0.05. CONCLUSIONS Not premixed bacteria fluid groups don't affect the antibiotic susceptibility test of VITEK2 Compact.

The medicinal herbs derived from genus Senecio have been commonly used in Chinese medicine and triggered attention in recent decades for that they contain the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Therefore the botanical pharmacognostic study to authenticate those herbs based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics is important for the assurance of safety when they are applied as raw material for extracts or for finished products. In this paper, 13 taxa (11 species and 2 varieties) of Senecio plants were collected and their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were observed and described by digital microscopic illustration. The results showed that the distribution of collenchyma in the cortex, the level of development for pericycle, the location of the phloem, and the ratio of pith in transverse sections of the stems, and the morphology of the leaf epidermal cells, the stomatal types and the non-glandular hairs in leaf surface view were found to be the main microscopic characteristics for authentication of different Senecio species. The herbs derived from genus Senecio can be distinguished from each other on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, and those observation can be used for the identification of commercial crude drugs from Senecio plants.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular parecoxib for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods Fifty-four ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients,aged 65-75 yr,scheduled for unilateral total knee arthroplasty,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =27 each)∶ tramadol group (group T) and parecoxib group (group P).Total intravenous anesthesia was used in both groups.Group P received intramuscular injection of parecoxib 40 mg at 12 h before operation and 12,24,36,48,60 and 72 h after operation,and group T received tramadol 100 mg at the same time points.When VAS score was more than 3 after operation,intramuscular parecoxib 50 mg was given as rescue analgesic.The ineffective analgesia at rest and during activity was recorded.The time for knee range of motion to reach 90° and cardiovascular events were recorded.The ultrasonic inspection was performed on veins of the bilateral lower extremities at 7 and 14 days after operation for detection of vein thrombosis.Results Compared with T group,the rate of ineffective analgesia at rest and during activity was significantly decreased,the time for knee range of motion to reach 90° was shortened,and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in the incidences of cardiovascular events and intramuscular venous thrombosis in group P (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Parecoxib 40 mg injected intramuscularly before and after operation can significantly relieve postoperative pain,is helpful for the hip function rehabilitation and can reduce the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote repair of brain injuries in animals. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress in intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain. METHODS:A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed to search papers published during January 1999 to January 2014 with the key words of“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, brain injury, transplantation”in English and Chinese. Thirty-eight papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nowadays, many studies have been certified that the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly ameliorate the function of cranial nerve in animal models of brain injury. Many researchers have searched for the transplantation methods and approaches and have made progresses in many aspects. In this article, we compare the different transplantation ways of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain. We focus on the intranasal transplantation route in the fol owing aspects:processing of the nasal mucosa;delivery route to the brain;labeling and intracranial observation of stem cells;animal experiments. We conclude that the intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain has a wide clinical application as a noninvasive transplantation.

Objective Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at risk to develop Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM2).The aim of this study is to compare the effect of three diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of GDM.Methods 2864 pregnant women receiving obstetric care at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation at Peking University First Hospital,underwent the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test for routine GDM screening.The pregnancies were evaluated bythe American Diabetes Association (ADA 2004) Cuideline,the new criteria which was proposed by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG 2010) based on the HAPO study,not by the criteria of American College of Obstetricians and Chinese Obstetrics and Gynecology (6th edition 2005).Venous plasma glucose was measured by the IDMS-traceable glucose oxidase method.Results The mean age of the women was 30 years.590 women were diagnosed with GDM using the IADPSG criteria.According to the IADPSG standard,GDM diagnostic rate reached 20.6％.The diagnostic rate of new criteria was increased by 307％ and 199％ compared with the Chinese Obstetrics and Gynaecology (6th edition) and the old ADA standard,respectively.If increasing the number of abnormal glucose values in the IADPS standard to 2 or more,the number of positive cases dropped to 227 people.The diagnostic rate of GDM plummeted to 7.93％,similar with that of the old ADA diagnostic criteria (6.8％).Conclusions The diagnosis rate of GDM was significantly higher using the IADPSG criteria,due to more stringent glucose abnormality recommended by the IADPSG.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae car-bapenemase(KPC)-producing Escherichia coli(E. coli)strains isolated in Hangzhou,China. Methods A total of 25 KPC-producing Escherichia coli strains were collected from four hospitals in Hangzhou from July 2012 to January 2014. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates to 22 common antimicrobial agents was deter-mined by using Kirby-Bauer(K-B)disk diffusion method. PCR analysis and gene sequencing were used for bla KPC gene screening. The modified Hodge test was performed to detect the production of carbapenemase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and multi-locus sequence typing(MLST)were used for homology analysis. Results All of the 25 clinical isolates were confirmed to be KPC-producing E. coli strains,harbo-ring the blaKPC-2 gene. These KPC-producing isolates showed high drug resistance rates and were resistant to almost all β-lactam antibiotics. PFGE typing classified the 25 isolates into three main homologous clone groups,including clone group A(4 isolates),clone group B(5 isolates)and clone group C(2 isolates), and some single clones(14 isolates). MLST typing classified the isolates into eight ST types,including ST131(14 isolates),ST167(3 isolates),ST2003(3 isolates),ST410(1 isolate),ST457(1 isolate), ST1463(1 isolate),STnew1(1 isolate)and STnew2(1 isolate). The typing results of PFGE and MLST were consistent with each other. Conclusion The prevalent KPC-producing E. coli strains in Hangzhou, China were ST131 type,which were resistant to multiple antibiotics and had been detected in several hospi-tals. The epidemic of KPC-producing E. coli strain often occurred at some special wards,such as Intensive Care Unit(ICU)and emergency ICU.

