Objective:To explore the clinical classification and ideal treatment of extremitalintramuscular vascular malformations. Methods:472 cases of extremital intramuscular vascularmalformations were enrolled from Oct. 1983-Dec. 2004;the clinical manifestations and iconography features were analysed. Thus intramuscular malformations, according to the blood dynamics, areclassified into two types-the high efferent speed of 40 casaes(AVM)and the low efferent speedof 432(VM), while classified into five types according to pathological extent-monlocalized typeof 92 cases, polylocalized 162, extensive type of 166, nerve trunk type of 38 diffuse type of 14 casses operative means: 360 patients received operation alone(82 cases with two-stage operation),10 patients received operation plus muscle shift, 34 patients received operation plusembolism of entering arteria, 58 patients received embolism of efferent veins plus intratumorallysclerotherapy, 6 patients received limbs removal. 4 abandoned all treatments. Results: 386 caseswere followed-up from 1 years to 20.Among them, 234 patients were cured(60.62%), 78 cases were valid(20.21%) , 58 cases were improved (15.03%),16 cases were invalid (4.15%) . Conclusion:the right pathological classification is based on reasonable iconography diagnostic course, the new pathological classification contributes to the treatment selection and judgment of the prognosis, comprehensive treatment in which operation taken as a chief means,is a valid way for extremital intramuscular vascular malformations.

The present study was designed to confirm the use of GM-CSF, made by the Beijing United Biological Engineering Company, in leucocytopenia after chemotherapy in 12 patients with malignant tumor. In patients with malignant tumor the interval leucocytopenia needed shortened 5 days compared with that in control subjects. At the same time GM-CSF could be resistant to infection significantly, especially in patients with complicated infection, and the antibiotic applying time decreased. In addition, clinical experence had shown that there was no obvious side-effects in general dosage. Thus, these findings indicate that GM-CSF is a kind of essential drug in radical chemotherapy in patients with tumor.

30 kg/m2 served as obesity group.Using Gross formula,the true total blood loss was calculated depending on the height,body mass and pre-and post-operative Hct,and hidden blood loss was gotten by subtracting the visible blood loss from total loss.③The correlation between visible and hidden blood loss was observed.RESULTS:All 41 patients undergoing THA and 37 TKA were involved in the result analysis.①Following THA,the mean total loss was 1 520 mL and the hidden blood loss 482 mL(32%).Following TKA,the mean total loss was 1 508 mL and the hidden blood loss was 776 mL(52%).The hidden blood loss between THA and TKA was significantly different(P 0.05).CONCLUSION:①The hidden blood loss in TKA is far higher than THA.It is very important to supplement the blood volume during TKA for the insufficiency to regain general circulation although using blood re-infusion.②It may improve clinical evaluation capabilities to estimate hidden blood loss and thus result in better patient care after joint arthroplasty.

AIM: To establish the two-hit rat model with hemorrhage and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and to study the effect of panaxadiol saponins(PDS) against acute lung injury.METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operational group(S);two-hit groups with hemorrhagic shock-LPS(HL);dexamethasone pretreatment group(HLD) and PDS pretreatment group(HLP).The mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) was monitored dynamically by 4-channel physiological meter RM-6000,and pathological alteration of lung tissues was also observed.The levels of various serum enzymes,TNF-? and IL-6 were detected.RESULTS: MABP decreased in two-hit rat model with hemorrhage-LPS.The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase,TNF-? and IL-6 increased significantly.Severe inflammatory change of pulmonary interstitium in HL group was also observed.CONCLUSION: Endotoxin injection following hemorrhage can be used to establish the animal model of acute lung injury.Similar with dexamethasone,PDS prevents lung tissue from seriously damage through increasing MABP and decreasing the level of serum enzymes,TNF-? and IL-6 levels.

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Experimental models were reproduced by injection of crude E. Coli. endotoxin into the abdominal cavity in rats. One handred and twenty-eight Wistr rats were -randomly divided into 3 groups: endotoxic shock ( ESG ) , group pretreated with psnasadiol saponin (ESPG) and control group(CG). It was found that 16h survival rate in ESPG was higher than that in ESG(P

