Previous studies have suggested that glutathione-S-transferase π (GST-π) over-expression in the brain tissue is associated with refractory epilepsy. However, whether the change in GST-π level in the peripheral blood is in line with that in brain tissue remains unknown. This study examined the correlation between GST-π in brain tissue and that in peripheral blood in rat models of pilocarpine-induced refractory epilepsy. The animals were divided into drug-resistant group and drug-responsive group according to the response to anti-epileptic drugs. GST-π expression in brain tissue was immunohistochemically determined, while the expression of GST-π in peripheral blood was analyzed by Western blotting. In the hippocampus and cortex, GST-π was mainly found in the cytoplasm and membrane of neurons, and the GST-π expression level was higher in drug-resistant group than in the drug-responsive group and saline control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between responders and saline control animals (P>0.05). The change in expression of GST-π in peripheral blood showed the same pattern as that in brain tissues, suggesting GST-π might contribute to drug resistance in epilepsy. Importantly, the GST-π over-expression in peripheral blood could be used as a marker for resistance to anti-epileptic agents.

Objective To analyze the effect of intravenous dripping of 3% sodium chloride solution on prevention of diluted hyponatremia during transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TUVP). Methods Eighty-five cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) accompanied with typical lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were divided into two groups during undergoing TUVP operation: the control group(n=38) given Ringer's solution dripping (3ml/min) and the concentrated sodium chloride injection group(n= 47) given 3% sodium chloride solution dripping (2～4ml/min). All of the operations were taken via Wolf electric resection system, and the operation time was≥60 min. The complete blood count and serum electrolyte were determined before operation and 60 minutes after operation beginning, and the data were compared between the two groups. Results The decrease amplitude of serum sodium was obviously smaller in concentrated sodium chloride injection group[(1.45±5.14)mmol/L] than that in the control group[(7.79±6.64) mmol/L] 60 minutes after operation beginning (P<0.05). Conclusions Giving 3% sodium chloride solution by intravenous drip during TUVP may reduce the severity of diluted hyponatremia and postpone the occurrence of hyponatremia, and thereby decrease the risk of transurethral resection syndrome.

Objective To evaluate the procedure of diagnosis and treatment for cystitis glandularis in female. Methods Forty-seven patients were classified into 3 groups randomly after being operated by tuansurethral resection:15 cases without any other therapy(A group), 16 cases with bladder instillation of pirarubicin afterward (B group), 16 cases with bladder instillation of mitomycin afterward (C group). Symptomatic reliof and recurrence were investigated in 1-year follow-up visit. Results Forty-four cases had fulfilled the entire follow-up visit. The effective rates of the three groups were 38.5%,87.5% and 86.7% respectively (X2=13.80,P＜0.01 ), the recurrence rate was 30.8% ,0,13.3% respectively (X2=4.86,P＞0.05).Conclusions The clinical situation of cystitis glandularis has no specificity. Cystisis glandularis has diversification of the clinical symptoms, urodynamics. Transurethral resection with bladder instillation is more effective than transttrethral resection simply, the recurrence rate is lower.

Objective To perform fetal karyotyping by percutaneous umbilical blood sampling guided by color Doppler ultrasonography in fetuses with congenital cardiac anomalies. Methods Fetal blood samples obtained by color Doppler ultrasound-guided cordocentesis in 56 fetuses with cardiac abnormalities detected by fetal echocardiography were taken for karyotyping.Fetuses were monitored post operation. Results The procedures were successfully performed in all cases and no procedure-related complications occurred.Six cases with abnormal karyotypes, 1 trisomy 21,2 trisomy 18,1 trisomy 13,1 trisomy AO and 1 cases 47XYY were identified and pre-operation ultrasonography detected multiple system anomalies besides cardiac anomalies in them. Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography facilitated percutaneous umbilical blood sampling by clear umbilical vein imaging and shortening the operation time.Abnormal karyotypes in fetuses with cardiac anomalies seemed to be related with multiple system anomalies.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize kind of safe and effective iodophor thinner.METHODS:Iodophor solutions in several different solvents were made and diluted 5,10 and 20 times,respectively.Then their microbicidal potentials on 3 standard strains were monitored.RESULTS:The standard strains were all killed within 5 min by iodophor solution in normal sodium or by low multiple diluted iodophor solution in distilled water;however,there were a few Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa still alive within 5 min in high multiple diluted iodophor solution in distilled water.Iodophor solution in tap water failed to kill all the standard strains,especially the Pseudomonas aeruginosa.CONCLUSION:Normal saline solution and distilled water have been proved to be the ideal iodophor thinners.

