Objective To observe the changes of whole brain function in idiopathic generalized epilepsy(IGE).Methods Three-dimensional structure scan and resting-state functional scan were performed in 23 cases of IGE patients and 23 health controls at 3.0T super-conducting MRI scanner.Brain functional analysis by fALFF and ReHo methods were obtained and the changes of brain areas were compared.Correlation analysis between different brain regions of IGE patients with the course of disease were performed.Results Compared with normal controls,IGE group showed increasd fALFF in the bilateral precentral gyrus,left supplementary motor area, left cingulate gyrus,left paracentral lobule,left superior occipital gyrus,left calcarine cortex,left middle occipital gyrus and right precuneus;decreased fALFF in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus,right parahippocampa gyrus,right insula,right precuneus and left inferior parietal lobule(P<0.005).IGE group showed increasd ReHo in the left calcarine cortex,left superior parietal lobule, left postcentral gyrus,right precentral gyrus;decreased ReHo in the right fusiform gyrus,left lentiform nucleus,right inferior frontal gyrus,right superior medial frontal gyrus,left middle occiptal gyrus,right insula and bilateral inferior parietal lobule(P<0.005). These different brain regions in fALFF and ReHo results for IGE patients were no correlated with the course of disease.Conclusion IGE patients having wide range of brain areas with abnormal changes in function is the basis of the IGE complex clinical manifestations of the nerve.Combined application of two analysis methods of RS-fMRI can evaluate the change of brain function more comprehensively, and provide functional neuroanatomical evidence for the researches on neuro pathogenesis mechanism of IGE.

Objective To assess the efficiency of central urban and rural hospitals in the 7 cities, counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou City and the status of the medical markets so as to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of decentralized medical markets. Methods On the basis of defining the scope of a medical market, the HHI values of the medical markets in places where 37 hospitals in Hangzhou were located was calculated, the average efficiency of the various hospitals was measured by means of DEA, and an analysis was made on the correlation between the average efficiency and the HHI values. Results The central urban and rural medical markets in the various places surveyed, whose HHI values were all greater than 1 800, belonged to markets of monopolistic competition. Of the 37 hospitals, there were 11 whose relative efficiency reached 100% and another 11 whose relative efficiency was less than 60%. The greater the monopoly of a medical market, the lower the average efficiency of its hospitals. Conclusion Establishing competitive markets with low market concentration is an effective way of enhancing overall hospital efficiency.

Objective The attempts was made to compare the results of a quadruple-strand semi-tendinosus tendon versus patellar tendon reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament by arthroscopy in chronic complete anterior cruciate ligament injury.Methods60patients were enrolled in a prospective,ran-domized,controlled study.30patients underwent reconstruction with a quadruple-strand semitendinosus tendon autograft,30patients were treated with a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.The surgery was car-ried out in an alternating sequence with two autograft constructed materials.At the time of arthoscopy,the knee was examined totally,associated joint pathology was documented,and irreparably torn meniscal frag-ments were removed.60patients were followed up14to30months after operation,and evaluated in terms of the clinical test findings,the activity level,the functional status in daily activities,the range of motion,the stability of the knee,the level of return to sports and the patellofemoral crepitus at final follow-up.Results The objective outcome of replacement with a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was identical to that obtained with a quadruple-strand semitendinosus tendon graft.The stability of the knee in the quadrupled-strand semitendinosus reconstruction was equal with that in the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.The return to sport was more frequent in the quadrupled-strand semitendinosus group comparing with in the bone-patellar tendon-bone group,there was80%and73%in each group respectively with no significant difference.A mild loss(≤3?)of knee extension was more frequent in the patellar tendon group than that in the quadru-pled-strand semitendinosus group,there was40%and6%in each group respectively,the difference was sig-nificant statistically.KT-2000arthrometer side-to-side difference of anterior displancement was13%versus20%in the quadrupled-strand semitendinosus group and patellar tendon group at133.4N.Patellofemoral crepitus was6%and17%in the quadrupled-stranded semitendinosus group and patellar tendon group re-spectively.Conclusion In a chronic complete injury of anterior cruciate ligament,the clinical results of re-construction with a quadrupled-strand semitendinosus tendon or patellar tendon by arthroscopy were satis-factory without significant differences between the two operative procedures.

AIM: To investigate expression of CD44s in lung cancer and it's clinical significance. METHODS: A total of 117 primary lung cancer from patients were examined for CD44s expression by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: CD44s mostly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but not in small ecll lung cancer (SCLC), and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) showed much stronger expression of CD44s than adenocarcinoma(ADC)(P

By establishing a series of Dynamic Cervical Implants (DCI) within C5-C6 cervical spinal segments, the biomechanical finite element analysis for DCI with different width and thickness were carried out to investigate the influence of the width and thickness of DCI's curved section on its equivalent stress and range of motion (ROM), so as to provide some theoretical basis for the optimization of DCI's design. The results show that the width of DCI's curved section has more obvious influence on the ROM of lateral bending and torsion, in comparison with the thickness of DCI's curved section. By appropriate reduction in width, the ROMs of lateral bending and torsion increase obviously, i.e. the overall movement function of patients is improved. Furthermore, the increase of equivalent stress could be counteracted by corresponding increase of thickness.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Movement ; Neck ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Design ; Range of Motion, Articular

