Integrity of gut barrier is the foundation of the multiple function of intestinal tract to keep normal.Dietary conditionally essential amino acids are major fuels for the small intestinal mucosa as well as important substrates for syntheses of intestinal proteins,nitric oxide and metabolic products,and are required for maintaining intestinal integrity.The article reviewed recent advances in dietary uses of functional amino acids(including glutamine,glutamate,and arginine) to enhance the gut health and immune status of animals.

Objective To evaluate effect of Qi-ming granule on vision function of patients with mild, moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) .Methods Using the randomized double blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial method.From Oct.2012 to Jun.2014, 36 patients with 68 eyes who included in the standard were randomly divided into treatment group,control group,given Qi-ming gran-ule and placebo respectively for 6 months, exam with mfERG before treatment and after treatment, evaluate the curative effect.Results After 6 months treatment of Qi-ming granule, the implicit time of the 4th ring of the N1 wave about the mfERG was shorter than that of preoperative( P <0.05), the amplitude density was more than both that of preoperative and control group( P <0.01), the amplitude density of the 5th ring increased compared to that of control group;The peak latency of 3 rd ring of P1 wave was shorter than that of control group( P <0.01), the amplitude density of 1st,3rd,5th ring restored compared with that of preopera-tive and control group( P <0.01), the amplitude density of 4th ring improve than that of control group( P<0.01).Conclusions Qi-ming granule can improve the multifocal ERG of patients with mild, moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, restore the vision function.

AIM: To investigate the effects of rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis on delayed rectifier K+currents (IK).METHODS:The retinas of 2~3 d newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were dissociated into cell suspension by trypsin digestion .The RGCs were cultured and divided into control group , pressure 0.5 h group, pressure 1 h group, pressure 1.5 h group and pressure 2 h group.The cells were cultured regularly for 6 d in control group , and the cells in other groups were cultured regularly for 6 d and gave pressure of 80 mmHg for 0.5 h, 1 h, 1.5 h and 2 h, respectively. The rhodamine 123 fluorescence from labeled RGC mitochondrion was detected by continuous wavelength multifunctional microplate detection instrument.The membrane capacitance (Cm) in different groups and IK in the pressure 1 h group were recorded from the RGCs by whole-cell patch-clamp technique .RESULTS:No difference of rhodamine 123 fluorescence in the RGC mitochondria between control group and pressure 0.5 h group was observed .Rhodamine 123 fluorescence in the other 3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).No difference of the Cm between control group and pressure 0.5 h group was found, and the Cm in the other 3 groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The amplitudes of IK were higher than that in control group .At the test potential from -10 mV to 60 mV, the current density in pressure 1 h group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The maximal conduc-tion ( Gmax ) in pressure 1 h group was significantly higher than that in control group .The voltage for IK channel half-activa-tion ( V1/2 ) in pressure 1 h group declined comparison with control group ( P<0.01 ) , and the k value had no significant difference between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION:Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis accompanies with delayed rectifier K +current enhancement .