Objective To observe the effect of Dezocine in preventing the adverse reactions during the operation of cesarean delivery.Methods We selected 60 pregnant women in the ASA level Ⅰ who were going to undergo the operation of cesarean delivery.Then we divided them into two groups in random:group A (studying group) and group B (control group),each group had 30 patients.After the fetus were delivered,the patients in group A were given intravenous injection of 1mg of dezocine,and the patients in group B were only given 1 ml saline.Then we observe the heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the degree of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in seven time points,and analyzed the incidence of contraction pains,chills,nausea and vomiting during the operation in both groups.The time points were when patients entered the operation room (T0),the level of anesthesia was established (T1),5 minutes after fetus were delivered (T2),10 minutes after fetus were delivered (T3),15 minutes after fetus were delivered (T4),30 minutes after fetus were delivered (T5) and the end of operation (T6).Results Compared with group A,the SBP at T2,T3 and T4 were obviously higher than those in group B (P＜0.05).And the HR increased at T2 to T6 in control group (P＜0.05) as compared with group A.The incidence of contraction pains were milder in group A than group B (P＜0.05).In group A,the incidence of chills was13.3％,and in group B,the rate was 30％.Conclusion Dezocine can prevent the adverse reactions during the operation of cesarean delivery.

Objective To evaluate the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on lidocaine-induced apoptosis in dorsal root ganglion cells (DRGCs) of rats in vitro.Methods DRGCs in the logarithmic phase were incubated in culture plates at the density of 2 × 104 cells/cm2 (27 wells in total).DRGCs were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =9 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),lidocaine treatment group (group L) and BMSC treatment group (group B).The DRGCs in group C were incubated routinely without lidocaine,while the DRGCs were incubated for 2 h with lidocaine with the final concentration of 50 mmol/L in L and B groups.The DRGCs were then incubated normally in group L.The DRGCs were then co-cultured with the BMSCs which were incubated in Transwell chambers with the density of 2 × 104 cells/cm2 in group B.DRGCs were collected at 48 h of incubation for detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry.Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in L and B groups (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate was significantly lower in group B than in group L (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion BMSCs can reduce lidocaine-induced apoptosis in DRGCs of rats in vitro,indicating that BMSCs may reduce local anesthetics-produced toxicity to the peripheral nerve.

Objectives To investigate the changes and features of drug resistance in Haemophilus inlfuenzae (Hi) isolated from children with infection diseases in Suzhou. Methods One thousand two hundred and twenty-two Hi strains isolated from clinical specimens were collected from January 2011 to June 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer me-thod, andβ-lactamase was analyzed by chromogenic nitroceifn method. Then strains were divided into four groups according to their speciifc resistance patterns:①β-lactamase positive strains (except for cefuroxime-resistant strains),②β-lactamase negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains,③cefuroxime-resistant strains, and④other resistant strains. Results The resistance of iso-lated Hi from children in Suzhou area to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, cefaclor, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, azithromycin, cefu-roxime, ampicillin/sulbactam was 32.7%, 76.7%, 27.4%, 14.3%, 10.2%, 8.4%, 6.9%and 4.3%, respectively, and the detection rate in four groups was 29.0%, 2.6%, 6.9%, 41.2%, respectively. Multi-resistant strains were mainly distributed in Group①and Group②, accounting for 67.5%and 81.3%of each group. Azithromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol showed high antimicrobial activity against BLNAR and cefuroxime-resistant Hi strains. The positive rate of resistance toβ-lactamase was 30.8%. The rates of resistance to cefuroxime, cefaclor, ampicillin/sulbactam and cotrimoxazole inβ-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant strains are signiifcantly different from those inβ-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains. Conclusions The resistance feature of Hi isolated from children in Suzhou shows signiifcant changes, including new appearance of cefuroxime-resistant strain, a rapid increase in resistance to azithromycin, and a large proportion of multidrug-resistant strains. The rapid increase in BLNAR and the emergence of cefuroxime-resistant strains have become the new resistance pattern of Hi in this area.

