Estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) is important for diagnosis and staging of chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) , disease risk evaluation and prediction of prognosis , precise dosing and public health management .Automatic reporting eGFR when creatinine and/or cystatin C is measured could improve the quality of service of clinical laboratory .Here we discussed the clinical significance of automatic reporting of eGFR , the status of automatic reporting of eGFR at home and abroad , and matters needing attention when eGFR was reported by clinical laboratory .Wish eGFR to play a better role in clinical practice .

Objective Urine type IV collagen has been recognized as an early sensitive marker for diabetic nephropathy. For quality assurance in clinical use, the function was initially evaluated as a one-step ELISA of sandwich method, and the reference intervals were established and the pre-analytical and influential factors were investigated. Methods ELISA was used to determine the concentration of type Ⅳ collagen in urine. Kit was evaluated on sensitivity, linearity, precision, specificity and recovery rate. Interference factors were also investigated, and a rough reference range was obtained. Pre-analytic factors, such as specimen collection, centrifugation, storage condition and duration, frozen and thawing, even diurnal periodicity, were all included in this test. Results The assay was satisfactory in sensitivity (0.2ng/ml), linearity (0.8-50ng/ml), precision (CV

0.5). Conclusions There is an increasing trend of resistin level in healthy volunteers and patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism in order Resistin also was a positive and an inverse correlation with BMI and resistance index respectively. These results support the hypothesis of Steppan that resistin causes insulin resistance and links obesity to diabetes, and that the high level of resistin in hyperthyroidism can help to explain the phenomenon of its insulin resistance.

Objective To investigate the inserting technique of biliary double stents in treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods 6 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth Ⅳ) were treated by percutaneous transhepatic insertion of biliary stents. Double stents were inserted in each patient. Different inserting methods were adopted acording to the branch angles formed by left and right hepatic ducts. Results The jaundice of all patients alleviated or disappeared obviously after stent implantation. The average difference between post-and pre-operation in the serium total bilirubin level was (104?29) ?mol/L(P

Objective By investigating precision,linearity and accuracy of 9 commonly urine albumin assay systems (8 of immuno-turbidimetric assays and 1 of immuno-nephlometric assay),and comparing the concordance of measurement results,to elucidate the quality of the existing analytical systems.Methods Referring to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP15-A2,two mixed urines with U-Alb levels of 20 mg/L and 200 mg/L were made to validate precision; Referring to CLSI EP14-A2,fourty fresh urines were selected to evaluate matrix effect of saline diluted European Reference Materials (ERM) DA 470 and saline diluted urine,also to reflect the variation of measurement results among systems; Referring to EP6-A,saline diluted urines (10 levels) were made to validate linearity; Taking the theoretical concentration of precisely saline-diluted ERM-DA 470 as the target value,accuracy of each assay system was evaluated.Maximal allowable coefficient variation (CV) of ≤ 15％ was taken as the acceptable precision for each assay system,as rccommcnded by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC)-and National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) ; maximum allowable bias of ≤25％ was taken as criteria for accuracy evaluation as used in Proficiency Test (PT) sponsored by College of American Pathologists (CAP).Results At level of micro-albuminuria(20-200 mg/L),all 9 systems total CVs were ≤ 15％ ; No matrix effect or interference were found in saline diluted ERM DA 470 and saline diluted urine.For A,B,E,F,G and I systems,validated linear regions were close to those stated in kit instruction;For C,D and H systems,the lower limits of validated linear region (18.7,3.6 and 12.0 mg/L,respectively) were higher than those stated in kits instruction (0,0.9 and 5.0 mg/L,respectively) ;For B and C systems,the lower limits of validated linear region were close to the upper limits of reference interval stated in kit instruction.When urine albumin was ≤ 12.6 mg/L,A,E,F,G and I systems showed good accuracy,absolute biases at all dilution were below 3 mg/L,D system showed higher positive bias (5.0-14.4 mg/L),B,C and H systems' biases were not evaluated because of high in-batch CV (the CV of B system≥ 18.1％,of C system ≥ 14.5％,of H system ≥ 39.1％); when U-Alb ranged in 25.2-201.0 mg/L,all 8 systems' relative biases were ≤25％,except D systems,which showed an un-acceptable positive bias (15.9％-44.3％).Good concordance among systems' results was present at level of microalbuminuria(20-200 mg/L),with CV among systems ＜ 15％ ;when urine albumin was ＜ 20 mg/L,CV among systems increased as allumin concentration decreased.The main contribution of variation came from B,C and H systems,which lower limits of linearity were relatively high.Conclusions At level of microalbuminuria(20-200 mg/L),except D system,the other 8 systems show good precision and accuracy;at low level of urine albumin(＜20 mg/L,especially ＜ 10 mg/L),precision and accuracy of some systems(B,C and H system) needs to be improved.