Objective To evaluate the effect of oxidative injury induced by peroxide oxidase on Klotho expression in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1) and to explore the possible pathway.Methods TCMK-1 cells were exposed to H2O2 of different concentrations.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined byflow cytometrry.Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8.Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining.The expression of Klotho,apoptosis-associated proteins and anti-oxidant enzymes were determined by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group,after H2O2 stimulating TCMK-1 cell,ROS was dramatically elevated (all P ＜ 0.05) and the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes,SOD2 and CAT went down (all P ＜ 0.05);the expression of Klotho was inhibited (all P ＜ 0.05);cell viability of TCMK-1 cells was decreased (all P ＜ 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner (0.3 to 0.9 mmol/L);cell apoptosis was significantly increased in TCMK-1 cells following the concentration of H2O2 (all P ＜ 0.05);Bax/Bcl-2 and the phosphororation of JNK and p38 were obviously elevated in TCMK-1 by H2O2 induction (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Oxidative injuries induced by H2O2 significantly suppresses the expression of Klotho in TCMK-1 cells.And cell apoptosis was increased,p38 and JNK pathway was activated.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofTiaozhong YifeiPrescription combined with Western therapy for treatment of cough variant asthma (CVA) remission. Methods Totally 90 patients with CVA remission were randomly divided into TCM group, Western therapy group and TCM and Western therapy group, 30 cases in each group. TCM group was givenTiaozhong YifeiPrescription, 1 dose per day, morning and evening; Western therapy group was given salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation, each 1 suction, 2 times a day, inhalation; a mixture ofTiaozhong YifeiPrescription and xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation was given to TCM and Western therapy group, the same as above, continuous treatment for 12 weeks. TCM syndrome score, EOS, IgE, pulmonary function and safety index were observed in the three groups before and after treatment. The recurrence rate and the number of colds after three-month treatment were observed.Results TCM syndrome scores in the three groups decreased after treatment (P<0.05). There was statistical significance between TCM group and TCM and Western therapy group after treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate of TCM group was 96.67% (29/30), 100.00% (30/30) of Western therapy group, 76.67% (23/30) of TCM and Western therapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After three-month treatment, 1, 0 and 11 cases relapsed in TCM group, TCM and Western therapy group and Western therapy group, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.001). Compared with the Western therapy group, the number of colds in the TCM group and TCM and Western therapy group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, IgE decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in EOS among the three groups before and after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the maximum expiratory flow in TCM and Western therapy groupwas higher than that before treatment and lower than that in the Western therapy group (P<0.01), and the other lung function indexes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). 1 mild adverse reaction was found in the TCM and Western therapy, and no obvious adverse reactions were found in other groups (P<0.05).ConclusionTiaozhong Yifei Prescription has good clinical efficacy for CVA.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the interaction between BCL2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5) and Parkin protein,and the regulatory mechanism of BAG5 protein on the level of Parkin protein. METHODS: We performed GST pull-down assay to identify which domain of PINK1 interacted with Parkin, and generated different deletions of BAG5 to identify the domains. Chase time experiment was done to determine the effect of co-regulation of BAG5 protein on the ubiquitination. We further examined the possible interaction between Parkin and PINK1 in 293A cells by co-immunoprecipitation method. RESULTS: BAG5 directly interacted with the Parkin, and all the 4 BAG domains interacted with the Parkin. BAG5 stabilized the Parkin by interfering its degradation via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway. CONCLUSION BAG5 directly interacts with the Parkin, and BAG5 stabilizes the Parkin via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitination

Objective:To investigate the job stress of specialist nurses in the Operating Room, and analyze the correlation among job stress, job burnout and organizational commitment based on the job demand-control model.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, using random cluster sampling to select 377 specialist nurses in the Operating Room in Beijing from March to June 2017. The Job Content Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey-Chinese Version and Organizational Commitment Scale were used to investigate the job stress, job burnout and organizational commitment of specialist nurses in the Operating Room. AMOS 22.0 software was used to verify the relationship between the three.Results:Finally, data of 243 specialist nurses in the Operating Room from 30 ClassⅢ hospitals in Beijing was collected. The job demand score was (37.47±4.16) , and the lowest was 28, and the highest was 48; the job control score was (61.25±8.49) , and the lowest was 30, and the highest was 84; the job stress score was (34.21±11.05) , and the lowest was 12.96, and the highest was 81.33; the comprehensive score of job burnout was (3.36±1.26) , and the lowest was 0.9, and the highest was 6.0; the organizational commitment score was (3.66±0.91) , and the lowest was 1.33, and the highest was 5.00. Correlation analysis showed that the job stress of specialist nurses in Operating Room was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization ( r=0.475, 0.392; P<0.01) , and negatively correlated with organizational commitment ( r=-0.423, P<0.01) ; the organizational commitment of the specialist nurses in Operating Room was negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization ( r=-0.418, -0.519; P<0.01) . The results of mediating effect analysis showed that job stress could directly affect organizational commitment ( r=-0.222) , and could indirectly affect organizational commitment through job burnout ( r=-0.201) , and the indirect effect accounted for 47.5% of the total effect. The hypothetical model matched the data well, and the model could explain 34.9% of the organizational commitment variation. Conclusions:Specialist nurses in the Operating Room have high levels of job stress and job burnout. The lower the level of organizational commitment, the higher the job stress, and the higher the level of job burnout, and the lower the level of organizational commitment. It is reminded that nursing managers should set up specialist nurse positions, clarify responsibilities, rights, and benefits, and give sufficient authorization and time to relieve the job stress of specialist nurses in the Operating Room, and to reduce job burnout and improve organizational commitment.

