Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2(PRC2),a complex that methylates lysine-27 of histone H3(H3K27). PRC2 facilitates chro?matin compaction and gene silencing by modulating the methylation of H3K27,which is thought to be the classical function of EZH2 in several types of cancer. In some other situations,EZH2 also acts as an acti?vator of transcription in a PRC2-independent manner. EZH2 has been demonstrated to be extensively involved in the development and progression of cancer by inducing aberrant histone modification and gene transcription via aberrant EZH2 expression,functional mutation or other mechanisms which are very context-dependent. EZH2 inhibitors targeting the catalytic activity of EZH2 or the stability of PRC2 have been designed for cancer therapies and some of them have produced positive effects. This review focuses on the regulation of EZH2 on cancer epigenetics and the development of therapeutic drugs targeting EZH2.

Since last century, drug discovery efforts mostly focus on searching for chemicals which can inhibit some specific steps in a well-described disease pathway. However, this kind of highly specific inhibitors can not be effective for complex diseases, like cancer, diabetes, schizophrenia and mental illness. Therefore, we need to rethink the drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the strategies of selection of cellular signal transduction networks and their dynamics as the targets for drug discovery and pharmacological treatments will be discussed. The properties and analytical methods of these signal transduction networks, internet sources and software tools for performing these strategies will be described. Strategies and procedures of using network- based drug discovery will be emphasized, including multi-targets drug design and network-based drug discovery.

To identify the clinical efficacy,immunological consequences and adverse effects of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nearly 100 patients have been reported and a 80% of them achieved marked reduction in global disease activity and clinical remission in lupus nephritis.Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody is well tolerated in 90% of the patients,though10% of them had hypersensitivity reactions and 4 patients had severe opportunistic infection.

For the nasal anatomic structure and characteristics of endoscopic sinus surgery, nasal packing is the main method for nasal hemostasis.At present, there are two kinds of nasal packing biomaterials:absorbable and non-absorbable materials.Each kind of materials has their own characteristics.Merocel highly expansive sponge is a kind of non-absorbable material.It is made of polymeric material and has a high hydrophilicity.It is expansive uniformly in the nasal cavity, and gives the same pressure to all parts, especially the lacunae.Its texture is flexible, and it has small damage to the nasal mucosa.The texture of calcium alginate dressing is soft, and it has no toxicity.It has little stimulation to the nasal cavity and small damage to the nasal mucosa.It has slight local reaction and no obviously pain response after packing.Its efficacy on hemostasis is good.Gelatin sponge is a kind of absorbable material.It has high efficiency on hemostasis and few side reactions.It has protection and promotion of mucosa healing, as well as anti-inflammation.Besides those mentioned above, there are many other common materials, including vaseline gauze and Rhine haemostatic materials.By understanding the characteristics of the packing materials, we should select the different kinds of materials in accordance with the type of hemorrhage and range of operation.

Since last century, drug discovery efforts mostly focus on searching for chemicals which can inhibit some specific steps in a well-described disease pathway. However, this kind of highly specific inhibitors can not be effective for complex diseases, like cancer, diabetes, schizophrenia and mental illness. Therefore, we need to rethink the drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the strategies of selection of cellular signal transduction networks and their dynamics as the targets for drug discovery and pharmacological treatments will be discussed. The properties and analytical methods of these signal transduction networks, internet sources and software tools for performing these strategies will be described. Strategies and procedures of using network-based drug discovery will be emphasized, including multi-targets drug design and network-based drug discovery.

The prevalence of diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide.Elevated glucose levels and associated increases in blood pressure and dyslipidemia lead to long-term complications including cardiovascular disease,diabetic retinopathy,kidney disease,and nervous system damage.These complications are largely responsible for the great increase in morbidity and mortality seen in diabetes.Unfortunately,once established,diabetes is very diffi cult to treat,and it is currently exerting tremendous pressure on healthcare systems worldwide.For these reasons,diabetes prevention has become a key target for clinicians,patients and policymakers,and a number of potential strategies are under study.The purpose of this article is fi rst to discuss the defi ciency of current preventing strategies,and the potential role and the advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) to prevent diabetes.Following that,based on observational studies as well as on prospective trials,and with respect to the prevention and treatment of diabetes,the authors,therefore,suggest that the best way to approach prevention is through lifestyle modification guided by TCM theory.And those interventions should include not only herbs,but acupuncture,massage,food therapy and mind-body exercise,and they must examine cost-effectiveness as well.Future studies should also be designed with using such interventions and should be of suff icient duration to differentiate between genuine diabetes prevention as opposed to simple delay or masking of the disease.

Objective To investigate CT stage of carcinoma of gallbladder and its role in preoperative evaluation of surgical resectability.Methods CT staging with reference to current literature was made retrospectively in 80 cases of carcinoma of gallbladder proved pathologically and imaging studies.Surgical resectability was evaluated in combination with surgical and pathological results on different stages of this disease.Results In this group,there were stage Ⅰin 9 cases,stageⅡ in 18 cases,stage Ⅲin 42 cases and stageⅣ in 11 cases.32 cases were radically resected,among them,9 were stage Ⅰ,18 stage Ⅱ and 5 stage Ⅲ.Palliative resection was done on 31 cases;all were stage Ⅲ.Exploratory surgery were done on 9 cases(6 stage Ⅲ and 3 stage Ⅳ),by they were unresectable.8 cases (CT stage Ⅳ on CT)had no surgery,but treated otherwise.Conclusion CT studies and staging of gallbladder carcinoma are conducive to preoperative evaluation of surgical and choice of appropriate treatment planning.

Objective To introduce the methods and the advancements of early diagnosis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder (PCG),and improve the early diagnostic rate of PCG.Methods Recent relevant literatures were reviewed.Results It was difficult in early diagnosis of PCG and with a poor prognosis.Comprehending case history and careful examination and being assisted by multiple imaging methods and molecular biology technology could markedly improve the early diagnostic rate.Conclusion Comprehending the progress will contribute a lot of improving the early diagnostic rate and selecting reasonable clinical methods to be used in early diagnosis of PCG.

Free radicals are extensively existed in aerobic organisms with high reactivity. In cerebral ischemia, free radicals can be generated in excess of cellular antioxidant capacity resulting in severe damage. Hydroxyl radical is one of the most potent and reactive species. It plays a key role in neuronal damage induced by ischemia and reperfu-sion. This review will focus on: possible routes forthe formation of hydroxyl radical during cerebral ischemia; changes of hydroxyl radical contents induced by ischemia; the effect of hydroxyl radical on ischemic neuronal damage; the protective effects of hydroxyl radical scavengers on neuronal damage induced by ischemia.

Objective To discuss the indications for cesarean section in our hospital in recent years.Methods We retrospectively studied the indications for cesarean section of 949 caases in our hospital .Results The average rate of ceasarean section was 34.9%.The order of indications were as following;pregnancy complications(29.6%),relative cephalopelvic monosymmetry(10.6%),breech presentation(10.2%),fetal distress(9.8%),fetal macrosomia(9.2%) and scar uterus(8.9%).The correspondent rate in the diagnosis of fetal macrosomia was 67.5%.The rate of neonatal asphyxia was 6.7%.Conclusion Obstetric medical staff should improve their opinion on the cesarean section and master the indications appropriately.