Sennoside A (SA), a typical prodrug, exerts its laxative effect only after its transformation into rheinanthrone catalyzed by gut microbial hydrolases and reductases. Hydrolases have been identified, but reductases remain unknown. By linking a photoreactive group to the SA scaffold, we synthesized a photoaffinity probe to covalently label SA reductases and identified SA reductases using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). From lysates of an active strain, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (B. pseudocatenulatum), 397 proteins were enriched and subsequently identified using mass spectrometry (MS). Among these proteins, chromate reductase/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) phosphate (NADPH)-dependent flavin mononucleotide (FMN) reductase/oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase (nfrA) was identified as a potent SA reductase through further bioinformatic analysis and The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) database screening. We also determined that recombinant nfrA could reduce SA. Our study contributes to further illuminating mechanisms of SA transformation to rheinanthrone and simultaneously offers an effective method to identify gut bacterial reductases.

Irreversible pulpitis is characterized by inflammation of the pulp, leading to secondary interstitial hypertension and blood circulation disorders. This study explores the development of one-way membrane decompression to alleviate interstitial hypertension in the inflamed pulp and prevent the invasion of oral microorganisms into the pulp tissue. Additionally, this technique aims to improve the microcirculation of the pulp tissue by consistently reducing the pressure within the pulp cavity. Once the inflamed pulp tissue is restored, permanent crown filling can be performed. In this paper, we present a case study involving a patient with irreversible pulpitis who underwent vital pulp treatment using the one-way decompressed membrane. A four-year follow-up evaluation revealed satisfactory outcomes.

Objective To explore the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine's five-element music therapy com-bined with individualized emotional counseling intervention in patients with autoimmune liver disease of liver de-pression and spleen deficiency type.Methods 74 patients with autoimmune liver disease of liver depression and spleen deficiency type who were admitted to the hepatology department of a tertiary hospital from January 2021 to February 2022 were selected as research subjects,and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group by a random number table with 37 cases in each group.The control group was given routine treatment and nursing care,as well as Traditional Chinese Medicine's emotional nursing.The experimental group received Tradi-tional Chinese Medicine's five-element music therapy combined with individualized emotional counseling intervention on the basis of routine treatment and nursing care,with an intervention period of 4 weeks.The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHQ-9)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were used to evaluate patients within 24 hours after admission and after 4 weeks of intervention.Results A total of 72 patients completed the study,with 36 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group.Before and after intervention,the scores of GAD-7,PHQ-9,and PSQI in the experimental group were compared,and the dif-ferences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).After the intervention,the GAD-7 score in the experimental group was(7.89±3.15),which was lower than(10.14±4.41)in the control group.The PHQ-9 score was(12.33±4.08)in the ex-perimental group,which was lower than(14.64±5.34)in the control group.The PSQI score was(12.39±3.06)points,which was lower than(14.22±3.37)in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of Traditional Chinese Medicine's five-element music therapy combined with individual-ized emotional guidance intervention can effectively improve the sleep quality and help alleviate negative emotions in patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency type of autoimmune liver disease.

The comprehensive detection and identification of active ingredients in complex matrices is a crucial challenge.Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)is the most prominent analytical platform for the exploration of novel active compounds from complex matrices.However,the LC-HRMS-based analysis workflow suffers from several bottleneck issues,such as trace content of target compounds,limited acquisition for fragment information,and uncertainty in interpreting relevant MS2 spectra.Lycibarbarspermidines are vital antioxidant active ingredients in Lycii Fructus,while the reported structures are merely focused on dicaffeoylspermidines due to their low content.To comprehensively detect the new structures of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives,a"depict"strategy was developed in this study.First,potential new lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were designed according to the biosynthetic pathway,and a comprehensive database was established,which enlarged the coverage of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives.Second,the polarity-oriented sample prep-aration of potential new compounds increased the concentration of the target compounds.Third,the construction of the molecular network based on the fragmentation pathway of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives broadened the comprehensiveness of identification.Finally,the weak response signals were captured by data-dependent scanning(DDA)followed by parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and the efficiency of acquiring MS2 fragment ions of target compounds was significantly improved.Based on the integrated strategy above,210 lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were detected and identified from Lycii Fructus,and in particular,170 potential new compounds were structurally characterized.The integrated strategy improved the sensitivity of detection and the coverage of low-response components,and it is expected to be a promising pipeline for discovering new compounds.

