Objective To analyze the MRI findings of spinal intramedullary tuberculomas and the related literature was reviewed. Methods A retrospective study of 5 patients with intramedullary tuberculoma proved by clinical and radiological evidences was undertaken.Both T1-and T2-weighted images were obtained along with the postcontrast T1 WI.The locations,signal intensities,patterns of enhancement and morphology of the tuberculomas were observed.Results A tuberculoma in one patient was found in cervical spinal cord with slight hypointensity and nodular enhancement on T1 WI and hypointensity on T2 WI.Those in three patients were found in inferior thoracic spinal cord with typical “target sign”on T2 WI and rim-enhancement on postcontrast T1 WI,and the tuberculomas were ovoid along the long axis of spinal cord on sagittal images.A miliary tuberculoma in thoracic spinal cord in one of these three patients was found which could not be showed on plain MRI.The tuberculomas in last patient was located in conus terminalis with hypointensity and rim enhancement on T1 WI and hypointensity on T2 WI.Conclusion The MRI findings of spinal intramedullary tuberculoma are variable,and their characteristic manifestations include hypointensity or “target sign”on T2 WI,rim enhancement on postcontrast T1 WI along the long axis of spinal cord.

AIM: To establish the two-hit rat model with hemorrhage and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and to study the effect of panaxadiol saponins(PDS) against acute lung injury.METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operational group(S);two-hit groups with hemorrhagic shock-LPS(HL);dexamethasone pretreatment group(HLD) and PDS pretreatment group(HLP).The mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) was monitored dynamically by 4-channel physiological meter RM-6000,and pathological alteration of lung tissues was also observed.The levels of various serum enzymes,TNF-? and IL-6 were detected.RESULTS: MABP decreased in two-hit rat model with hemorrhage-LPS.The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase,TNF-? and IL-6 increased significantly.Severe inflammatory change of pulmonary interstitium in HL group was also observed.CONCLUSION: Endotoxin injection following hemorrhage can be used to establish the animal model of acute lung injury.Similar with dexamethasone,PDS prevents lung tissue from seriously damage through increasing MABP and decreasing the level of serum enzymes,TNF-? and IL-6 levels.

Objective Taking methyl nonyl ketone as index to establish pharmacokinetic compartment model for study volatile oil from the whole herb of Houttuynia cordata by pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits in vivo. Methods Using GC to determine the blood concentrations of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil from whole herbs of H. cordata in rabbit plasma. The GC system used a capillary SPB-5 column and helium as carrier gas; the initial temperature was at 90 ℃, then raised to 190 ℃ by 10 ℃/min and kept for 5 min; the injector temperature was 250 ℃ and the FID detector temperature was 300 ℃; the injection volume was 5.0 ?L with splitless injection mode; n-hexane was used as solvent and n-pentadecane as interior standard substance. The blood concentration value of methyl nonyl ketone was fitted with 3P97 procedure. Results A capillary GC method was established for the detemination of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil from whole herbs of H. cordata in rabbit plasma. Methyl nonyl ketone linearity was good (r=0.987 0) within 0.04—60.0 ?g/mL.The blood concentration-time course of precision in rabbit plasma conformed to two compartment model. Conclusion The experiment provides pharmacokinetic evidence for the rational administration and the further development of H. cordata and some methods for pharmacokinetic study of volatile oils from traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

0.05). Conclusions Silencing STAT3 gene can decrease STAT3 gene expressions , increase Bax gene expressions , induce cell apoptosis and suppress the tumor growth in the human breast carcinoma model by the RNAi technology .

