A new method known as continuous arterio-venous perfusion and clearing of thick sections according to Mulligan's procedure Were applied. After the vessels of the mesencephalon were perfused, arteries revealed red colour and the -veins blafck. Under SXP-1 stereo-microscope, the morphology, rate of occurrence, tributaries and drainage of the interpeduncular veins, the posterior communicating vein, the lateral peduncular veins, the circumpeduncular veins, the veins of the pontomesencephalic sulcus, the lateral mesencephalic veins, the veins of the brachium conjunctivum, the precentral cerebellar vein and the quadrigeminal veins of 27 (54 sides) adult mesencephala were observed. The origin, course, drainage and outlet of internal veins such as antero-medial, anterolateral, lateral and posterior veins of 10 adult mesencephala were investigated and compared with 3 venograms of mesencephalon from other specimens. The clinical significance of some of the above vessels were discussed.

Objective To investigate the degree of health knowledge and needs for health education of urban and rural inhabitants in Tianjin, and to study strategy of health education and health promotion in community. Methods Using a questionnaire survey, 900 inhabitants were investigated on their health knowledge, behavior, access to knowledge, and health education needs. Results The rate of health knowledge awareness was 65.63%, the rate of health promotion was 67.05%. Logistic regression results showed that the education background level (OR=1.323, 95%CI=1.113～1.573) and income per capita monthly(1.607, 1.317～1.962)were the influential factors for the rate of health knowledge awareness (P

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of injection with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) at different doses on angiogenesis in myocardium of dogs with acute myocardial infarction (MI).Methods Sixteen 1.5-year-old male hybrid dogs,weighing 11-13 kg,were divided into 500 ?g HGF treatment group,1 000 ?g HGF treatment group,sham operation group,and no MI interference group,4 dogs in each group.Expressions of VEGF,HGF,CD31,and platelet factor Ⅷ in myocardium of dogs with MI were detected,the number of micro blood vessels was calculated,and correlation between angiogenesis and expression of HGF and VEGF was analyzed in 28 d after the model was established.Results HGF gene therapy could up-regulate the expression of CD31 and VEGF.The expression of CD31 and VEGF mRNA was 0.82 and 0.39 respectively in 1 000 ?g HGF group,and 0.47 and 0.21 respectively in 500 ?g HGF group.The expression of VEGF mRNA was 0.09 and no expression of CD31 mRNA was found in MI group.HGF could increase the angiogenesis in infracted myocardium.The microvascular density was 126.4?10.6,79.8?6.0,and 21.7?2.5/mm2,respectively,in 1 000 ?g HGF group,500 ?g HGF group,and MI group (P

Objective To compare the effect of ultrafiltration method and activated carbon absorbance method on aconitine-type alkaloid (AA) content in the preparation of Yiqi Huiyang Injection (YHJ) and to evaluate the safety of YHJ by limited detrmination of diester alkaloids (DEA).Methods Acid dye colorimetry was used to detect AA content and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was applied to determine the limited content of DEA. Mesaconitine, aconitine, hypaconitine were separated on a Hypersil BDS-C?18?column, with methanol and 0.05% triethylamine (70∶30) as mobile phase, wavelength at 240 nm and external standard for quantitative analysis.Results Compared with activated carbon absorbance method, the loss of AA was reduced, limited content of aconitine was within the pharmacopoeia standard method and the other two kinds of DEA were also low in YHJ prepared by ultrafiltration method.Conclusion Ultrafiltration was superior to activated carbon absorbance in the preparation of YHJ as with AA as the parameter, and the contents of DEA were very low which indicates that the toxicity of YHJ may be also low.

