,Lin28, and Nanog were detected by immunofluorescence cytochemistry .Results The expressions of P75NTR,Oct-4 and Lin28 were positive in the center of tumor spheres and some on cytoplasm and other in nuclei of Eca109 monolayer cells.However, Oct-4 fluorescence intensity was weaker than P75NTR.The expressions of Sox-2 and Nanog were positive in cytoplasm of tumor spheres and Eca 109 monolayer cells .Conclusion The cells expressing P75NTR, Oct-4, and Lin28 in the center of the tumor sphere may be esophageal cancer stem cells .

Objective To analyze the clinical infection distribution and drug resistance status of 442 strains of Escherichia coli to provide the basise for the treatment of Escherichia coli infection and the control of nosocomial infection.Methods The clinically submitted various kinds of specimens during 2013 were performed the bacterial culture and identification.The susceptibility of Escherichia coli to commonly used bacterial drugs were detected by adopting the MIC method.The data were analyzed by WHO-NET V5.5 and SPSS V13.0 softwares.Results 442 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from the middle urine and secretion. The detection rate of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli was 61.3%.442 strains of Escherichia coli had the high resistance to peni-cillins,cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones,better sensitivity toβ-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor compounds and highest sensitivity to carbapenems.ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli had the higher resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs than non-ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli .Conclusion The drug resistance of Escherichia coli is severe.ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli are u-sually resistant to many different types of antimicrobial drugs.Carbapenems are the first choice to treatment of severe infections of Escherichia coli .