Objective To investigate the alteration of aquaporin 1(AQP1) expression in lung tissues in hemorrhage-lipopolysaccharide(LPS) two-hits rats and the effects of panaxadiols(PDS)and dexamthasone(Dex) on it.Methods The rat model of acute lung injury was built with hemorrhage-LPS two hits.The experiment was divided into control group(S),two-hits model group(HL),DEX group(HLD),and PDS group(HLP).The pathological changes of lung tissue were examined by HE staining.The expression of AQP1 was analyzed by RT-PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.Results ① Significant inflammatory changes in pulmonary interstitial of rats in HL group were observed.However,in HLD group and HLP group,the pulmonary pathologic changes were much slighter.② AQP1 mRNA and protein expressions in lung tissues in HL group were significantly decreased compared with others groups(P

Objective To investigate the role of human membrane associated sialidase (Neu3) in multidrug resistance ( MDR) of K562 cells. Methods K562 cells and K562/ADM cells were treated with DNR alone or with combination of DNR and NeuAC2en. The cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay; the expression of MDR related factors and apoptosis related factors were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR; Neu3 activity was detected by TBA reaction. Results The survival rate of K562/ADM cells was higher than that of K562 cells; NeuAC2en showed synergistic effect with DNR(P <0. 01) ; Neu3 activity of K562 and K562/ADM cells decreased after DNR or NeuAC2en induction and the decrease was most significant in the combination treatment group (P <0. 01). Under the identical condition, the protein expression of P-gp and Neu3 and the mRNA expression of MDR1, Neu3, BCL-xl and BCL-2 increased comparing with K562 cells. The mRNA level of BAX in K562 and K562/ADM groupsdid not changed significantly. MDR1, Neu3,BCL-xl and BCL-2 decreased after DNR induction and down-regulated most obviously in the groups treated by DNR combined with NeuAC2en. Conclusion Neu3 may be related with multidrug resistance of K562/ADM cell through regulating apoptosis and the expression of MDR1.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of our self-designed sight used to guide thoracic vertebroplasty.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 52 patients (70 thoracic vertebrae) who had undergone percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) (n =36)or percataneous kyphoplasty (PKP) (n =34) of T1-T4 vertebral bodies at Department of Orthopaedics,The First Affiliated Hospital to Zhengzhou University form August 2012 to October 2013.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,intraoperative radiation by C-arm roentgenography,and visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared between the patients whose surgery had been guided by our self-designed sight and those whose surgery had been not.Results All the patients were followed up for 18 to 36 months (average,22.3 months).Compared with those who had not used the sight,the patients who had used the sight incurred significantly shorter operation time (16.5 ± 3.2 min versus 26.5 ± 3.7 min),significantly less intraoperative bleeding (2.8 ± 1.3 mL versus 6.3 ± 1.7 mL) and significantly less radiation by C-arm roentgenography (5.6 ± 3.3 times versus 9.4 ± 3.1 times) (P ＜0.05).The VAS scores at postoperative 3 days and final follow-up were significantly decreased than the preoperative values in all the patients (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the patients who had used the sight and those who had not in the the VAS scores at postoperative 3 days or final follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The upper thoracic PVP or PKP guided by our self-designed sight has theadvantages of short operation time,less intraoperative bleeding and less frequency of C-arm radiation.The sight is suitable for various vertebroplasties.

Objective To explore the value of MR diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in evaluating the effect of march training on the thigh muscles of recruits.Methods DTI scans of the right thigh were performed three times in forty recruits:before and after the march training and one month after the rest.Fractional anisotropy(FA)was measured on the cross-sectional images of the thigh muscles,including rectus femoris(RF),vastus medialis(VM),vastus lateralis(VL),vastus intermedius(VI),gracilis muscle(GM),sartorius muscle(SM),semitendinosus muscle(STM),semimembranosus muscle(SMM),long head of biceps femoris(LHBF)and short head of biceps femoris(SHBF).The percentage changes in FA values of each muscle after the training and rest were calculated.Paired samplet-tests were used to analyze the differences in FA among the thigh muscles at different time points,and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in the percentage changes of FA among the thigh muscles after the training and rest.Results Compared to pre-training,the FA values of all thigh muscles significantly decreased after the training,with statistical differences(P＜0.05).After the rest,the FA values of all thigh muscles recovered,but statistical differences remained in RF(P＜0.001),VM(P＜0.001),VL(P=0.001),STM(P=0.046),and LHBF(P=0.013).After the training and rest,the FA values of the recruits'thigh muscles showed a"decreasing first and then increasing"trend.There were statistical differences in the percentage changes of FA after the training and the recovery percentages of FA after the rest among the thigh muscles(P＜0.001,P＜0.001).Conclusion DTI may reflect the ultra-structure changes in the thigh muscles of recruits after the march training and provide a quantitative and noninvasive assessment of muscle micro-injuries.