Objective:To investigate the antibacterial effect of different self-etching adhesive systems against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans).Methods:Six reagents ClearfilTM SE Bond primer (SP), ClearfilTM SE Bond adhesive (SA),ClearfilTM Protect Bond primer (PP),which contained antibacterial monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB),ClearfilTM Protect Bond adhesive (PA), positive control chlorhexidine acetate [CHX,1% (mass fraction )],and negative control phosphate buffer solution (PBS)were selected.They were mixed with S.mutans for 30 s respectively,then colony-forming units (CFU)were counted after incubated for 48 h on brain heart infusion (BHI)agar medium. The 6 reagents were applied to the sterile paper discs,and distributed onto the BHI agar medium with S. mutans and incubated for 24 h,then the inhibition zones were observed.CHX,PBS,PP,and SP were added on the dentin with artificial caries induced by S.mutans and kept for 30 s,then confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)was used to observe the live and dead bacteria after staining.The ratio of live to dead bacteria was calculated.PP+PA and SP+SA were applied on the dentin according to the manual and light cured.S.mutans were incubated on the samples for 2 h,ultrasonically treated and in-cubated on BHI agar medium for 48 h,then CFU was counted.The data were analyzed by non-parametric analysis and one-way ANOVA.Results:Compared with PBS,the PP,SP,PA,SA and CHX showed the antibacterial effect on free S.mutans (P<0.05 );SP and PP showed stronger antibacterial effect than PA,SA and CHX (P<0.05).CHX,SP and PP presented inhibition zones,while PBS,SA and PA did not.Compared with PBS,the CHX,SP and PP could lower the ratio of the live to dead bacteria significantly (P<0.05).Cured self-etching adhesive systems did not show any antibacterial effect on the free S.mutans.Conclusion:The primer of self-etching adhesives ClearfilTM SE Bond and ClearfilTM Pro-tect Bond showed significant antibacterial effect on free and attached S.mutans.The adhesive only showed antibacterial effect on free S.mutans before light-cured polymerization.After being cured,the self-etching adhesive systems did not show antibacterial effect anymore.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics in adjunctive prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID),and to provide evidence-based reference in the clinic. METHODS:All relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics in adjunctive prevention and treatment of CID were collected by searching EMBase,Co-chrane library,PubMed,CJFD,VIP,Wanfang databases and CBM. Meta-analysis were performed with Rev Man 5.2 software af-ter data extraction and quality evaluation by Cochrane Hand book 5.0risk-bias assessment tool. RESULTS:10 RCTs were includ-ed,involving 871 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that addition of probiotics on the basis of conventional symptomatic therapy significantly reduced the total rate of diarrhea in cancer patients [OR=0.31,95%CI(0.20,0.49),P<0.001] and Ⅲ-Ⅳ diar-rhea rate[OR=0.09,95%CI(0.03,0.24),P<0.001],improved overall response rate [OR=4.16,95%CI(2.40,7.23),P<0.001] and complete remission rate [OR=2.55,95%CI(1.66,3.90),P<0.001],with statistical significance. The probiotics had little effect onⅠ-Ⅱlevel diarrhea rate[OR=0.86,95%CI(0.48,1.56),P=0.62] and partial remission rate[OR=1.00,95%CI(0.67,1.50),P=1.00],with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:The use of probiotics before chemotherapy can effectively prevent the occur-rence of severe CID in cancer patients;in the treatment of CID,the combination of probiotics can also improve therapeutic effica-cy of conventional symptomatic treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin on the abatement of the mRNA,protein expression of RhoA and the improvement of the cardiac remodeling and cardiac disfunction after the myocardiac infarction in rats.Methods Rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group,the myocardiac infarction group and Simvastatin intervened group.After 8 weeks,cardiac weight index and hemodynamics were observed,mRNA and protein expression of RhoA in cardiac muscles was measured. Results Compared with the control group,the cardiac weight index and the mRNA and protein expression were increased in rats with myocardiac infarction and the hemodynamics was worsened(P