Urinary excretion of albumin indicates kidney damage and is recognized as a risk factor for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular disease,resulting a widespread clinical utilization of urine albumin measurement.Considerable inter-method difference has been reported for urine albumin,there are no available reference materials and no reference measurement procedures for urine albumin.This review discusses the clinical utilization of urine albumin in recent years,the principles of existing measurement systems and difference of results among systems,and the current status of work about reference materials and reference measurement procedures.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Smilax Glabra Roxb on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) induced by IL-1 in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Take human umbilical vascular endothelial cells as study subject, use immunofluorescence staining, serum pharmacology of the traditional Chinese medicine and flow cytometer. The level of VCAM-1 is represented by the mean fluorescence intensity. Results IL-1 increases the expression of VCAM-1, the expression of VCAM-1 in group of serum containing drugs is lower than control group. Conclusion Smilax Glabra Roxb can inhibit the effect of IL-1 induced increase of VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs.

Calcium calculi account for about 80% of urolithiasis with high incidence and recurrence rate. Recurrent urolithiasis increases the risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Comprehensive metabolic evaluation is of paramount importance for the prevention of calcium calculi. With deepening of the study on the pathogenesis of calculi, we find crystallization inhibitors, inflammation and oxidative stress molecules play an important role in the formation of calculi, and susceptibility gene sites of urinary calculi are identified in succession. These may be used as novel markers for the prevention and evaluation of urinary calculi. Models that predict the risk of kidney stone recurrence can help warn people at high risk.

BACKGROUND: The involvement of genetic factors in migraine has been under close investigation, and geneiic epidemiological study and segregation analysis have confirmed genetic disposition as an important risk factor for migraine.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the connection between mutations in CACNA1A gene and familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) in southern Chinese Han patients by examining the three most frequently mutated sites in CACN1A gene.DESIGN: Sampled survey.SETTING: First Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University and Baoan Xixiang People's Hospital of Shenzhen City.PARTICIPANTS: All the participants were selected from patients in the above two hospitals and their relatives, including 10 patients with FHM, 12 relatives of the patients in 2 pedigrees, 53 migraine patients with aura without family history, and 10 healthy control subjects.METHODS: The exons 13, 16 and 17 of CACNL1A4 gene were amplified by PCR. Single-strand conformation polymorphism technique was employed to detect the most frequent mutations in the 3 exons (T666M, R583Q and D715E) in these subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of PCR amplification of the 3 exons of CACNL1A4 gene; ② Results of SSCP for mutation analysis of the 3 exons.RESULTS: Participants completed the study. The target fragment length of exons 13, 16 and 17 were 247 bp, 268 bp and 204 bp, respectively.None of mutations of T666M, R583Q and D715E were detected in the subjects, including FHM patients and their relatives, migraine patients without family history and the healthy control subjects.CONCLUSION: None of the 3 most frequent mutations (T666M, R583Q and D715E) can be detected in southern Chinese FHM pedigrees or migraine patients without family history.

Objective:To evaluate the measurement uncertainty in the determination of sodium valproate tablets by GC with an in -ternal standard method , and determine the main sources of uncertainty .Methods:A GC internal standard method was selected to sys-tematically analyze the uncertainty in the determination of sodium valproate tablets , including the sample quantity , dilution ratio, purity and area repeatability of chromatographic peaks .Results: The expanded uncertainty of sodium valproate tablets was 2.7%, and the determination range of sodium valproate tablets was (96.3 ±2.7)%(k=2).Conclusion:The established GC internal standard meth-od for the uncertainty evaluation is reliable , which is helpful to improving the quality evaluation and control of sodium valproate tablets .