To optimize the electroporation system in Dunaliella salina (D. salina), we studied the effects of growth phase of cells, electric parameters, electroporation buffer and concentration of plasmid on transformation efficiency. The results showed that a transformation efficiency of 1.81 per thousand was achieved in D. salina cells at mid-log growth phase electroporated with plasmid (DCA-bar) 10 microg/mL, voltage 0.8 kV and capacitance 25 microF. However, when glycerol was added to electroporation buffer at a final concentration of 0.4 mol/L, the transformation efficiency was increased up to 2.03 per thousand. Additionally, transformation was done with plasmids DCA-bar, NR-bar, pUomega-bar respectively, under above optimum conditions, and similar transformation efficiencies were obtained. The findings indicate that an efficient and stable system of electroporation in D. salina has been developed, providing a powerful tool for the transgenic research of D. salina.
Chlorophyta ; cytology ; genetics ; Culture Media ; Electroporation ; Organisms, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Transformation, Genetic ; genetics

Objective:To investigate the role and influencing factors of case design in PBL teaching.Methods:Thirty-two six-year-program undergraduates from the Department of Medicine of Peking University in batch 2014 and batch 2015 were selected as the subjects. PBL teaching was used in the practice class of experimental diagnostics. The feedback effects of four times PBL courses were analyzed by collecting questionnaires for teachers, students, and supervisors. The data obtained from the five-point questionnaire and the question-and-answer questionnaire were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and statistics respectively. Then the problems in case preparation process are discussed and the experience of case design is summarized. SPSS 13.0 was used in this study.Results:The 5-point questionnaire showed that the average score of anemia PBL course was the highest among students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation of teachers and students (4.84 points, 4.79 points), with statistical significance compared with other courses ( P<0.05). The question-and-answer questionnaire survey showed that 93.75% of the students generally agreed with the teaching model of anemia cases; 78.13% and 59.38% of the students believed that it was difficult to set up cases of infection and coagulation, which affected the classroom effect; and 50% of the supervisors thinked that the students' level should be taken into account in case design and oral expression should be avoided. Conclusion:Case design is the key to PBL teaching. Summarizing the experience of case design can lay a good foundation for the establishment of PBL teaching database.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the classification of cardiac amyloidosis on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and heart allograft. Methods: Twenty cardiac tissues from 19 patients at Fuwai Hospital from January, 1990 to April, 2017 with histopathologic features of amyloidosis and Congo red staining positivity were included. IHC was performed with monoclonal antibodies against AA amyloid and polyclonal antibodies against transthyretin (ATTR), λ-light chain (AL-λ), κ-light chain (AL-κ), ApoAⅠ, ApoAⅡ, ApoA Ⅳ and β₂-microglobin. The extent of interstitial staining was evaluated by light microscopy, and three patterns were recognized; these included diffuse pericellular pattern, discrete pericellular pattern, and nodular pattern. Two patterns of vascular deposition were also noted, including arterial pattern and venous pattern. Endocardial involvement was also assessed and recorded. Results: Nineteen cases were divided into three groups according to the pattern of proteins expression in specimens. The first group (5 cases) only showed single protein expression on EMB. The second group (6 cases) showed more than one protein expression, but one of them was intensely stained or any staining of any protein together with ApoA Ⅳ co-staining. The third group (8 cases) also showed more than one protein expression and all of them had intense staining. Amyloid deposits were successfully subtyped as AL-λ, ATTR, AL-κ and ApoAⅠby IHC in the former two groups with the sensitivity of 11/19. In the third group, amyloid deposits could not be subtyped by immunohistochemistry due to their poor specificity. The pericellular pattern tended to favor AL over ATTR amyloidosis and vascular deposition tended to favor ATTR. Conclusions Amyloid deposits can be reliably subtyped in diagnostic cardiac specimens using IHC. The co-deposition of chaperon proteins, the distribution of amyloid proteins and clinical features are also auxiliary to subtype cardiac amyloidosis.