AIM: Aquaporin 3 ( AQP3 ) water channel expressed in the kidney plays a critical role in the urine concentrating mechanism. Mice with AQP3 deletion show a urinary concentrating defect. To better characterize this defect, we studied the influence and mechanism of an acute urea load in conscious AQP3 - null and wild - type mice. METHODS:Urine was collected and assayed every 2 h, from 2 h before (baseline) to 8 h after the urea load. Urine volume, urine osmolality and urea concentration were measured. RNA was isolated from the whole kidney and real - time PCR was carried out using a LightCycler. Total protein of UTs was assayed from kidney tissue by Western blotting. RESULTS: Mice of both genotypes excreted the urea loaded in ～ 4 h with the same time course. Despite their low baseline, the AQP3 - null mice raised their urine osmolality and urea concentration progressively after the urea load to the values almost equal to those in wild - type mice at 8 h. In contrast, urine non - urea solute concentration did not change. Urine volume fell in the last 4 h to about one - fourth of basal values. The urea load strongly upregulated urea transporter UT - A3 expression in both genotype mice. CONCLUSION: These observations show that lack of AQP3 does not interfere with the ability of the kidney to concentrate urea but impairs its ability to concentrate other solutes. This solute - selective response results from the capacity of AQP3 to transport not only water but also urea, suggesting a novel role for AQP3 in non - urea solute concentration in the urine.

AIM: Aquaporins(AQP) are very important for the water transport across cell membrane. Aquaporin 7(AQP 7) and aquaporin 8(AQP8) expressed in the rat testis, but the biophysical functions of these two aquporins in testis and the regulatory mechanism of their expression remain unclear. The aim of this study was to find out if the expression of these two aquporins was correlative with the function of testis, and if panaxadiol saponins (PDS) affected their expression. METHODS: 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks old rats were divided into saline and PDS injection groups. Semi-quantified RT-PCR method was employed to detect aquaporin 7 and 8 gene expression: using total RNA extracted from rat testis as PCR template, then using optical scanner to measure the OD value of bands on agrose electrophoresis. OD value of target gene products was divided by which of contol gene. The ratio was identified as the quantity of target gene expression. Western blot was also employed to detect expression of these two proteins in the testis. RESULTS: ①OD value of AQP 7 mRNA products in testis of 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks rats were 48 227, 51 536, 59 567 respectively and the ratio divided by OD value of control gene was 0.82, 0.85, 0.99; OD value of AQP 8 mRNA products in testis of 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks rats were 23 092, 39 302, 43 316 respectively, the ratio divided by OD value of control gene was 0.39, 0.65, 0.72. Thus, AQP 7 and 8 mRNA expression increased with age. ②After PDS injection for 2 weeks. AQP 7 and 8 mRNA expression in 4 weeks old rats increased to 0.97 and 0. 72,which in control group were 0. 82 and 0. 39; the ratio decreased to 0.77 and 0.55 in 8 weeks old rats, which in control group were 0.85 and 0.65. There was no PCR product of neither aquaporins in 12 weeks old PDS injected rats, except products of control gene. ③ Western blot of AQP 7 and 8 protein showed little difference between PDS and saline injected 12 weeks old rats. CONCLUSION: ①Quantity of AQP 7 and AQP 8 expression was related to testis function of rats. ②PDS influenced the expression of AQP 7 and AQP 8 mRNA, perhaps by promoting the secretion of LH in pituitary.

Objective To investigate the role of the mass screening by comparing the pathological features of prostate cancer between mass screening patients and clinical patients.Methods 107 cases of prostate cancer(including 51 patients from clinical diagnosis and 56 patients from mass screening) and 7 cases of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia(PIN,from mass screening) were analyzed using the Gleason’s grade system.Results ① Gleason’s grade of prostate cancer in mass screening group was lower than that in clinical diagnosis group(?2 =48.22,P

AIM:Aquaporins (AQP) are very important for the water transport across cell membrane. There are at least 10 mammalian AQPs( aquaporins 0-9) distributed in various organs and different kinds of cells. Each AQP has a distinct organ distribution, and this distribution could be useful in presuming the biological function of the aquaporin. The aim of this study was to figure out the distribution of aquaporin 7 (AQP7) and aquaporin 8(AQP8).METHODS：Semi-quantified RT-PCR was employed in this research. The ratio of OD value of target gene products divided by which of control gene products was calculated. Among 35 organs, testis, epididymis, skin, muscle, rectum, lung, bronchus, lymph node, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, spleen, mammary gland, uterus, placenta, tonsil, urinary bladder, thyroid came from normal area of removed samples during operation. cDNA library of Prostate, thymus, salivary gland, penis, carotiol artery, adrenal gland, occipital lobe of brain, temporal lobe of brain, frontal lobe of brain, parietal lobe of brain, mid brain, choroid plexus are purchased from OriGene biotechnique company.RESULTS：①AQP 7 mRNA was found in testis, muscle, gall bladder, carotiol artery, lymph node and adrenal gland, and maximum expression of AQP 7 was in testis.②AQP 8 mRNA was found in pancreas, testis, skin and colon. and maximum expression of AQP 8 was in pancreas.CONCLUSION:Coexistence of AQP 7 and 8 in testis was confirmed, which suggested that both of these two aquaporins were involved in the regulation of testis function.