BACKGROUND:At present,there is lack of relevant biomechanical model for the T6-T7-T8 rib-vertebral fix unit.In addition,there is no support of parameters of basic studies on reasons and reasonable explanation of screw breakage,poor quality of bone fusion and adjacent segment degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To develop a three-dimensional finite element model of bone graft with vertebral tuberculosis debridement and posterior rib-vertebral unit fixed system through tuberculosis of thoracic spine (T6-8),and to analyze the stress so as to improve it.METHODS:Spiral CT data of one male patient (172 cm,71 kg,39-year-old) with T7 vertebral tuberculosis were imported into computer to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of bone graft with vertebral debridement and posterior vertebral unit fixed system through tuberculosis of T6-8 by Mimics 13.0 and Ansys 11.0 finite element software.500 N pressure and 10 N?m torque were loaded to the vertebral body by 3 kinds of physiological loads which simulated flexion,extension and lateral bending.The stress distribution of fixation devices under different loads was compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the positions of anteflexion and extension,the stress mainly concentrated to screw tail,and the stress of upper screw was greater than the middle and lower screws.For connecting rods,the stress of the middle was always less than the lower middle and the middle stress was zero.At lateral bending position,the stresses of upper and middle screw tail were quite,and the unilateral stress of connecting rod was also equivalent.For three different dynamics at the same point,the stress of middle connecting rod increased in the lateral bending motion,and the stress of lower screw tail was equivalent.These data suggested that it is prone to fatigue fracture at upper screw tail by bone graft with vertebral tuberculosis debridement and posterior rib-vertebral unit fixed system through tuberculosis of thoracic spine (T6-8) at the three positions of anteflexion,extension and lateral bending.The lower connecting rod at the positions of anteflexion and extension and the middle connecting rod at the position of lateral bending easily cause fatigue fracture.

Objective To evaluate the endovascular treatment of diffuse aortoiliac occlusive diseases. Methods Thirty-two patients underwent endovascular treatment in which rest pain was found in 84.38%, foot local gangrene in 15.62%. Mean age was 69.7 years (range, 52 years to 81 years) and 71.9% was male. Trans Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus C and D disease was respectively in 40.6% and 59.4% patients. Mean length of vasculopathy was (14.6 ± 1.2) cm (range, 4.5 cm to 19.5 cm) All patients had prohibitive risk for open revascularization. With the approach from femoral artery or brachial artery, combined techniques, such as recanahzation, balloon dilation, stent placement and concomitant common femoral endarterectomy were used. Results Technical success was achieved in twenty-nine patients(90.63%). The complication rate was 3.45%. Clinical status was markedly improved in eight cases (27.59%) and moderately improved in twenty-one cases(72.41%). Mean postoperative ABI was 0.73 ± 0.12, mean preoperative ABI was 0.32 ± 0.09. Significant differences were seen between postoperative ABI and preoperative ABI(P<0.05). Mean time of follow-up was (13.9±6.2) months. At 6 months, primary patency was 81.82% and secondary patency was 89.09%. At 12 months, primary patency was 63.64% and secondary patency was 80.18%. Conclusion Combined multiple endovascular technique is a safe and effective method in the treatment of poor risk diffuse aortoiliac occlusive diseases.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of thin layer reconstruction with spiral CT on the pulmonary hamartoma. Methods Accepted both routine CT examination and thin layer construction,2 1 pulmonary hamartoma cases confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The margin and inner features of the lesions were observed and recorded.Significant analysis was performed by using SPSS17.0 Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test,with P<0.05 as the significant difference criterion.Results Comparison of the display rates by routine CT and thin layer reconstruction:①the same display rate of lobulation were 57.1%(12/21);②the same display rate of calcification were 42.9% (9/21);③the display rates of fat density were 14.3%(3/21)by routine CT and 42.9% (9/21)by thin layer reconstruction.The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.200,P<0.05);④the display rates of blood vessel throughing were 14.3%(3/21)by routine CT and 47.6% (10/21)by thin layer reconstruction.The difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.459,P<0.05).Conclusion Displaying the inner features of pulmonary hamartoma better than routine CT,the thin layer reconstruction can improve the diagnostic accuracy significantly.