The killing effects of five chemical disinfectants on hepatitis A virus (HAV) were determined by ELISA The results showed that 2% glutaraldehyde completely killed HAV within 10 min and 025% peracetic acid killed 74.5% HAV within 5 min and 40% iodophors killed 60.3% HAV within 5 min. It is suggested that glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid and iodophors are more effective agents to kill HAV.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hospital environmental cleaning practice by fluorescence labeling method.Methods From January to February 2015,312 ward rooms in 7 hospitals were chosen,high touch object surface were labeled with fluorescence,after object surface being cleaned by cleaners,clearance rates of fluorescence labeling were calculated (as baseline survey data),training and on-site guidance for cleaners were performed(intervention measures),fluorescence labeling clearance effect before and after intervention was compared.Results A total of 110 ward rooms were performed baseline survey,the fluorescence labeling clearance rate of 2 856 touched clean surface was only 50.81％,the quantitative evaluation value was 45.70;after intervention,202 rooms were surveyed,fluorescence labeling clearance rate of 3 992 touched clean surface enhanced to 79.23 ％,the quantitative evaluation value was 76.30;there was significant difference in fluorescence labeling clearance rate between before and after intervention (x2 =612.14,P＜0.05).In the baseline survey,the clearance rates of fluorescence labeling on touched surface of medical instruments,hospital beds,and toilets were 46.07％,37.80％,and 25.20％ respectively;after intervention,the clearance rates were 80.59％,75.90％,and 51.70％,respectively.After intervention,fluorescence labeling clearance rates of beepers,toilet seat covers,toilet electrical switches,and chairs were low,the clearance rates of these touched surface in baseline survey were＜ 30％,after intervention were 47.03 ％-68.32％;the clearance rates of other high touch surface were all＞75 ％.Conclusion Fluorescence labeling method can directly reflect the operation quality of cleaners,and improve the cleanliness of ward environment,it is a simple,inexpensive and objective globally popular method for evaluating hospital environment cleanliness.

OBJECTIVE To study and develop an effervescent disinfection tablet with low chlorine smell.METHODS The specially tiny smashing technology and the high molecular complexon technology were applied to make the tablet after mixing the complex organic chlorine powder made by a special technoloy with the effervescent agent.RESULTS No chlorine was detected by examining the disinfection solution with 4000 mg/L available chlorine,but it was 0.997 mg/m3 for the symclosene(trichloroisocyanuric acid) disinfection tablet.The sterilization,toxicology,sanitary examination,etc all met the disinfectant standards made by the Ministry of Health.CONCLUSIONS "Aiershi" brand disinfection tablet is one kind of disinfectants with low chlorine smell.Its compound disinfection fluid,is without chlorine smell nearly.It is unharmful to the human body and the environment.And it highly praises by thousand hospitals using it for more than two years.It has been one of items of scientific and technological achievement of Shanghai municipal government.The use of low chlorine disinfection tablet could be expanded.

Objective:To observe the dynamic changes in specific IgG antibodies induced by recombinant hepatitis E vaccine using different immunization strategies in BALB/c mice.Methods:BALB/c, C57BL/6, NIH and KM mice were immunized intraperitoneally with serially diluted hepatitis E vaccine to select a mouse strain appropriately responding to hepatitis E vaccine. Then the selected BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups, one-dose immunization group (0 week), two-dose immunization group (0 and 4 weeks) and three-dose immunization group (0, 4 and 12 weeks), and three adjuvant control groups with the same immunization strategy as the corresponding experimental group. Blood samples were collected from the intraocular canthus at different time points and serum antibody levels were detected quantitatively.Results:The BALB/c and NIH mice had proper responses to hepatitis E vaccine administrated at different doses than the C57BL/6 and KM mice, and the antibody positive conversion rates also showed a certain dose-effect relationship. Thus, the BALB/c mice were used as the animal model. The level of specific IgG antibodies in BALB/c mice immunized with one dose of vaccine reached a peak of 44.35 U/ml around the 10th week after the immunization, and then maintained at (5.52-13.28) U/ml after a decrease. The antibody level in the two-dose immunization group increased rapidly after the second immunization and peaked at the 8th week. From the 10th week, it gradually decreased and maintained at (16.50-32.54) U/ml. The trend of antibody changes in the three-dose immunization group was similar to that of the two-dose immunization group during the first 12 weeks, but a significant increase was induced after the third immunization and the level maintained at (62.65-72.61) U/ml for a long time, which was about nine times higher than that of the one-dose immunization group and three times of the two-dose immunization group.Conclusions:This study showed that BALB/c mice were suitable models to study the dynamic changes in specific IgG antibodies elicited by hepatitis E vaccine using different immunization strategies, which provided reference for future research on its in vivo efficacy.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.