ObjectiveTo establish steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head （SANFH） cell model by using dexamethasone （DEX）-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） and demonstrate that Gushing Granules （GSNs） exert an improving effect by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/B-lymphoma-2 gene related promoter （PI3K/Akt/Bad） signalling pathway. MethodsFirstly， SD rats were orally administered with drugs at a dose of 0.9 g·kg^-1 to prepare GSN-containing serum， and CCK-8 screening was used to determine the optimal dosage and duration of action. Then， BMSCs were cultured and treated with 1×10^-6 mol·L^-1 DEX， 10% GSN-containing serum， and inhibitor LY294002 of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway for 24 hours to model and group SANFH cells. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by using CCK-8 assay kit and EdU staining kit. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. An alkaline phosphatase （ALP） assay kit was employed to detect ALP expression. In order to detect the PI3K/Akt/Bad signalling pathway and protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as apoptosis regulatory factors B-cell lymphoma-2 gene （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， osteocalcin （OCN）， and Collagen Ⅰ， we used Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsThe CCK-8 assay kit determined that the optimal dosage for GSN-containing serum is 10%， and the duration of action is 48 hours. After modelling and grouping the cells in each group， the detection results showed that the SANFH model group had significantly lower cell viability， cell proliferation， and ALP expression， as well as protein and mRNA expressions of PI3K， Akt， Bad， Bcl-2， OCN， and Collagen I compared to the blank group. The nucleic acid and protein levels of the Bax index and the cell apoptosis rate detected by flow cytometry significantly increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. After treatment with GSN-containing serum， cell viability， cell proliferation， and ALP expression， as well as expressions of PI3K， Akt， Bad， Bcl-2， OCN， and Collagen Ⅰ nucleic acids and proteins were significantly increased， while the nucleic acid and protein levels of the Bax index and the cell apoptosis rate detected by flow cytometry significantly decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the GSN drug-containing serum group， the simultaneous treatment with the inhibitor LY294002 and GSN drug-containing serum reversed the improvement effect of GSN. Specifically， the cell viability， cell proliferation， ALP expression， and the nucleic acid and protein levels of PI3K， Akt， Bad， Bcl-2， OCN， and Collagen Ⅰ were all significantly decreased， while the nucleic acid and protein levels of the Bax index and the cell apoptosis rate detected by flow cytometry were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionGSNs antagonize DEX-induced apoptosis of BMSCs by activating the PI3K/Akt/Bad signalling pathway， providing a scientific theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of SANFH with GSNs.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is capable of hydrolyzing nearly all β-lactam antibiotics, posing an emerging threat to public health. There are currently less effective treatment options for treating NDM-1 positive “superbug”, and no promising NDM-1 inhibitors were used in clinical practice. In this study, structure–activity relationship based on thiosemicarbazone derivatives was systematically characterized and their potential activities combined with meropenem (MEM) were evaluated. Compounds 19bg and 19bh exhibited excellent activity against 10 NDM-positive isolate clinical isolates in reversing MEM resistance. Further studies demonstrated compounds 19bg and 19bh were uncompetitive NDM-1 inhibitors with Ki = 0.63 and 0.44 μmol/L, respectively. Molecular docking speculated that compounds 19bg and 19bh were most likely to bind in the allosteric pocket which would affect the catalytic effect of NDM-1 on the substrate meropenem. Toxicity evaluation experiment showed that no hemolysis activities even at concentrations of 1000 mg/mL against red blood cells. In vivo experimental results showed combination of MEM and compound 19bh was markedly effective in treating infections caused by NDM-1 positive strain and prolonging the survival time of sepsis mice. Our finding showed that compound 19bh might be a promising lead in developing new inhibitor to treat NDM-1 producing superbug.