Liver fibrosis is a key step in the progression of chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer. In recent years， a large number of studies have shown the necessity of intervening in the process of liver fibrosis， and various anti-liver fibrosis drugs and active ingredients have been discovered. Non-coding RNAs also play an important role in the process of liver fibrosis， and searching for upstream non-coding RNAs that can regulate signaling pathways can provide new insights for anti-liver fibrosis treatment. This article introduces the process of liver fibrosis mediated by the TGF-β， Wnt/β-catenin， PI3K/Akt/mTOR， NF-κβ， Hippo， and MAPK signaling pathways， lists the latest anti-liver fibrosis drugs or active components in each signaling pathway， and summarizes the research advances in anti-liver fibrosis targets and drugs mediated by related non-coding RNAs， so as to provide new research ideas and treatment methods for anti-liver fibrosis treatment.

AIM: To explore the pharmacokinetic interactions between sorafenib and dapagliflozin in rats and to provide some theoretical basis for the rational clinical use of the two drugs. METHODS: An ultra -performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC / MS / MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sorafenib and dapagliflozin. Male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 rats in each group), including 100 mg / kg sorafenib group, 0.5 mg / kg dapagliflozin group, 1 mg / kg dapagliflozin group, and 100 mg/kg sorafenib combined with 0.5 mg/kg dapagliflozin group and 100 mg/kg sorafenib combined with 1 mg / kg dapagliflozin group, for sorafenib and dapagliflozin drug interaction study. All samples were analyzed using a validated UPLC/ MS/MS method, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by compartment model. RESULTS: 1 mg/kg dapagliflozin increased the C

Palbocicril, the first cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors, is a crucial milestone in the development history of antineoplastic drugs. It combined with aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant as first-line, second-line or post-line therapy has good efficacy and safety for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, which has a good application prospect. This article summarizes the clinical trials and safety studies related to palbociclib.