Objective:To study the effects of an unique anti-inflammatory herbal preparation Zyflamend(ZF)on 7,12-dimethyl-benz anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in golden Syrian hamsters.Methods:10 hamsters were used as the blank controls.106 hamsters were treated topically on the left cheek pouch with 0.5% DMBA solution,3 times per week for 6 weeks. Then the hamsters in positive control group(n =40)were not treated afterwards,in the other 2 groups were treated by topically ap-plication of ZF of original solution(high dose,n =33)and 1 ∶1 dilution(low dose,n =33)respectively.Hamsters were sacrificed at the 24th week and tissue samples of the left cheek pouch were obtained for the examination of tumor incidence,histopathology and BrdU immunohistochemisty.Results:Gross inspection showed that the incidences of the tumor in positive,low dose and high dose groups were 86.7%,53.6%(P <0.01 )and 50.0%(P <0.01 ),histopathological examination showed that the tumor incidences were 86.7%,78.6% and 64.3%,respectively(P <0.05).High dose of ZF significantly decreased the incidence of hyperplasia , dysplasia and cancer(P <0.05);decreased BrdU-labeling index(P <0.05).Conclusion:Zyflamend may inhibit DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis and such prevention may be related to the effect of the suppression of cell proliferation.

An inner-bioreactor rapid filtration sampling probe was designed to resolve the problems of continuous sampling the fermentation broth in on-line measurement the fermentation process. The probe consists of a support, a plug valve, an O-ring, a filter membrane and a pipe cover. It can be inserted directly into the bio-reactor withstanding high-temperature sterilization before fermentation, or preventing the bacteria's invasion during sampling. Fermentation broth in tank is cross-flow filtrated by a cylindrical ceramic membrane which is used as filtration membrane, and then the sterile permeated liquid is transported to the analyzer by a peristaltic pump. The sampling experiments using this device was described for sampling glucose solution indicating it is suitable for fermentation online sampling. The sampling rate is up to 3. 0 mL/ min, glucose permeability maintains 100% , and the delay time caused by the probe is about 2 min.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that dibutyl phthalate has certain toxicity to the reproductive system of male animals.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of dibutyl phthalate on secretion of rat ovarian granulose cells. METHODS:Ovarian granulosa cells from 25-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in vitro and exposed to different concentrations of dibutyl phthalate (0, 5, 20, 80μmol/L) for 24 hours. Estradiol and progesterone in ovarian granulosa cells were measured by the method of radio-immunity. Expression of the cytochrome P450aromatase and P450 side chain cleavage enzyme mRNA in granulosa cells were examined by real-time PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of estradiol and progesterone in granulosa cells decreased after exposure to dibutyl phthalate. With the increase of the dibutyl phthalate concentration, the expression of
P450arom and P450scc mRNA decreased gradual y. Dibutyl phthalate could induce reproductive dysfunction and toxicity to female rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tat-NBD(NEMO-binding domain,NBD)peptide on LPS-stimulated AR42J acinus cells inflammatory response.Method Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was added to culture media at doses of 10 mg/kg for 24 hours to stimulate the AR42J cells.For pretreatment.cells were incubated with different peptides for 2 hours before LPS stimulation.The expression of TNF-α mRNA WaS conducted using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.TNF-α protein in culture medium were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression and translocation of the NF-kB-p65 protein of AR42J was determined by Strept Actividin-Biotin Complex(SABC)method.Results LPS(10 mg/L)resulted in an increase of TNF-αmRNA and TNF-αprotein,whereas significant inhibitory effects were observed when cells were incubated with Tat-NBD(WT)just on dose of 0.1 me/L(P＜0.05).The Tat-NBD(WT)peptide decreased inflammatory cytokine expression by a dose-dependent manner and its peak role was on dose of 100 mg/L.Consisting with TNF-α expression decrease,NF-kB-p65 expression signitieantly decreased in Tat-NBD(WT)pretreatment group,especially on the largest dose.NO significant changes in the control peptide group.Conclusions Tat-NBD(WT)peptide can inhibit the inflammation of acinus simulated by LPS.

Objective To investigate the health care workers'(HCWs) knowledge and attitude towards perioperative warming as well as patients' warming status, provide reference for warming in perioperative period and reduce surgical site infection(SSI).Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 198 HCWs in surgical department and operating room as well as 160 patients undergoing operation.HCWs were investigated by referring foreign literatures and designing questionnaires, on-site observation method was used to collect information about warming measures implemented for surgical patients.Results The median (quartile range) of scores of HCWs' knowledge and attitude towards patients' perioperative warming were 9 (2.25) and 25 (1.25) respectively.There was no statistical significance in scores of knowledge and attitude among HCWs with different age, education degree and occupation(all P>0.05).The awareness rates of hypothermia, active warming, and passive warming modes were 21.21%, 43.94%, and 30.81% respectively.80.30%, 89.90%, and 86.36% of HCWs thought that it was essential to keep warming before, during and after surgery.68.13% of surgical patients were warmed by covering cotton quilt and shoulder pad during operation.Conclusion HCWs hold positive attitude towards perioperative warming, but they lack sufficient knowledge about perioperative warming, it is necessary to improve facilities of perioperative warming.