Objective To evaluate the effect of B-vitamins(B1,B6,B12)on diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP)in rats.Methods 104 male SD rals weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 13 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ control(group C);group Ⅱ DNP;group Ⅲ DNP+ normal saline(solvent of vitamins,group NS);group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ DNP+vitamin B1 10,33 or 100mg/kg,kg(group B1 10,group B133,group B1 100);group Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅺ DNP+vitamin B6 10,33 or 100 mg/kg(group B6 10,group B633,group B6100);group Ⅹ,Ⅲ,ⅫDNP+vitamin B12 0.5,1.5 or 4.5 mg/kg (group B12 0.5,group B121.5,group B124.5)and group ⅩⅢ DNP+vitamin B1 10/B6 33/B12 1.5 mg/kg(group VBC).Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal(IP) streptozocin mg/kg in group Ⅱ-ⅩⅢ.B-vitamins were give.IP once a day for 14 consecutive days starting from 14 d after IP streptozocin in group Ⅳ-ⅩⅢ.Venous blood samples were taken before(baseline)and 3 d after IP streptozocin for determination of blood glucose level. Successful induction of diabetes was defined as blood glucose > 14.6 mmol/L. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey stimuli (MWT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal nociceptive stimulus (TWL) were measured 2 days before and 14 days after IP streptozocin and on the 1, 3, 7, 14 days of B-vitamin administration. Animals with pain threshold measured at 14 days after IP streptozocin decreasing by less than 15% of the baseline were excluded from the study. The animals were sacrificed after the last pain threshold measurement and L4,5 lumbar segment of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglions (DRG) were removed for determination of p-CREB expression using immuno-histuchemistry. Results MWT was significantly lower and TWL was significantly shorter and the expression of p-CREB was significantly higher in the other groups than in group C. B-vitamin administration significantly reduced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by diabetes and down-regulated the expression of p-CREB in a dose-dependent manner as compared with group DNP. The inhibitory effect of vitamin B complex against thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly stronger and the expression of p-CREB was significantly lower in group VBC as compared with group B110, group B633 and group B121 .5 respectively. Conclusion B-vitamains can attenuate DNP through inhibition of phospberylation of CREB in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in rats. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each) : group Ⅰ normal control (group C); group Ⅱ DNP (group D) ; group Ⅲ DNP+ DMSO (solvent of curcumin) (group DD) and group Ⅳ , Ⅴ , Ⅵ DNP + curcumin 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg ( group DC50, 100, 200 ). Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal (IP) streptozocin 75 mg/kg in group Ⅱ -Ⅵ. Curcumin 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were given IP once a day for 14 consecutive days starting from 14 d after streptozocin in group Ⅳ , Ⅴ and Ⅵ respectively. Venous blood samples were taken before and 72 h after IP streptosocin for determination of blood glucose level. Successful induction of diabetes was defined as blood glucose > 14.6 mmol/L. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey stimuli (MWT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal nociceptive stimulus (TWL) were measured 2 d before and 14 d after IP streptesocin and on the 1, 3, 7, 14 d of curcumin administration. Animals with pain threshold measured at 14 d after IP streptozocin decreasing by less than 15% of the baseline were excluded from the study. The animals were sacrificed after the last pain threshold measurement and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord and p65 was significantly higher in group D than in group C ( P < 0.05). Curcumin administration significantly reduced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by diabetes and down-regulated the expression of p-JNK and horn and DRG.