Objective To investigate the correlations between miRNA and mRNA ( the regulatory effects of miRNA) in a rat model of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)/ethanol induced ulcerative colitis ( UC) .Methods TNBS and ethanol were used to induce the development of UC in rats .After the modeling procedure and oral administration of normal saline ( NS) for 14 days, rats from the control and model groups were dissected to collect the samples of colonic mucosa .General and histological evaluations were performed to validate the modeling of UC .The expression of miRNA was profiled using miRNA microarray .The target miRNAs that were closely related to the pathogenesis of UC were selected out according to the results of mi -croarray and related literatures .RT-PCR was performed to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs .The mirWalk database was used to predict the target genes of miRNAs .In order to verify whether the predicted results were in accordance with the actual results , the microarray technology was used for mRNA expression profiling .The genes that showed interactions with those miRNAs were screened out .The David database was used for gene annotation .An interaction net between miRNA and mRNA was formed .Results General and histological manifestation of colon tissue samples from the model group were in accordance with the features of UC.Sixty-eight miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed in rats from the model group and the control group (fold change>2, P<0.05, expression mean>7).Six candidate miRNAs were selected as hav-ing close relations to the pathogenesis of UC referring to reported literatures , the expression of which was checked and verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Compared with the control group, 4 miRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-126a-3p and miR-21-5p) were up-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05) and 2 miRNAs (miR-200b-3p and miR-145-5p) were down-regulated (P<0.01) in rats with TNBS/ethanol induced UC.Four mRNAs (IL-6, Ccl5, Mapk3 and Smad7) that interacted with the 6 miRNAs were identified based on the results of target gene prediction of the above 6 miRNAs and gene expression pro-filing.The David database was used to annotate the interactions for elucidating their significance in the path -ogenesis of UC .Conclusion A miRNA can regulate many signaling pathways and a signaling pathway can also be regulated by many miRNAs .Therefore , simply inhibiting certain pathways may not radically stop the process of inflammation .Studying the functions of miRNAs and elucidating the correlations between miRNA and mRNA might fundamentally inhibit the development of UC .

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of Cr measurement value from commonly used homogenous detection systems,to investigate the variation among different systems and the corresponding bias of eGFR.Methods According to the CLSI EP14-A2 protocol,commutability of LN24 was validated among 10 enzymatic assays and 1 picrate assay.LN24 included 6 vials of solution with Cr values assigned by IDMS at NIST,and concentrations of Cr for each vial were 68.1,126.9,185.7,244.5,303.2 and 361.9μmol/L LN24 was used to evaluate the accuracy of the included systems and the variation among them,and the assigned values were taken as the target values.eGFR were calculated by MDRD equation using IDMStraced picrate Cr and CKD-EPI equation using enzymatic Cr.Results Commutability was exist among the 11 systems for LN24 detection.Four systems showed bias ＜ 4.4 μmol/L at each level of LN24,two system showed bias ＞4.4 μmol/L at each level of LN24,one system showed a fixed negative bias( -4.2 ±0.7)μ mol/L,the other 4 systems showed diverse bias at different levels.Cr-bias-caused eGFR bias could reach 14.9 ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2) -1 at Cr level of 68.1 μmol/L SD among systems ascended with Cr level (2.6 -6.1 μmol/L) ;CV among systems descended with Cr level(4.0％ - 1.7％ ) ;After the 2 systems with obvious negative bias were removed,SD,CV among systems and eGFR bias decreased obviously.By measuring fresh serum,it was found that Cr bias among enzymatic systems was mostly ＜ 10 μmol/L;that between enzymatic assays and picrate assay was much diffused(from - 15 to 20 μmol/L).When Cr ＜ 100μmol/L,the eGFR difference between result of MDRD equation and that of CKD-EPI equation ranged from - 18 to 40 ml · min-1 (1.73 m2) -1.Conclusions Some enzymatic systems show good accuracy.Difference of Cr value is relatively fixed among enzymatic systems,and comparability can be reached through mathematic way.Un-acceptable difference between picrate assay and enzymatic assays still exists,thus comparability cannot be reached through mathematic way.At low Cr level,bias of Cr and using different equations may lead to significant bias of eGFR.We recommend that clinical laboratory should pay much attention to the accuracy and comparability at low level of Cr,and use uniform equation to calculate eGFR.