Objective:To investigate the effect of problem-oriented nursing intervention in the self-management rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 128 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing PCI operation in Changzhou Second People′s Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 64 cases in each group. The control group was given routine self-management intervention, and the observation group was given problem-oriented self-management intervention. After 6 months of intervention, the indicators of self-management ability, cardiac function, and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:After 6 months of intervention, the observation group actually completed 58 cases, and the control group actually completed 62 cases. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the scores of coronary self-management ability scale, cardiac function index and Seattle Angina Questionnaire ( P>0.05). Six months after intervention, the scores of disease knowledge management, symptom management, first aid management, daily life management, bad addiction management, treatment compliance, and self-management ability in the observation group were 16.34 ± 2.36, 13.36 ± 2.42, 12.26 ± 2.23, 17.45 ± 2.74, 16.52 ± 2.45, 12.16 ± 2.15, 103.54 ± 14.32, which were significant higher than those of in the control group, 14.32 ± 2.45, 12.45 ± 2.23, 10.75 ± 2.32, 16.05 ± 2.45, 15.24 ± 2.53, 10.36 ± 2.24, 94.09 ± 13.36 ( t=2.14-4.59, all P<0.05). After six months of intervention, the left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD) were (34.39 ± 6.75) mm and (52.60 ± 6.31) mm, which were significant lower than those of the control group, (38.56 ± 6.52) mm and (55.79 ± 5.74) mm ( t=3.52 and 2.90, both P<0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular short-axis shortening rate (FS) in the observation group after 6 months intervention were (44.25 ± 3.65)% and (23.86 ± 2.41)%, which were significant higher than those of in the control group, (39.24 ± 3.52)% and (22.26 ± 2.51)%( t=7.65 and 3.56, both P<0.05). Six months after the intervention, the scores of the degree of body limitation, angina pectoris, stable angina pectoris attack degree, treatment satisfaction, disease cognition degree, quality of life score in the observation group were 73.09 ± 8.13, 68.21 ± 10.15, 74.10 ± 4.45, 79.36 ± 8.21, 76.53 ± 9.43, 72.26 ± 9.12, which were significant higher than those of in the control group, 64.15 ± 8.11, 59.38 ± 10.23, 63.51 ± 5.23, 62.45 ± 8.16, 67.68 ± 9.20, 63.44 ± 8.65 ( t=4.74-11.91, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Problem-oriented nursing intervention is helpful to promote the development of self-management ability of patients with coronary heart disease after PCI, promote the recovery of postoperative cardiac function, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of chronic diseases in Xilinguole League, Inner Mongolia, and its risk factors in 2017, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the residents in Xianghuangqi area of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia. Epidate 3.1 was used for data entry, and SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The average age of the subjects was 46.2 ± 11.2 years old, and the prevalence of chronic diseases was 25.26%. The prevalence of hypertension ranks first at 18.56%; the prevalence of women is slightly higher than that of men (χ²=0.968, p<0.05); the difference in prevalence among different ethnic groups is statistically significant (χ²=1447.730, p<0.01); The prevalence of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers (χ²=7.790, p＜0.05); the prevalence of age increases (χ²_trend=137.214, p＜0.01); the prevalence of higher education shows a downward trend (χ²_trend=84.258, p＜0.01); the prevalence of BMI increases showed an upward trend (χ²_trend=31.956, p＜0.01). Smoking is a risk factor for chronic diseases (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01~1.76); age is a risk factor for chronic diseases, and the prevalence is significantly higher in the age group >69 (OR: 9.11, 95% CI: 2.78~29.78); Education level is a protective factor for chronic diseases. The prevalence of college degree and above is lower than that of illiteracy (OR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.07~0.36); residents with BMI> 28 have the highest risk of disease (OR: 2.94, 95%CI: 1.36) ~6.32). Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases of residents in Xianghuang Banner of Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia should not be ignored. The prevalence of chronic diseases of Mongolian residents is higher than that of Han people. Therefore, it is necessary to change their living and eating habits and improve their awareness of prevention so as to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases.

Objective : To investigate the awareness of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine and willingness to vaccinate daughters among parents of primary and middle school students, so as to provide the reference for the promotion of HPV vaccine in primary and middle school girls. Methods : Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, the parents of girls in in Grade Four to Nine from schools in Gongshu District of Hangzhou, Xiuzhou District of Jiaxing and Wuxing District of Huzhou were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, HPV vaccine related knowledge and willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the willingness to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines among parents. Results : Totally 1 500 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 466 were effectively collected, with an effective rate of 97.73%. There were 313 fathers responded, accounting for 21.35%; and 1 153 mothers responded, accounting for 78.65%. The awareness rate of HPV vaccine was 16.81%. The rate of willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines was 49.86%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who ever vaccinated daughters with self-paid vaccines ( OR=1.935, 95%CI: 1.473-2.541 ), knew cervical cancer ( OR=1.424, 95%CI: 1.065-1.904 ), knew HPV vaccine dose ( OR=1.672, 95%CI:1.216-2.301 ), knew the best vaccination period ( OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.032-1.876 ), knew the need of cervical cancer screening even after vaccination ( OR=1.596, 95%CI:1.227-2.075) were more willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines, while the parents who thought HPV vaccine expensive ( OR=0.154, 95%CI: 0.099-0.240 ) were less willing to vaccinate daughters with HPV vaccines. Conclusions The rates of HPV vaccine awareness and willingness to vaccinate daughters are 16.81% and 49.86% among parents of primary and middle school students. Their knowledge of HPV vaccine and the price of the vaccine may affect their willingness to vaccinate daughters.